Now it seems that more and more animals are showing up in cities where we would not expect them to. But scientists have learned that some species do better in cities. Take peregrine falcons (游隼) for example. They use tall city buildings to make homes, man-made lighting to hunt at night, and warm air currents created when the sun beats down on city surfaces to fly with less effort.
Some animals adapt well to city life, and some do not. For example, squirrels (松鼠) do amazingly well living in cities, while wolves have never seemed to get the hang of it. Usually, animals that eat a lot of different things, called generalists, do much better in cities than specialists, which eat one specific kind of food. Smaller animals are also more likely to live in cities than bigger animals. Some people believe animals that do well in cities might be smarter than the ones that do not, but more research is needed on this.
Many animals have even learned cool tricks to live in cities, and these behaviors help them find more food or mates (伴侣), or avoid people. To learn about these behaviors, we use recording devices to spot animals, microphones to record their sounds, and tracking equipment to follow them. Scientists use many different tools to study what animals eat, how healthy they are, how they compete with each other, and more.
Humans are turning the planet into cities and farms, which does not leave many other places for most wildlife to live in. So, what can we do? At home, we can cover our garbage carefully because it is not good for wild animals. We can also plant some native plants that wildlife might like. Seeing animals in a city, we can give them space and watch them from far away. We could also try some creative things like green roofs where birds and insects can live in.
To do that, we need to know what kind of habitats different species need, and how to prevent human-wildlife conflicts. We still have a lot to learn.
1. How does the author develop paragraph 1?A.By providing statistical data. | B.By making a comparison. |
C.By giving an example. | D.By stating arguments. |
A.Those with close mates. | B.Those with long diet lists. |
C.Those with fast movement. | D.Those with high intelligence. |
A.Restrict urban and agricultural development. |
B.Make our cities wildlife-friendly. |
C.Plant new varieties of plants. |
D.Sort our garbage carefully. |
A.In a short story. | B.In a health journal. |
C.In a business report. | D.In a science magazine. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】A group of wandering wild elephants have become an overnight Internet sensation in China and globally.
While the original group is made up of 16 elephants, two decided to return home after a week. The rest have continued their journey northward, stopping only for a short break in November 2020 to allow a newly-born elephant and its mother to recover.
Since leaving the reserve, the elephants have walked over 500 kilometers. Along the way, they have entered farms for food and water, walked through urban streets, and even paid a visit to a car dealership and a retirement home. No animals or people have been hurt. However, they have destroyed more than $1 million worth of crops.
Researchers are not sure why the elephants decided to leave or where they are headed. While they are known to leave their habitats in search of food, this is the longest migration of wild elephants recorded in China. Because of the extreme distance traveled, some guess that the elephants may be lost. Elephant expert Chen Mingyong said that the herd's leader possibly "lacks experience and has led the whole group off track."
However, other scientists think the elephants were forced to move due to deforestation(砍伐森林), Successful conservation efforts have almost doubled the elephant population in the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve and the surrounding regions. However, their natural habitat has been greatly reduced to make room for agricultural development.
"As their populations increase, they search for more food for the growing herd," Becky Shu Chen said. "You could say that the increase in agricultural land and plantations in their region is, for elephants, like finding a big sweet shop, right on their doorstep.”
The wandering herd's search for a suitable home has not gone unnoticed by the millions of locals That eagerly follow their daily movements on social media. Adam Chang, assigned to deliver food to the elephants, says, "Before this meeting, I just felt curious about animals. Now. I think I would volunteer in animal rights groups to preserve those giant creatures."
1. Why did the wild elephants stop temporarily in November 2020?A.To look for food and water at a farm. | B.To enjoy the beauty of the urban streets. |
C.To have a rest after travelling over 500 kilometers. | D.To wait for a baby elephant and its mom to recover. |
A.The reduction of their habitats. | B.The loss of direction sense. |
C.The poor conversation measures. | D.The development of agriculture. |
A.They are helped by locals to find a suitable home. | B.They are annoyed by being followed each day. |
C.They raise people's awareness of animal protection. | D.They have the rights to move around freely. |
A.China's Wild Elephants Are Always on the Move | B.China's Wild Elephants Are Touring Through Cities |
C.China's Wandering Wild Elephants Attract the World | D.China's Wandering Elephants Are Losing Their Way |
【推荐2】The 5-year-old mountain lion, P-45, has managed to cross busy roads safely, has avoided rat poison and has successfully claimed his territory (领地) under all challenges that have hindered other members of the mountain lion population in the Santa Monica Mountain. His deadly mistake, however, was doing what mountain lions naturally do so well: killing and eating.
Over the weekend, P-45 apparently broke into two farms, killing 10 alpacas(羊驼) at one property and a goat and an alpaca at the other. P-45 was identified as the criminal by a tracking device he wears.
It’s illegal to hunt mountain lions in California thanks to 1990’s Proposition 117, but the rule included an exception for residents whose livestock is killed by a lion. And on Nov. 28, the owner of the 10 dead alpacas requested and received a special “depredation permit” (掠夺许可)to hire a hunter to kill P-45. The 10-day permit allows the hunter to cover a 10-mile range around the farm in search of the lion. Hunters often attract the lion with a deer.
The farmer owner is within her legal rights to have the lion killed. But killing P-45 is not the answer, especially when he is one of the few adult male mountain lions in an isolated population that is at risk of extinction.
Of course, people should be allowed to protect themselves and their children if a mountain lion attacks. But the law that allows the issuance of the depredation permit essentially gives the livestock owner the right to decide whether the lion should live or die. There is no evaluation by wildlife official as to whether the lion poses a further threat to humans or animals.
Los Angeles residents are lucky to live near wild, open spaces large enough to sustain mountain lions. Surely there is a better way to manage the conflicts that arise when humans and their domestic animals move into areas that have long served as habitat for wildlife.
1. What does the underlined word “hindered” refer to in the first paragraph?A.blocked. | B.killed. |
C.protected. | D.surrounded. |
A.Lions feed only on deer. |
B.P-45 will be killed on Nov. 28. |
C.P-45 will be found10 miles around the farm in 10 days. |
D.Lions in California can not be hunted at will. |
A.Residents can live with lions peacefully. |
B.The mountain lion’s situation will probably be worsened. |
C.The conflict between man and lions can be solved. |
D.Lions will not be a further threat to humans or animals. |
A.Objective. | B.Supportive. |
C.Opposed. | D.Uninterested. |
【推荐3】With pet ownership becoming more popular, being saddened by the loss of a beloved pet is becoming a terrible headache. Li Peng, a woolen felt (织物) craftswoman, has found a unique way to preserve the memory of dead pets by creating realistic woolen images.
Li’s journey into this craft is accidental. During her college years, she majored in e-commerce and worked part time at a pet store. One day, while visiting a website, she came upon a small fox made entirely of wool. Astonished at its delicacy, she set off on a self-taught journey in this art form. In late 2019, Li Peng made the firm decision to start her own business and pursue wool felting as a full-time profession.
While a video showcasing the work may only take a few minutes to watch, the actual process is far more intricate. The three-dimensional creations feature genuine fur, lifelike glass eyes and tiny whiskers (胡须), each one individually secured by hand. To achieve a vivid effect, she repeatedly sticks layers of wool with a needle, winding the loose fibers together to create solid felted shapes. The key is massive patience.
The handcrafted creations satisfy her desire to convey love. The majority of her customers are pet owners who have experienced the loss of their beloved companions. They send Li photographs and even their pets’ hair, hoping to freeze the appearance of their furry friends through her wool felting models. Fascinated by the deep bond between people and their pets, she is committed to grabbing and investing these emotions in her artworks. And it turns out that the career is a success. Orders are often scheduled for one year later, and she has gained substantial attention through social media.
Reflecting on her work, Li expresses her desire to create meaningful pieces using the warm material, offering a heartfelt gift of warmth to the beautiful souls of this world.
1. What inspired Li Peng to take up wool felting as a career?A.A temporary job at a pet shop. | B.Her self-study art course. |
C.A discovery of an alternative to fiber. | D.A woolen creation online. |
A.Confusing. | B.Efficient. | C.Complicated. | D.Effortless. |
A.Conservationists of animal rights. | B.Individuals fond of furry toys. |
C.Distributors providing personalized service. | D.People suffering from pet loss. |
A.Fair product pricing. | B.Human-pet attachment. |
C.Smart network marketing. | D.Hunger for a fine reputation. |
【推荐1】Scientists from around the world examined whether supplements marketed are good for brain health, particularly in those aged over 50. Despite the claims of some supplements that they could improve cognitive (认知的)skills, no clear evidence was found to back this up.
The report said, "For the handful that have been researched, several well-designed studies of supplements for brain health found no benefit in people with normal nutrient levels. It's unclear whether people who lack nutrition can benefit their brains by taking a supplement. The pills failed to protect against dementia (痴呆)and did not slow the process or improve the symptoms of the disease and the report said that a healthy diet rich in fruit and vegetables, being physically active and getting sufficient sleep were linked to better brain function. ”
The value of the food supplement market in Britain is expected to reach more than £1 billion by 2012 and supplements sold on the high street for brain performance cost up to £26 for 60 pills. And Caroline Abrahams, the charity director at Age UK said that people were better off spending money to improve diets.
The report did find evidence suggesting that supplements could benefit people diagnosed with lacking vitamin. It added that these should only be taken if advised by a doctor because some supplements could interact with medicines or contain high levels of nutrients, which could be deadly. Supplements were not strictly controlled in the way that medicines were and may not contain high-quality ingredients or what was on the label, the report said.
The Health Food Manufacturers' Association, which represents the British supplement industry, said that the report was based on the American market. In Britain products could only make claims approved by the European Food Safety Authority, such as the zinc (锌)contributed to normal cognitive functions, a spokesman said.
1. What is the finding of the scientists about the supplements?A.They bring about no positive effect. | B.They break the balance of normal life. |
C.They get people to get addicted to them. | D.They are hardly suitable for the younger. |
A.be aware of their needs clearly | B.change their daily diets regularly |
C.take control of the market strictly | D.make use of their money properly |
A.Follow professional suggestions. |
B.Be sure of the vitamins they lack. |
C.Refer to the instructions of the labels. |
D.Avoid taking together with other medicines. |
A.Annoying. | B.Unacceptable. |
C.Worrying. | D.Favorable. |
【推荐2】Optimism (乐观) doesn’t mean paying no attention to things that cause stress. But when bad things happen, optimistic people are less likely to be unhappy about themselves and more likely to see the bad things as something that lasts a short time.
A new research has found a direct connection between optimism and healthier diet and exercise behaviors, as well as better heart health, a stronger immune system (免疫系统), better lung function, and lower death risk. “Optimistic people, regardless of sex, often have goals and the confidence to reach them,” Lee said. “Those goals could include healthy habits that contribute to a longer life.”
Studies find only about 25% of our optimism is controlled by our genes (基因), and the rest is up to us. It turns out we can actually train our brain to be more positive. Researchers studied the brains of monks (僧侣) and found surprising results: Tens of thousands of hours of meditation(冥思) had changed the function (机能) of their brains, which support positive qualities. And that may be key in producing the effect on the body.
There are simple mental exercises to develop an optimistic attitude. One of the most effective ways to increase optimism is called the “Best Possible Self” method. That is to imagine ourselves in a future in which we have achieved all our life goals. And keeping a diary in which we list the positive experiences we had can also help shape our attitude. Taking a few minutes each day to write down what makes us thankful can improve our view on life, too.
1. What is the meaning of Lee’s words?A.Goals can lead to confidence. |
B.Better lung function lowers death risk. |
C.Optimism is connected with length of life. |
D.Sex should be taken into consideration when studying optimism. |
A.To lengthen their life. |
B.To improve their brains’ function. |
C.To prove optimism can be learned. |
D.To show genes’ connection with optimism. |
A.How to be a positive person. | B.How to make people thankful. |
C.What to write about in a diary. | D.What to do to achieve the goals. |
A.A science magazine. | B.A guidebook. |
C.A novel. | D.A diary. |
【推荐3】For many of us, chores(家务活) were the poison of our childhood—something to hate our moms and dads for making us suffer through before we were allowed to play the game Super Smash Bros: Melee with our big brother. But it turns out that we might owe our parents an apology for all those complaints about washing the dishes.
A new study, published in the journal Australian Occupational Therapy, has suggested that being made to do chores on a regular basis might have improved your executive(执行) functioning—your working memory, ability to think flexibly and self-control. It may even have improved your academic performance.
That’s the conclusion from a survey of more than 200 parents and guardians of children aged between 5 and 13. Caregivers were asked about their children’s chores—what they did, who they were for (themselves, their family, or pets, for example), and of course, whether they actually completed these tasks. Then, the researchers analyzed the data using statistical tests to establish whether helping out around the house was related to executive function.
“Parents may be able to use ability-appropriate chores to facilitate the development of executive functions,” Deanna Tepper, a PhD student at La Trobe University and lead author of the study, said in a statement, “Children who cook a family meal or weed the garden on a regular basis maybe more likely to excel in other aspects of life—like schoolwork or problem solving.”
While the survey did have several confinements—it didn’t account for the socioeconomic background of the children, for example, which is known to be related to both executive function and the levels of household chores children are expected to perform the results nevertheless have some deep implications. Executive functions are critical to initiating goal-directed behaviors and the researchers believe their study may open new avenues for children and adults hoping to improve this area of cognition(认知).
1. What is the benefit of kids doing chores?A.It can promote their learning achievement. |
B.It can assist them in learning social skills. |
C.It can establish a good parent-child relationship. |
D.It can help them make great use of their spare time. |
A.By encouraging kids to engage in appropriate chores. |
B.By setting an example with parents’ own conduct, |
C.By forcing their child to do housework at anytime, |
D.By controlling the kid’s learning activities and routines. |
A.Potentialities. | B.Advantages. | C.Consequences. | D.Limitations. |
A.Fitness. | B.Economy. | C.Amusement. | D.Psychology. |
【推荐1】We are what we eat. From calorie-inducing meals to low-fat lunches, much of our health depends on what we eat. We know about the benefits of eating properly for our physical well-being, but food-and cooking it-is proving to be good for our mental well-being as well.
Many professionals are now advocating the therapeutic value of cooking food. It’s not just about the end result but the experience someone goes through. Dr Mark Salter, a consultant psychiatrist, said, “Baking and cooking are good therapies that help patients develop planning skills, short-term memory and social skills, all of which suffer in mental illness.”
TV chef and author Nadiya Hussain agrees that cooking is great for helping our mind. She loves to bake and became the champion of the TV show, The Great British Bake Off. She says that “Baking’s always been about therapy. It’s never really been about the cake. ” And she thinks that baking is an important tool for our socialization and mental health.
Certainly, creating some delicious food has helped us get through the recent lockdown. People have said that kneading dough (揉面团) to make bread, for example, has given them a sense of calm and control when they feel lonely and depressed. Research has shown that doing creative tasks, like cooking, makes us feel happier. Nicole Farmer, who studies how food impacts our biology, behavior and mental health, said, “cooking represents the shared human experience of food, and nurturing people through food, so I think that’s where it incorporates opportunities for immediate positive emotions.”
Of course, cooking can be a very sociable activity and sharing the end result can be a rewarding experience. We can enjoy its benefits and let go of anxiety and depression.
1. How does the author prove his point of view?A.By making comparisons. | B.By giving examples. |
C.By making logical reasoning. | D.By listing numbers. |
A.Creating food benefits us physically. |
B.Kneading dough makes us feel delightful. |
C.Cooking is linked with delayed positive emotions. |
D.Cooking helps us feel positive during the lockdown. |
A.Science fiction. | B.Cooking guide. |
C.Health magazine. | D.Psychological textbook. |
【推荐2】Caviar (鱼子酱) is typically associated with sturgeons swimming in the Caspian Sea, but the Mexican version is made from the tiny eggs of ahuautle, an insect also known as “bird fly”. For Juan, a farmer, cultivating and collecting the tiny insect eggs known as ahuautle is a way of life. “It means tradition,” said Juan, one of the only six people known to still harvest ahuautle. They fear they may be the last.
The painstaking collection of “Mexican caviar” is threatened by the drying out of Lake Texcoco, development around the lakeshore and decreasing interest in the ingredient among younger generations. The dish’s survival is seen as an example of “community resistance”, similar to the way in which inhabitants around Lake Texcoco have managed to preserve other traditions, festivals and ceremonies.
For Juan, it’s hard. Dressed in shorts and rubber boots, Juan walks with an effort through the calf-high waters to collect pine branches he has pushed into the muddy lakebed the week before. The branches serve as an anchor for the bird-fly bugs to deposit their eggs. After about two hours, Juan has gathered a pile of sticks covered with thousands of bird-fly eggs. He returns to the edge of the lake to lay the sticks out to dry in the sun, which can take several hours or days, depending on the weather.
“Eating this is like revisiting the past,” said restaurant owner Guerrero, 61. He says the flavor of the ahuautle reminds him of his childhood. But Guerrero acknowledges that “Mexican caviar” is at risk of disappearing because younger generations aren’t familiar with the dish, and ever-fewer people harvest it in the scarce remaining lakes where it is found.
Edday, an entomologist (昆虫学家), said there are more than 430 species of eatable insects in Mexico. He said native people living around the lakes adopted the insect eggs as a source of protein because prior to the Spanish conquest of 1521, they had few domesticated (驯养的) animals. But now, Edday said, the dish “is associated with the countryside, perhaps with poverty, as if it were an undesirable protein.”
1. What is a cause of the decline of the dish in Mexico?A.Expansion of the lakeshore. | B.Difficulty in cooking the dish. |
C.Young diners’ lack of interest. | D.Overexploitation of the ingredient. |
A.To help collect ahuautle. | B.To help dry sticks in the sun. |
C.To protect the edge of the lake. | D.To be an anchor for farmers working there. |
A.Why ahuautle is a good source of protein. |
B.Why Mexicans should give up eating insects. |
C.Why ahuautle was popular in the past but not now. |
D.Why Mexicans prefer to eat insects rather than animals. |
A.A popular traditional pet in Mexico. | B.A way of harvesting ahuautle easily. |
C.A current social phenomenon in Mexico. | D.An attempt to preserve Mexican tradition. |
【推荐3】As we all know, insects can be remarkably agile (灵活的) in flight. This is really hard to build into flying robots, but MIT Assistant Professor Kevin Yufeng Chen has developed an insect-sized drone (无人机) that approaches insects’ agility.
Typically, drones require wide open spaces. “If we look at most drones today, they’re usually quite big,” says Chen. “Most of their applications involve flying outdoors. The question is: Can you create an insect-sized drone that can move around in very crowded and complex spaces?”
According to Chen, he overcame many problems when building the drone. The insect-sized drone requires a fundamentally different construction from a larger one. The large drone is usually powered by a motor, but the motor loses efficiency as you shrink it. So, Chen says, “For an insect-sized drone, you need to look for alternatives.” The principal alternative until now has been employing a small, rigid actuator (执行器) built from new materials. Chen designed a more agile tiny drone using soft actuators instead of hard ones.
Each actuator can beat nearly 500 times per second and weighs just 0.6 gram, approximately the mass of a large bee. It gives the drone insect-like agility. “You can hit it when it’s flying, and it can recover,” says Chen. “It can also turn over in the air.” The drone looks a bit like a tiny cassette tape with wings, though Chen is also working on a new one shaped like a dragonfly.
Chen says his drone can be useful in industry and agriculture. It can perform machinery inspections to ensure safety and function. Its potential applications include completing search-and-rescue missions following a disaster. “All those things can be very difficult for existing large-scale drones,” Chen explains.
1. What can we know about the actuator designed by Chen?A.It weighs about six grams. |
B.It drives the insect-sized drone. |
C.It loses efficiency too much. |
D.It employs conventional materials. |
A.Easy. | B.Costly. | C.Fruitless. | D.Challenging. |
A.Its safety standards. | B.Its flying range. |
C.Its possible applications. | D.Its design principle. |
A.An Insect-like Small Drone |
B.The Future of Insect-sized Drones |
C.How Drones Will Change the Agriculture |
D.What Challenge Drone Development Faces |