【推荐2】Parents of children and teens who play football may worry about their bodies getting injury. Younger football players have the lowest chance of injury.     1     Therefore, it’s necessary for players to know the rules of playing football whether they are young or old. The following can be used to reduce the chance of injuries while players are still enjoying the game.

    2     The American Academy of Pediatrics advises players and their families talk about whether the risks of injury outweighs the benefits of playing football. Football has many benefits, including regular exercise, learning to be part of a team,and social growth and development. Families who decide to play can take steps to reduce the chances of serious injury.

Play by the rules. When players know the rules of the game—what’s legal and what’s not—fewer injuries happen.     3     For example, players should know that in football they can’t come from behind, crash into a player’s legs, and steal the ball. It’s legal and safer to go after the ball rather than the player.

Wear legal equipment.     4     Because illegal equipment leads to serious injuries of the head and neck. It’s also the leading cause of severe injuries in football,but remember the protection of legal equipment doesn’t depend on its quantity.

Get good training. Players should learn the right way to use a tackle (装备).     5     Correct training could lower injury for younger players. Older players could be at a greater risk of injury if they first learn to use tackle and never learn the correct skill.

A．Take steps to lower football injury.

B．Weigh the risks and benefits.

C．The more legal equipment players wear, the less injury they will get.

D．Legal equipment can give football players important protection.

E．Players should know what to expect from each other.

F．Doing this and practicing the skills often make sure players are correctly trained.

G．As players get older, stronger and faster, the chance of injury goes up.

【推荐3】New restaurants, galleries, temples and new architecture…These places are homes for people like us who live and work there. How would you want visitors to behave in your own home? Think about it.    1    There are many ways of doing this without sacrificing our own holiday.

Do your homework    2    Guides will help you when you get to site, but is that the best place to go? Is it popular only because the one-day tourist can see it easily or because it is really a worthwhile place to visit? You’d better check it out.

    3    Don’t go to your hotels for meals. Walk around, even if in the streets closest to your hotel. Eat in local restaurants.Talk to the locals. Learn a few in the local language and use them. You will surely get a smile from the hotel staff and street sellers .

Help preserve the sites. Most of the sites you visit may be visited by millions of people a year, so care needs to be taken to allow others to enjoy them as well. Some of these monuments are so old and fragile that they are sensitive to the touch of hands or bags and shows.    4    This way, you don’t encourage the use of those plastic bags that fly all over many sites.

And here’s the big one—good manners are nearly universal.    5    If that doesn’t sound like you, then give the world a break and stay home.

A．Experience the place.

B．Always have a cloth bag with you .

C．Read up on the places you want to visit.

D．Try to buy something from the local stores.

E．A good tourist is polite, positive and eco-sensitive.

F．We’ve cleaned up after ourselves and taken only good memories.

G．If we are good tourists, wherever we go, we try to make it a little better because of our visit.

【推荐1】Many of you should not own dogs. It’s that simple. The reason is that, if you own a dog, you must train a dog, and many dog owners out there, it is safe to say, have little or no control over their dogs, because they do not train them.

Strong words? Maybe. But they are simple, honest words, as untrained dogs living in residential neighborhoods bark at will, run loose, and visit and damage neighboring properties with their owners’ blessings as they let them run on purpose.

Take note of the fact that you, the dog owner, cannot control your dog causing a continual nuisance（麻烦事）that damages the quality of life in your neighborhood. There’s nothing more annoying to most people than a dog that barks and nothing more confusing than trying to understand the deficient（有缺陷的）mentality of the dog owner who allows his dog to do so.

After all, the irresponsible dog owner hears the barking too, and so those who must put up with it are continually left wondering-what are they thinking, are they deaf?

Many dog owners believe it is not possible for their dog to be trained, an indication that the owners themselves lack self discipline, and most likely have never really tried to apply discipline to other issues in their lives, not with consistency, or that they are simply lazy and inattentive(疏忽的) to their own adult responsibilities at the expense of others.

Irresponsible dog owners, though, do train their dogs. A dog is a reflection of its owner. Whatever a dog does (run loose, bark at will, jump on guests entering the front door, soil neighboring lawns) is a result of the decisions of the owner. The choice not to do something is indeed a choice.

The good news is that with mere consistency(一致性), a dog can be trained rather quickly, in a couple of weeks if the owner takes his responsibility seriously. Again, that process will be a reflection of the owner’s behavior, and the primary ingredient(要素) in that behavior is not allowing the dog, not even once, to repeat the bad behavior without consequences when told and directed not to. You can stop your dog from barking with simple firm voice commands, direct eye contact, and force of will in a relatively short time, as long as you are consistent and a reasonably mature person.

Dogs, what’s more, love this training because pleasing you, their owner, is what they are all about. The upshot(结果，要点) will be that you have a more connected relationship you’re your dog, a better dog that is suitable for its environment.

1. Which is NOT the reason for dog owners to have little or no control over their dogs?

A．They are lazy and unwilling to train their dogs.

B．They think their dogs can act well without training.

C．They lack self-control over many issues in daily life.

D．They don't give enough attention to their responsibilities.

2. What's the author's attitude towards owners of untrained dogs?

A．Prejudiced.

B．Unclear.

C．Disapproving.

D．Curious.

3. This article is mainly written to __________.

A．instruct dog owners how to train dogs

B．call on dog owners to train their dogs

C．sing high praise for responsible dog owners

D．analyze the relationship between dog owners and their dogs

4. It can be concluded from the passage that _________.

A．responsible dog owners can put up with dogs’ barking

B．irresponsible dog owners train their dogs to do something wrong on purpose

C．we should not own dogs because they can damage the quality of our daily life

D．whether a dog can be trained properly may depend on the dog owner's behavior

【推荐2】       With the development of society and economy, animals and their habitats are getting pushed aside as households decrease in size and increase in number.

Small numbers of people per household on average use more energy and goods per person. Greater numbers of households require more natural resources for construction. The possible result of this problem may be insufficient natural resources to meet consumer demand without endangering habitats important to biodiversity.

Personal freedom and social choice may come at huge environmental cost. Direct costs include visible damage to animal habitats and plant life. Indirect costs include the release of more greenhouse gases.

The effects of such “personal freedom and social choice” have already surfaced in south-west China’s Wolong Nature Reserve. In Wolong, they found that a reduced average household size was directly tied to an increase in homes, and thus an increase in the amount of firewood consumed for cooking and heating. The rise in wood fuel use has contributed to disappearance of forests and to the loss of habitats for giant pandas.

Curious about whether other parts of the world were experiencing similar phenomena, they got the support of a team of researchers including Stanford’s Paul Ehrlich, well-known for his population studies, to find out the household dynamics in 141 countries between 1985 and 2000. Their study proved that the difficult choice of Wolong is part of a global trend.

In the 76 countries considered biodiversity “hotspots”, such as the United States, Brazil, Australia, and Kenya, the number of households grew by 3.1% every year, while the population increased just 1.8%. Meanwhile, the number of people per home dropped from 4.7 to 4.0. The decline in household size has resulted in 155 million additional households in hotspot countries, almost always limiting biodiversity.

In the 10 non-hotspot countries — those without high-density areas of animal and plant species — similar results were found, though on a lesser scale. Even in countries experiencing population decline, such as New Zealand, the number of households still increased because of a reduction in household size.

1. What does the underlined word “insufficient” mean?

A．Plenty of.

B．Not enough.

C．Abundant.

D．Little.

2. It can be learned from the passage that China’s Wolong Nature Reserve__________.

A．is facing the same threat as many other parts of the world

B．sets a good example in protecting animals

C．is a place where giant pandas and their habitats are not affected

D．is a place where animals and their habitats are seriously damaged

3. Which of the following is best supported by the last two paragraphs?

A．Biodiversity is better kept in countries with smaller populations.

B．Biodiversity is better kept in hotspot countries.

C．The threat to nature from reduction in household size is a worldwide problem.

D．Both hotspot countries and non-hotspot countries face the threat of the same scale.

4. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．Reduced household size leads to an increase in household number.

B．Modern homes consume more natural resources.

C．How to meet consumer demand without endangering animals and their habitats.

D．Reduction in household size as well as increase in household number threatens nature.

【推荐3】At the beginning of the 20th century there were more than a million lions worldwide.Today there are less than 30,000 in the wild.The remaining lions are increasingly threatened by habitat loss，hunting activities to protect farms and cattle.

For generations，Masai tribesmen on the large African plains in southeastern Kenya have hunted lions—to protect their farms and cattle.Today they celebrate the lions’ life.

Noah is an elder in the Masai community.“We have decided as a community of the Masai to lay down our spears，and there will be no more killing of lions in our community.” He is part of a group of Masai visiting the United States promoting (推广) the Predator (捕食性动物) Compensation Program.

Conservation International’s Frank Hawkins explains，“The Masai have been living with wildlife for many generations and it has been a conflicting relationship in many ways.They compete with the animals for food as lions eat their cattle.We’re trying to find ways in which the wildlife will become something useful to them.” They had the Predator Compensation Fund founded in 2003.After much discussion，a group of Masai farmers agreed to protect lions.In turn，if lions or other predators kill their cattle，the Masai owner will be paid market value for the dead animals from the fund.

One man said that in the past，when a lion killed cattle，they killed it on the spot.And now，after the start of the program，the Masai see the lion population growing.Since 2003，only four lions have been killed here.

1. What is this passage mainly about?

A．The wildlife in the world.

B．Lions and the Masai.

C．The reason why lions are killed.

D．The living ways of the Masai.

2. What is the aim of the Predator Compensation Program?

A．To protect people in the wild.

B．To help the Masai protect their farms and cattle.

C．To protect lions only.

D．To protect the wildlife.

3. Masai tribesmen killed lions before 2003 ______.

A．because lions were dangerous for people there

B．because dead lions were worth a lot of money

C．because they wanted lions’ meat

D．because they wanted to protect their farms and cattle

4. According to the passage，why haven’t Masai tribesmen killed many lions since 2003?

A．Because lions don’t eat their cattle any more.

B．Because they will be fined if they kill lions there.

C．Because if a lion kills their cattle，they will be paid for the dead animals from the fund.

D．Because there are less than 30,000 lions in the wild now.

5. What do you think of the Masai?

A．Reasonable.	B．Cruel.
C．Poor.	D．Stupid.