Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, but it also causes pollution, wastes energy, and surprisingly wastes water. Only 23% of the plastic in America ends up in recycling bins, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.
It’s a kind of convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten. To drink it, you can either get rid of the membrane (膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. It’s completely insipid so you needn’t worry about any taste.
It aims for large outdoor events where tons of plastic bottles are used and frequently left behind as litter. Too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for the purpose of such a new invention.
The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials that are needed to produce Ooho. The price for an only bubble (泡状物) or a unit of bubbles hasn’t been decided yet, but it costs about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. The team has also been selling Ooho water bottles in London for the past six months.
Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $1 million in only three days. It’s mostly being sold at events at the moment to interest the buyers while the production machine is getting up and running. It’s quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out for these bottles of the future.
1. How is most plastic in America dealt with?A.It is wasted by people. |
B.It is reused as new energy. |
C.It is buried under the ground. |
D.It is applied to new technology. |
A.Sweet. | B.Delicious. | C.Tasteless. | D.Interesting. |
A.It plans to be sold at a very low price. |
B.It has some advantages over plastic bottles. |
C.It has taken the place of plastic bottles in London. |
D.Proper materials of making Ooho are hard to find. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Uninterested. | C.Worried. | D.Positive. |
A.Scientists. | B.Experts. | C.Environmentalists. | D.The public. |
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【推荐1】Canadian student Raymond Wang, 17, won the world’s largest high school science competition last Friday, taking home the top prize of $75,000 for inventing a new way to keep germs from spreading in airplane cabins (机舱).
“It is very exciting. I absolutely didn’t expect it,” Wang said by telephone from Pittsburgh, the host city for the finals of the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (Intel ISEF). “It is really the happiest day of my life.”
Wang started thinking about the problem of disease spread on airplanes several months ago, after a steady stream of news about the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Ebola is not spread through the air, he learned, but other infectious diseases spread through the air, the H1N1 swine flu virus and SARS virus included.
And that is a problem in airplane cabins, where everyone is breathing everyone else’s air. “When someone sneezes, there is a mess everywhere,” he explained.
Wang said he made up his mind to solve the problem when he discovered that few people in the airline industry were actively working on ways to improve the quality of airplane air.
He designed fin-shaped devices (鳍形装置) that fit into the airplane’s existing air inlets (入口). The fins redirect the airflow, creating walls of air around each passenger. Each person gets a personalized zone of fresh air, and sneezes are pushed out of the cabin before they can spread.
His invention would improve the availability of fresh air in the cabin by 190 percent, he said, and would reduce the concentration of airborne germs by 55 times. Wang believes that it would cost $1,000 per airplane and could be put in overnight. And he is already filed an application for a patent.
Wang is clearly not your average high school student. He did his project not for class but on the side, and he learned what he needed to know pretty much on his own. “This year I had to pick up fluid dynamics (流体动力学),” he said. “I kept going with it, watching some videos and looking at some papers.”
1. What is Wang’s invention for?A.Preventing passengers from sneezing. |
B.Killing germs spreading in airplane cabins. |
C.Stopping some diseases from spreading on planes. |
D.Controlling the spread of Ebola germs through the air |
A.he deserved the award | B.it was out of expectation |
C.it was really a challenging task | D.he should have done more for it |
A.when hearing Ebola was spreading in Africa |
B.when choosing to take part in the Intel ISEF |
C.after deciding to have a patent of his own |
D.after knowing there were few similar products |
A.By identifying sneezing passengers. |
B.By controlling the movement of air. |
C.By letting passengers be aware of germs. |
D.By separating people with fin-shaped walls. |
A.Opportunity is open to those well prepared for it. |
B.Where there is a will, there is a way. |
C.Knowledge advances by steps and not by leaps. |
D.Every dog has its day. |
【推荐2】Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution to two of our country’s problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers: Rather than throw your empty chip bags into trash (垃圾桶), donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.
Chip eaters drop off their empty bags from Doritos, Lay’s, and other favorites at two locations in Detroit: a print shop and a clothing store, where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect them. After they clean the chip bags in soapy hot water, they cut them open, lay them flat, and iron them together.
It takes about four hours to sew a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, depending on whether they’re single-serve or family size. The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry around,” Oleita told the Detroit News.
Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and, till last December, created 110 sleeping bags.
Sure, it would be simpler to raise the money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the goal for Oleita—whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life—and her fellow volunteers. “We are devoted to making an impact not only socially, but environmentally,” she says.
Eradajere Oleita’s practice is a powerful reminder that environmental injustice and poverty often go hand in hand. As Oleita told hourdetroit.com, “I think it’s time to show connections between all of these issues.”
1. What is Oleita’s solution to the two problems?A.Asking snack lovers to donate money. | B.Collecting money to buy sleeping bags. |
C.Making chip bags into sleeping bags. | D.Organizing volunteers to collect rubbish. |
A.It was difficult to raise money. | B.She became more ambitious. |
C.She wanted to live a better life. | D.Sleeping bags were expensive. |
A.Flexible and Humorous. | B.Generous and thankful. |
C.Determined and open-minded. | D.Creative and sympathetic. |
A.Think twice before you leap. | B.Kill two birds with one stone. |
C.Wisdom and love are a perfect pair. | D.Garbage and poverty often go hand in hand. |
【推荐3】As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly advanced, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.
Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language. For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,” said Russell.
Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.
If only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules, it will be possible to create more developed moral machines. Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.
One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation. If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps(嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.
The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of moral rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.
1. What does the author say about the threat of robots?A.It may put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. |
B.It would become too smart to follow human’s order. |
C.It has become an unavoidable danger as technology develops. |
D.It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language. |
A.By picking up patterns from data on human behavior. |
B.By following the daily routines of human beings. |
C.By interacting with humans in daily life. |
D.By imitating the behavior of human beings. |
A.Program robots with basic human values. |
B.Change human values into clear rules. |
C.Improve human’s programming ability. |
D.Take the unusual situations seriously. |
A.optimistic. | B.pessimistic. | C.worried. | D.indifferent. |
【推荐1】Earth Day is April 22. Every year, people around the world observe the day by helping to care for the environment. They carry out all kinds of activities in an effort to better the planet’s health. One way to support this goal is to grow plants native to your area. This helps wildlife like birds and insects that evolved alongside native plants. For many of these animals, plant pollen is their food. Native pollinators(传粉者)often cannot recognize non-native plants as food. This means they do not collect the pollen or spread plants’ seeds.
Planting non-native species creates so-called ”food deserts“ for pollinators including bees, birds, bats, butterflies and more. Doug Tallamy is a professor of entomology at the University of Delaware. Entomology is the study of insects. He found that non-native plant species can harm the natural food chain, which can lead to a collapse of the environment. “Plant choice matters,” he said. “The plants we choose to landscape our properties with should be determined by how much life can live there.” Humans depend strongly on insects. Without them, we would have no flowering plants, which would harm the food web that supports important animals. Birds, for example, depend on plants for food and spread their seeds while keeping the populations of harmful insects down. Insects support plants that provide oxygen, clean our water, capture carbon and add nutrients to the soil. That builds topsoil and prevents flooding. Without insects, the biosphere-the living parts of the Earth-would rot because of the loss of insect decomposers(分解者).Humans simply could not survive that, Tallamy said.
In addition to providing food and habitat for insects and other wildlife, native plants are able to grow easily and do not require much care. That means less watering and less fertilizing. The situation is a win-win for gardeners and pollinators.
1. Which of the following can benefit from native plants directly?A.Seeds. | B.The earth. | C.Humans. | D.Birds and insects. |
A.They make it a desert. | B.They pollute the topsoil. |
C.They damage the food chain. | D.They destroy the native habitat. |
A.Professors. | B.Gardeners. | C.Scientists. | D.Zoologists. |
A.The effects of native insects. |
B.The ways to observe Earth Day. |
C.The reasons for planting native species. |
D.The approaches to growing native plants. |
【推荐2】As warming continues, scientists warn the oxygen content of oceans across the planet could be more and more reduced, with serious consequences for the future of fish and other sea life.
Global warming is expected to reduce the mixing of the ocean by making surface seawater lighter. That's because in a warmer world we can expect more rainfall and more melting of glaciers, icebergs, and ice sheets.
A low-oxygen ocean may become an inescapable feature of our planet. A team of Danish researchers wondered how long oxygen levels would drop if we could somehow reduce our carbon dioxide emissions to zero by 2100. They determined that over the next few thousand years oxygen levels would continue to fall, until they declined by 30 percent. The oxygen would slowly return to the oceans, but even 100,000 years from now they will not have fully recovered.
A.The entire ocean gets its oxygen from the surface. |
B.It's not known why the oxygen level of oceans has reduced. |
C.Scientists point to two reasons to expect a drop in ocean oxygen. |
D.Fresh water's inpouring will make the water at the ocean's surface lighter. |
E.Global warming has caused the reduction of the oxygen content of oceans worldwide. |
F.If they are rights, we have every reason to worry about the major effect it has on sea life. |
G.The light surface water will be less likely to sink so the deep ocean will get less oxygen. |
【推荐3】One of the talks from the TED stage in Long Beach, California, came from Richard Ture re, an inventor. He is a Maasai from Kenya. And he is very young.
Lions are the top tourist attraction to Kenya, especially in the Nairobi National Park, which is near where Richard lives. Lions are also considered critically endangered in Kenya. One of the main causes of their demise, “is that people kill them in retaliation (报复) for lions attacking their livestock (牲畜)”, says Paula Kahumbu, executive director of Wildlife Direct, a wildlife conservation organization in Africa. She has been studying the conflict between humans and lions, and her work led her to Richard. In one week, she monitored over 50 cases where lions attacked livestock.
One night Richard was walking around with a flashlight and discovered the lions were scared of a moving light. A light went on inside him and an idea was born. Three weeks later, Richard had invented a system of lights that flash around the cowshed (棚), which seemed like a human walking around with a flashlight. His system is made from broken flashlight parts and an indicator box from a motorcycle. “The only thing I bought was a solar board, which charges a battery that supplies power to the lights at night,” Richard says. He calls the system Lion Lights. “There have been a lot of efforts to try to protect the lions,” Kahumbu says. “It’s a crisis and everyone is looking for a solution. One idea was land leases (租赁), another was lion pro-offences (防护栅栏). And basically no one even knew that Richard had already come up with something that worked.”
His simple solution was so successful. He equipped the lights for his neighbors and for six other homes in his community. From there, the lights spread and are now being used all around Kenya.
To get to the TED stage, Richard traveled on an airplane for the first time in his life. He says he has a lot to tell his friends about when he goes back home, and what impressed him the most on his trip was something he saw at the Aquarium of the Pacific: “It was my first time seeing a shark. I’ve never seen a shark.”
1. Why is Richard able to get to the TED stage?A.He has saved fifty lions. | B.He is a successful speaker. |
C.He helped his neighborhood. | D.He invented a light to protect the lions. |
A.Death. | B.Injury. | C.Discovery. | D.Attraction. |
A.Richard’s. | B.Wildlife Direct’s. | C.The government’s. | D.The TED’s. |
A.People in Kenya live in harmony with the lions. |
B.Richard is a caring, thoughtful and inventive American boy. |
C.There were three methods to protect the lions before Richard’s solution. |
D.With kindness and consideration, people can achieve peace with natural world. |
【推荐1】Female seals don’t change their spots, according to a new study by University of Alberta biologists. In fact, individual differences in boldness remain consistent over time. The study is among the first to examine boldness in wild marine mammals in the field of animal personality. Animal personality influences many ecological processes, like how individuals interact with other species or respond to changing environmental conditions.
Researchers studied female seals on Sable Island, home to the world’s largest grey seal colony. Over a period from 2008 to 2016, biologist Christi Bubac and a field team led by Fisheries and Oceans Canada measured boldness responses in the female seals when defending their young.
“During the breeding season, we saw that females tend to behave consistently, not only between years, but also within the lactation period of a given year,” explained Bubac, lead author and PhD student in the Department of Biological Sciences studying with wildlife geneticist David Colman. “This provides an example of animal personality, with consistent individual differences observed over time.”
Bubac also examined how reproductive success is related to a seal’s boldness or shyness. Rey seals nurse for 16 to 18 days, so mother seals have a very short window to get baby seals as fat as they can. During this time, baby seals triple in body mass. Body mass is a good predictor of reproductive success because it indicates the puppies’ chances of survival. “On average, we found that bolder females stop feeding those that are two kilograms heavier, compared with the shyest females, improving their chances of surviving the first year of life,” said Bubac.
These results present some very interesting biological questions, explained Coltman, professor of biology. “This research shows that young grey seal moms that are bold tend to stop feeding larger puppies compared with shy moms. However, older grey seals also tend to be bolder. If bolder animals have bigger pups and live longer, why does variation in boldness remain? Why be shy?”
1. What is the purpose of the study of seals?A.To test their effects on ecological processes. |
B.To study how seals interact with each other. |
C.To check how the environment affects mammals. |
D.To examine marine mammals’ personality difference. |
A.Animals have remained their personality since they were born. |
B.Female seals behave more boldly in the lactation period. |
C.Seals’ boldness responses remain the same over time. |
D.The study on seals’ personality has been very mature. |
A.Bolder female seals adjust the nursing time to their babies’ weight. |
B.Mother seals tend to get babies as slim as possible. |
C.It usually takes mother seals 20 days to nurse. |
D.Bolder female seals feed less than shy ones. |
A.In a travel guide. | B.In a textbook. | C.In a magazine. | D.In an art gallery. |
【推荐2】Nuclear energy is one of the cleanest power on earth. It is cleaner than any energy source except wind. But that doesn’t necessarily mean nuclear is the long-term solution for the world because nuclear material is perhaps the most poisonous matter on earth. In addition, uranium, the element most commonly used in nuclear reactors, is not in limitless supply. But the biggest problem is nuclear waste.
How can we deal with nuclear waste? The answer is simple—put them somewhere where they can stay, undisturbed, isolated, forever. Finland is building just that. This region is largely lacking in natural disasters. It really doesn’t encounter any natural phenomenon that could damage a nuclear waste storage site, especially if it’s 1, 500 feet underground. Beneath an island on the Finnish Baltic Sea coast, the country is digging. They’ re building the very first permanent nuclear waste storage facility in the world in the stable bedrock 1,500 feet below.
Currently they’ re just finishing their dig down, then very soon they’ll start filling the facility with nuclear waste. They’ll dig long tunnels with small holes in which they’ll place nuclear waste then backfill the tunnels with clay to be left forever.
With this system, there’s near zero risk of nuclear material leaking out into the groundwater and, once it’s filled in the year 2120, it can just be left, forever. Because the material will be so far down and so difficult to get to, no human management will be necessary once completed.
No security, no maintenance, nothing which means it should be truly secure, but before leaving it, Finland needs to fight against one thing—human nature. As curious beings, it’s hard to fight a person’s urge of discovery. If someone finds a mysterious structure from thousands of years ago, it’d just be natural to want to open it up, and that’s a problem for nuclear waste sites.
We essentially did just that with the pyramids in Egypt. These structures were built as the final, permanent resting places and we opened them up because we were curious. Opening the nuclear storage facilities would release radiation into a future civilization, so we have to tell them to leave the sites alone, but that’s easier said than done.
1. Why is Finland building a nuclear storage site deep underground?A.The tunnels there are easy to dig. | B.The supply of uranium is limited. |
C.Modern technology makes it possible. | D.No natural disaster can influence the site. |
A.Being curious. | B.A desire for security. |
C.Being adventurous. | D.A desire for control. |
A.Supportive. | B.Tolerant. | C.Doubtful. | D.Pessimistic. |
A.To arouse people’s curiosity. | B.To predict the site’s development. |
C.To illustrate the author’s concern. | D.To stress the importance of the project. |
【推荐3】Drinking coffee as soon as one wakes up from a night's sleep greatly affects metabolism (新陈代谢) and blood sugar responses. Scientists published this in the British Journal of Nutrition,
In the study, the UK researchers let 29 healthy men and women take part in three different overnight experiments. In the first two scenes, participants were given a sugary drink upon waking first from a normal night's sleep, and then again after a greatly disturbed night's sleep. In the third, their sleep was similarly, but they were given a strong black coffee 30 minutes before having the sugary drink.
Blood samples from participants were taken following the sugary drinkin each experiment. Results showed that one night of disturbed sleep did not worsen the participants' blood sugar responses at breakfast when compared to a normal night of sleep. However, strong black coffee consumed before breakfast increased the blood sugar response by around 50 percent.
By drinking such kind of drink after breakfast, UK researchers found that our bodies, ability to break down our food healthily is completely improved. Examining the effects of broken sleep and morning coffee through a range of different metabolic markers, researchers found that, while one night of poor sleep had a limited effect on metabolism, drinking coffee before breakfast could have a negative effect on blood sugar control.
“We know that nearly half of us will wake in the morning and, before doing anything else, drink coffee-the more tired we feel, the stronger the coffee is. This study is important and has far-reaching health influences, and it indeed shakes some coffee drinkers. Up to now we have had limited knowledge about what this is doing to our bodies, in particular for our metabolic and blood sugar control, so we have a long way to go. "said Professor James Bette, co-director of the Centre for Nutrition at the University of Bath.
1. How did the UK researchers get the result of the experiment?A.By theoretical analysis. | B.By comparative experiments. |
C.By doing questionnaires. | D.By consulting journals. |
A.A poor night sleep surely affects blood sugar responses. |
B.Drinking coffee after breakfast does much harm to health. |
C.Having strong drinks has a good effect on one's metabolism. |
D.Drinking coffee at different time has different effects on health. |
A.It makes no sense. | B.It is limited and blind. |
C.It remains to be continued. | D.It is particular and precise. |
A.Harms of drinking coffee before breakfast. |
B.What weakens ones' blood sugar responses. |
C.How much coffee one should drink a day. |
D.The effective procedure for blood sugar control. |