People who frequently eat fruit are more likely to report greater positive mental health and are less likely to report symptoms of depression than those who do not, according to new research from the College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University. The team also found that people who eat savoury (咸味的) snacks such as crisps (薯片), which are low in nutrients (营养) , are more likely to report greater levels of anxiety.
Published in the British Journal of Nutrition, the study surveyed 428 adults from across the UK and looked at the relationship between their consumption of fruit, vegetables, sweet and savoury snacks, and their psychological(心理的) health. The research found that both nutrient-rich fruit and nutrient-poor savoury snacks appeared to be linked to psychological health. They also found that there was no direct association between eating vegetables and psychological health. Based on the survey, the more often people ate fruit, the lower they scored for depression and the higher for mental health, independent of the overall quantity of fruit intake. By contrast, there was no link between these everyday memory lapses (差错) and fruit and vegetables intake or sweet snacks, suggesting a unique relationship between these nutrient-poor savoury snacks, everyday mental lapses, and psychological health.
Lead author, PhD student Nicola-Jayne Tuck commented, “Very little is known about how diet may affect mental health, and while we did not directly examine causality here, our findings could suggest that frequently snacking on nutrient-poor savoury foods may increase everyday mental loss, which in turn reduces psychological health.”
“It is possible that changing what we snack on could be a really simple way to improve our mental health. It is also possible that the future limit of processed (特殊处理的) snacks at checkouts, could not only improve the country’s physical health, but mental health too.”
“Overall, it’s definitely worth trying to get into the habit of reaching for the fruit bowl.”
1. Which may lead to greater level of anxiety?| A．Savoury snacks. | B．Fruit. | C．Vegetables. | D．Grain. |
| A．Rich fruit appears not to be linked to psychological health |
| B．The more fruit people eat, the lower they score for depression |
| C．There is a relation between the nutrient-poor snacks and mental health. |
| D．There is a direct link between eating vegetables and psychological health |
| A．The relation between fruit and vegetables. |
| B．The relation between exercise and health. |
| C．The relation between snacks and mental health. |
| D．The relation between diet and mental health. |
| A．Eating habits can prevent disease |
| B．Eating unhealthy snacks often is harmful to health |
| C．Eating vegetables often can improve mental health |
| D．Eating fruit often may contribute to mental health |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Is Popcorn a Healthy Snack?
If you're a popcorn lover, you might be secretly hoping this popular snack is a healthy one. However, it is not so straightforward to discover whether popcorn is healthy or not.
Nutritional Benefits of Popcorn
The healthiest popcorn choices are unsalted air-or oil-popped popcorn without butter. Air-popped popcorn is the lowest calorie option, providing just 30 calories per cup, and oil-popped popcorn adds an extra 10 calories in each cup. Lightly salting your popcorn is generally okay, as long as your total daily sodium intake doesn't exceed recommended amounts.
The Amount of Popcorn to Eat
One portion of popcorn is equal to three cups of popcorn. Adults generally require five to eight servings of grains daily, depending on the age, gender, and activity level. This is equal to 15 to 24 cups of popcorn daily if you get all your grains from popcorn.
Popcorn to Avoid
Many types of popcorn aren't so healthy, containing added calories, sodium, saturated fat, or sugar. Heavily buttered and salted popcorn, like movie-theater popcorn, should only be eaten in moderation(适度). Another type of popcorn to avoid due to the high calorie and sugar content is caramel popcorn, which can contain over 200 calories per cup.
| A．Healthy Popcorn Options |
| B．Air-popped Popcorn Preferred |
| C．There are few types of popcorn in the world |
| D．Some types of popcorn are healthy, while others are not |
| E．Cheese popcorn is often high in sodium and saturated fat |
| F．Popcorn is a kind of whole grain and a healthy source of dietary carbohydrates |
| G．So when eating popcorn as a snack, aim for about three cups as a rule of thumb |
【推荐2】“Sushi tastes amazing. A great steak is just amazing.” Those are not the words you expect to hear from a leader of the vegetarian movement. But that’s how Graham Hill, founder of the sustainability website Tree Hugger, feels about the fleshier components of his diet. He is a self-described “weekday vegetarian,” a compromise that came about after years of trying—and failing—to adhere to (坚持) a strictly vegetarian diet.
For the past year, Hill has preached (宣传，鼓吹) the cause of partial vegetarianism to help fight global warming. According to the U. N., the livestock industry produces 18%of the world’s greenhouse gases. Part-time vegetarians choose what to eat and when. The popular Meatless Monday movement, which began in 2003, has been backed by many celebrities, including Paul McCartney, who has taken the lead in his own Meat Free Monday campaign. Last year the Belgian city of Ghent picked Thursday as its Veggie day, calling for meat-free options to be served that day in schools and public institutions.
The drive to avoid eating meat on certain days is not new. Catholics have long been urged to restrain themselves on Fridays. But environmentalists have only recently caught on. “The surge is due to a sense of a plateau (达到平衡) . You’ve already reached out to the base of strict vegetarians, and it’s hard to get beyond those numbers,” says Peter Singer, a Princeton philosophy professor. “People should go further, but it’s progressed in the right direction.”
Although the American Dietetic (ADA) Association doesn’t track the number of part-times, the group says roughly 2.5% of Americans are strictly vegetarian, a diet that poses no health risks as long as practitioners get enough protein from beans and other nonmeat sources. “A partial-vegetarian plan is a little more user-friendly,” says Dawn Jackson Blatner, a flexitarian (弹性素食者(偶尔吃荤)) and ADA spokesperson.
The goal for many activists is simply to get more people to eat less meat. “Absolute purists should be living in a cave,” says Ingrid Newkirk, president of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). “Anybody who witnesses the suffering of animals and has a glimmer of hope of reducing that suffering can’t take the position that it’s all or nothing. We have to be realistic. Screw the principle.”
1. The first quote of the passage intends to show that ________.| A．sushi and steak are both of Hill’s favorite food | B．the vegetarian movements are popular |
| C．Hill isn’t a qualified leader of the vegetarian movement | D．it’s difficult to be a strict vegetarian |
| A．He doesn’t eat meat on weekends. | B．He doesn’t want to be a strict vegetarian. |
| C．He is an environmentalist. | D．He failed to lose weight. |
| A．Part-time vegetarians account for nearly 2.5% of Americans. |
| B．A diet with all vegetables may have no bad effect on health. |
| C．Partial vegetarian is better than strict vegetarian in terms of nutrition. |
| D．Many celebrities are part-time vegetarians. |
| A．people should adhere to a strictly vegetarian diet. |
| B．everybody should act to fight global warming |
| C．partial vegetarian plan works more sensibly |
| D．people shouldn’t stop eating meat for it’s bad for health |
【推荐3】I used to overeat. I’ve never been significantly overweight, so people are surprised to hear this. When you think of overeating, you think of someone who is above their natural weight range, right? Well, I used to purposefully undereat as well. I was able to keep my weight within some control, but only through a lot of physical and mental pain.
Here’s a glimpse(一瞥)into my life as a first-year university student:
Friday: Go to a party and eat a lot of chips. Feel guilty and regretful. Vow(发誓)to wake up and run an extra mile.
Saturday: Run 6 miles, come home and only eat a tiny breakfast. Eat like a bird for the rest of the day. Feel proud of myself.
Sunday: Study and snack on chocolate chips all day. Feel sick.
Monday: Head to class with no snack and no money so that I can’t buy any food. Feel hungry but full of willpower. Go home and overeat at dinner. Feel out of control.
My feelings were changing regularly. I was proud and in control one moment, and then full of regret and out of control the next. It was exhausting.
As I studied nutrition and human anatomy(人体解剖学)in university, I started to learn just how amazing the human body is! The human body is an amazing, self-regulatory system. It knows exactly how much food it needs. When I learned this, my whole world changed. I stopped trying to manage my eating with willpower. Instead of trying to power through my hunger, I would provide my body with healthy foods, so I would feel hungry less often.
This process definitely took some work and reflection, but after a while it became second nature. Eating has become a joyful experience, instead of a source of stress and worry in my life. All my eating is now guilt-free! I shamelessly eat unhealthy snacks without regret. Of course, the majority of my food intake does come from whole, healthy foods that are close to nature.
1. What can we know about the author’s weekly life as a freshman?| A．Run extra mile on Friday. |
| B．Only eat breakfast on Saturday. |
| C．Eating nothing but chips on Sunday. |
| D．Eat nothing with willpower on Monday. |
| A．She exercised in order to lose weight. |
| B．She began to listen to her body’s needs. |
| C．She stopped eating unhealthy food. |
| D．She started to go on a diet. |
| A．Have a balanced diet |
| B．Control your weight |
| C．Enjoy snacks without guilt |
| D．Eating can be a pleasant thing |
| A．By giving instructions. |
| B．By explaininga process. |
| C．By discussing research findings. |
| D．By sharing a personal experience. |
Are You Treated Too Nicely?
A new study found that when trying to build high self-esteem in children, parents may unconsciously be creating little narcissists (自恋狂).
Parents who are always praising their children may be trying to develop high self-esteem.
"
This study, as well as previous studies about parent-child relationships Bushman has worked on, caused him to alter his own parenting style. When he began his research, he thought that children should be treated like they are special by their parents.
"Parent training interventions can, for example, teach parents to express affection and appreciation toward children without telling children that they are superior to others," Bushman said. "Future studies should test whether this can work."
| A．Now he is careful not to follow that model. |
| B．Children whose parents tell them they are special are more likely to become narcissists. |
| C．But actually, they have realized that they are running their children. |
| D．Children believe it when their parents tell them that they are more special than others. |
| E．And he carefully carries out the principle. |
| F．However, the study showed that loving and emotionally warm parents are more likely to have confident kids. |
【推荐2】In July 2017, the American space agency（NASA）admitted to not having enough financial means to send man on Mars for the purpose of exploring it. The news had the effect of a bomb after five years of communication and development for this space exploration project. And yet, a few months before this announcement, the two houses of the US Congress voted a law to guide future NASA tasks. Among these tasks was an inhabited trip to Mars in 2033.
In the meantime, NASA is focusing on the Mars 2020 mission by building its rover （漫游者）, which will be equipped with a series of new scientific instruments. This new machine will also look a lot like Curiosity which landed on the red planet in 2012. The mission Mars 2020 aims to assess the livability of the planet and possibly identify potential tracks of life yesterday and today.
At a recent press conference, former US astronaut Tom Jones announced that NASA’s current budget could not solve some technical problems for 25 years. Thus, it postpones the first inhabited mission of the agency to Mars in 2043. The subject concerned mainly mentioned many damages that will affect the body of astronauts.
Indeed, the trip to Mars could be completed in nine months by considering the current technologies and the moment when the planets are closer to each other. However, periods of weightlessness that are too long may, in particular, cause a lack of calcium. In fact, it influences the bones of astronauts. In addition, this can lead to significant damage of vision.
A quarter of a century is needed to develop new technologies to solve these problems. For example, there is the question of developing nuclear propulsion（推进）systems. Indeed, it could reduce travel times. Finally, there is also the idea of designing something to allow astronauts to hibernate during the trip!
1. What made NASA put off its inhabited mission?| A．A shortage of funds. | B．The living conditions. |
| C．The damage to health. | D．Objection of scientists. |
| A．It has been put off. |
| B．Its aim is to send man to Mars. |
| C．It is to evaluate the possibility for our living. |
| D．Its purpose is for man to walk on Mars. |
| A．The update of new devices. | B．The accuracy of travel times. |
| C．The time to develop technologies. | D．The problems existing nowadays. |
| A．Entertainment. | B．Health. |
| C．Education. | D．Science. |
【推荐3】Insects are disappearing. The world has 25 per cent fewer terrestrial insects now than in 1990. This includes those we rely on to pollinate our crops and clean our rivers. If we don’t solve this problem very soon, some species will disappear.
There are many causes for the insect decline, but insecticides (杀虫剂) are a major part of the problem. Those used today are longer lasting and up to 10,000 times more toxic than some that were banned in the 1970s. Adding to the problem is that these pesticides are now applied to crops prophylactically (预防地) and used whether pests are present or not.
Overall, the amount of pesticide applied to the land is decreasing, but this is a grossly misleading statistic. A recent paper found that, between 2005 and 2015, there was a 40 per cent reduction in the amount of pesticide applied to crops measured by weight. But because modern insecticides are so much more toxic, the global toxicity of treated land to pollinating insects has more than doubled in the same period.
Governments and regulating agencies are aware of the problem, and some parts of the world have moved to ban the use of certain insecticides outdoors in an attempt to help bees survive. But the pesticides used instead are just as toxic.
One often-touted approach is to use pesticide-free pest control methods. These varied techniques are gathered under the name of integrated pest management (IPM) and have been around for decades. They offer effective crop protection and include methods such as crop rotation and the use of natural predators. But their adoption has been incredibly slow, because spraying pesticides is viewed as an easier option. As a result, IPM methods are unfortunately seldom used today
Neither changing insecticides nor shifting to IPM is a quick fix. We argue instead that we need a subtle shift in focus, away from killing pests and towards protecting crops.
By using the minimal dose we need to protect crops, we could reduce the amount of insecticide to a fraction of what is used today. Farmers would benefit from these changes. They would spend less money on pesticides and improve crop production by keeping health pollinator insects about. Reducing insecticide doses won’t solve the insect decline problem but it is a move that could win us time to make food production more sustainable and reconcile (使和谐) farmlands and the natural ecosystems we crucially depend on. And that will allow insects to recover.
1. According to the passage, which of the statements is NOT true about the insect decline?| A．Currently-used pesticides are much more toxic than before. |
| B．Pesticides have played a key role in reducing the number of insects. |
| C．The amount of pesticides used is much more than before. |
| D．The toxicity in pesticides lasts longer than before. |
| A．Broadly-publicized. | B．Recently-created. |
| C．Frequently-criticized. | D．Generally-proved. |
| A．To protect crops rather than killing out insects. |
| B．To raise large-scale natural predators of insects. |
| C．To search and develop new pesticides. |
| D．To shift to the IPM pesticide-controlling method. |
| A．Insects control — there is still a long way to go |
| B．Insects decline! Take measures right now |
| C．New findings in the field of insects control |
| D．Shift in pesticide use could help insects recover |
【推荐1】We’ve all heard of IQ, and EQ, but have you heard of AQ? AQ stands for adversity (逆境) quotient and measures your ability to deal with the ups and downs of life. Being able to handle these rough patches we all go through is not only important in our personal lives but in our professional lives too. So how can we learn to be more resilient?
Adverse situations can take us by surprise and shock us. In the workplace, it could be in the form of firings, the company we work for going under or being restructured, or even missing out on a promotion. Failed friendships and relationships, financial hard times and even deaths are things that can occur outside of work. AQ measures our ability to go through the shocks when life throws curveballs at us —how likely we are to deal with these situations. It can be used to predict our attitudes, perseverance, longevity, and the way we learn from changes in environment.
Luckily, there are some steps you can take to help you be more resilient in the face of adversity. First, try and find a meaningful goal. Adaptable people often have an aim and are able to concentrate more on a desired outcome, seeing negative situations as a bump in the road on the way to achieving their goal. Learning to relax and regulate your emotions is another key step ——one way to help you destress is by practicing breathing exercises. Similarly, thinking about things and letting them get to you can cause you to be stressed. See difficulties more as an opportunity to learn and grow emotionally. Finally, make sure you have a good social support network. Being able to talk with someone about the challenges we face can help.
Things happen in life we can’t prevent ——and sometimes they aren’t pleasant. But, taking a few steps to be more resilient can make them a little easier to get through.
1. What adversities are mentioned that may occur in the workplace?| A．Being punished. | B．Failed relationships |
| C．Missing out on a promotion. | D．The company being maintained. |
| A．They can manage their emotions. |
| B．They can get themselves promoted. |
| C．They can achieve their goals easily. |
| D．They can avoid adversities properly. |
| A．You can concentrate more on a desired result. |
| B．You can forget about the unpleasant situations. |
| C．You can see clearly a bump on the way to success. |
| D．You can completely ignore your negative situations. |
| A．EQ:IQ:AQ | B．How to Be Resilient |
| C．What Is Adversity Quotient | D．Be Brave in Face of Adversity |
【推荐2】Young children are more likely than adults to have their opinions influenced by robots according to a new research. The study, conducted at the University of Plymouth, compared how adults and children respond to an identical task when in the presence of both their peers (同龄人) and robots.
It showed that while adults regularly have their opinions influenced by peers, something also shown in previous studies, they are largely able to resist being persuaded by robots. However, children aged between seven and nine were more likely to give the same responses as the robots, even if they were obviously incorrect.
The study asks people to look at a screen showing four lines and say which two match in length. When alone, people almost never make a mistake but when doing the experiment with others, they tend to follow what others are saying.
When children were alone in the room in this research, they scored 87% on the test, but when the robots joined in, their score dropped to 75%. And of the wrong answers, 74% matched those of the robot.
Professor Belpaeme said, “People often follow the opinions of others and we’ve known for a long time that it is hard to resist taking over views and opinions of people around us. But as robots will soon be found in the home and the workplace, we were wondering if people would follow robots. What our results show is that adults do not follow what the robots are saying. But when we did the experiment with children, they did. It shows children can perhaps have more of an affinity (亲和力) with robots than adults, which does pose the question: What if robots were to suggest, for example, what products to buy or what to think?”
1. What’s the purpose of this passage?| A．To show the results of a research to the readers. |
| B．To persuade the children not to be influenced by robots. |
| C．To warn parents to keep their children away from the robots. |
| D．To compare the responses of kids and adults in the presence of robots. |
| A．Because children were not as clever as adults. |
| B．Because robots performed better than human beings. |
| C．Because robots in the presence made mistakes. |
| D．Because children and robots influenced each other. |
| A．Children are likely to be affected both by their peers and robots. |
| B．Children are more likely to be influenced by robots in comparison with adults. |
| C．Children consider robots as friends and are too willing to learn from them. |
| D．Children take over robots’ views easily because robots are smarter than them. |
| A．He is optimistic about the result. | B．He is worried about the future. |
| C．He doesn’t care about the result. | D．He doubts the result of the research. |
| A．how robots give suggestions to children | B．what adults should do to avoid the problem |
| C．why children tend to be influenced by robots | D．what will be done to solve the problems |
The TV shows like “Children are hard to support!”, “Where are we going, Dad?”, “hot mom” and “cute kids” are becoming more and more popular. All of these show the new parents’ confusion in children’s education and the appeal for the balance between career and family.
In real life, on the one hand, the young parents feel helpless because they are too busy to accompany their children under the pressures of work and life; on the other hand, they continue to do so. The data collected by HNTV show that nearly two-thirds of their audience are female, among whom 36% are aged from 25 to 34. We can imagine such a scene that one evening a young mother is watching the show with her young children, while her husband is still at work or trapped in socializing, or maybe is just playing computer games in the bedroom. The story of a child without the company of father is still going on. In fact, it is sometimes the same to mothers. In a modern family, it is often the old who take the responsibility for raising a child. The participation of mother in the children’s education is also very low.
It is just this kind of confusion where the parents have gone in the modern family education, and where the parents will guide their children to go that “Where are we going, Dad?” shows us. If a child wants to grow up healthily and safely into a modern citizen with independent personality and free spirit, it is very important for him or her to follow the parents who serve as their first teacher. Maybe this is the real reason why such kind of TV programs could get hot. The truth is that children will go where their parents go, and society will go where the children go.
1. Which of the following can be inferred in the passage?
| A．Parents shouldn’t entirely leave the education of children to the old. |
| B．36% of the audience of the program are female aged from 25-34. |
| C．The program shows us the confusion where the parents and children will go to play. |
| D．In a modern family it is often mothers who are responsible for raising a child. |
| A．play computer games with their children |
| B．break down the barrier between children and teachers |
| C．balance well between family and career |
| D．keep their children at home to avoid socializing |
| A．Optimistic. | B．Proud. |
| C．Negative. | D．Worried |
| A．Confusion behind “Where are we going, dad?” |
| B．Modern Education is Important |
| C．Nanny Daddy and Cute Kids |
| D．New Problems in Modern Children’s Education |
