Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations. They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago.
Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none.
Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic ones. They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They did not have milk or any other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains.
A.Modern people used to suffer from “diseases of civilization”. |
B.People today probably don’t want to live like our ancestors. |
C.These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times. |
D.Ancient people also got lots of physical exercise. |
E.In that case, they would live much healthier. |
F.But today, we enjoy eating a lot of these. |
G.Stone Age people lived a simple life. |
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【推荐1】What would happen if you replace all drinks with water?
We all know what harmful drinks can cause: obesity, heart problems, stomach pain, skin diseases, caries. This list sounds so scary.
Chris Bailey, a popular blogger and lecturer, carried out a month-long research about this topic. His conclusion is really impressive and surprising!
You lose weight faster.
Yes, you do! No special diet is required! You replace all drinks with water for 9 days, and you'll lose as equal amount of calories as when jogging for eight kilometers a day!
You speed up your metabolism.
Drinking just 17 fluid ounces (盎司) of water in the morning increases your metabolism (新陈代谢) by 24 percent.
Your brain works better.
Did you know your brain is 75 to 85 percent water? Nothing else, just water! So by drinking, you feel it, which helps you concentrate. Drink water to work more efficiently, cope with all daily tasks quickly, and stay energized even late in the evening! Doesn't this sound like a dream?
You eat less.
Sometimes we confuse hunger with thirst.
Your body releases toxins faster.
Water washes out harmful substances, clearing, moistening your skin and preventing aging. Want to look young and fresh as long as possible? Drink a glass of water right now.
Five glasses of water a day lower the risk of a heart attack by 41 percent! And there are similar effects on other diseases like bladder conditions, bowel cancer…Want to avoid wasting money on doctors? Just drink more water!
You save a lot of money
How much money do you spend on coffee and juices per week? Well. I don't want to say how much I do because my spending is massive. The price of water is much lower than that of other drinks Think about it!
A.Your heart works better. |
B.Your risk of many diseases gets lower. |
C.But what if we completely replace all drinks with water? |
D.Write it down on your calendar: Drink plenty of water every day! |
E.This seems to be a great way to stay slim without much effort. |
F.Water prevents you from feeling hungry, which helps you lose weight. |
G.Namely, if you suddenly want to eat something high in calorie, maybe all you need is just a glass of water. |
【推荐2】If you're feeling hungry, what’s the easiest way to satisfy your Hunger? Many of Us will reach for a takeaway menu and order some delicious-but possibly unhealthy -food. And our increasingly hectic lives add to our need to buy ready-made food because we always have no time or energy to cook on our own.
Eating options are endless, and new technology means we can feed our desire at the push of a button. Takeaway delivery apps make ordering food quick and convenient. It's estimated that in the UK alone, people eat three million takeaway meals a day, and the three biggest delivery apps together offer a choice of 100 foods from 60,000 restaurants. Amelia Brophy, head of UK Data Products at YouGov, told the BBC that its research suggests that the frequency of takeaways ordered is expected to increase in the future.
It’s no wonder we are tempted to skip the grocery shopping, bypass the kitchen, and tuck into something that someone else has prepared. But ordering a pizza, a spicy curry or a box of noodles, can come at a price both financially and to our health. Eating too much processed and unhealthy fast food has some effect on obesity and the risk of developing certain diseases. A few years ago, the BBC Good Food Nation Survey found most people eating fast food on average two days per week gradually putting on weight.
Of course, reducing salt, sugar and fat is one way to make takeaway food healthier, as well as offering smaller portion sizes. But the best advice for you is to find a recipe book and try making your own nutritious meals. And if you haven't got time, try ordering a healthier alternative from the menu.
1. What does the underlined word “hectic” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Abnormal. | B.Busy. | C.Irregular. | D.Social. |
A.The various food. |
B.Their delicious taste. |
C.Their relatively low price. |
D.The advanced technology. |
A.Takeaway foods may do harm to health. |
B.Takeaway foods make people light-hearted. |
C.Pizza and noodles are the most popular takeaway foods. |
D.The UK has the largest number of people ordering takeaway foods. |
A.To give readers some suggestions. |
B.To offer readers an alternative menu. |
C.To find the reason for ordering takeaway foods. |
D.To choose the best way of making nutritious meals. |
【推荐3】We all know that eating junk food can make us fat. However, a new study suggests that it can do more than that—it can also make us lazy.
In the study, researchers at the University of California, divided 32 female rats into two groups. The first group was fed a diet of healthy food such as corn and fish, while the second was given a diet of highly processed food rich in sugar, namely “junk food”.
Within three months, the rats in the second group were already much fatter than those on the healthy diet. And when researchers trained the rats to do simple tasks, they found even more differences between the two groups rather than weight.
During the task—pushing a lever (杠杆) to receive a reward of sugar water—the rats on the junk food diet were found to be less willing to move, and they took longer breaks between each push than the lean (瘦的) rats did.
“It is as if the rat is thinking ‘This is too much work’,” Aaron Blaisdell, leader of the study.
But what about the possibility that the fat rats were less passionate about getting sugar water because they were already eating lots of sugar in their daily diet? That’s why researchers repeated the tests by rewarding fat rats with plain water when they were extremely thirsty. However, the results came out just the same.
The experiment didn’t end there. After six months, the rats’ diets were switched, and the overweight rats were given a healthy diet for nine days. However, this change didn’t help reduce their weight or improve their ability to perform tasks, which means the effects of their junk food diet continued. “There’s no quick fix.” said Blaisdell.
For a long time, we’ve believed that people become fat because they are lazy. But this study has proven the opposite to be true as well, which indicates that laziness and obesity (肥胖) are a “vicious cycle (恶性循环)”.
So, if you constantly feel tired, lacking any urge to get up from your chair, it could be that you’ve been studying too hard. But you should also pay attention to your diet.
1. What is the correct order of the research?a. Researchers changed the rats’ diet.
b. Researchers divided 32 female rats into two groups.
c. Within three months, rats on junk food were much fatter that rats on healthy food.
d. Researchers rewarded fat rats with plain water when they were extremely thirsty.
A.bcda. | B.badc. |
C.bacd. | D.bcad. |
A.Most females are probably finding it hard to say no to junk food. |
B.Sugar in water as well as in junk food serves the same vicious role in making us fat. |
C.Your diet means most to you if you feel tired and don’t want to move from your chair. |
D.There is no short cut for losing weight and overcoming laziness after eating too much junk food. |
A.relaxed | B.concerned |
C.optimistic | D.passive |
A.People | B.Entertainment Weekly. |
C.Science and Life. | D.Economists. |
【推荐1】Jonathan the tortoise, the world’s oldest land animal, turned 190 over the weekend on the island of St. Helena, where he enjoyed a “cake” of seasonal fruits, leafy greens and vegetables, including carrots carved into the number “190”.
Jonathan was brought to St.Helena from the Seychelles in 1882 as a gift. According to Guinness World Records, Jonathan surpassed the previous record holder, Tu’i Malila, who lived in the 1770s until 1965and could be even older. He arrived in St.Helena as a fully mature tortoise, meaning he was at least 50 in 1882.
“The vet is still feeding him by hand once a week to boost his calories, vitamins, minerals and trace elements, as he is blind and has no sense of smell. His hearing though is excellent and he loves the company of humans, and responds well to his vet Joe Hollins’ voice as he associates him with a feast, Guinness World Records said.
“The tortoise enjoys the sun but on very hot days takes to the shade. On mild days, he will sunbathe his long neck and legs stretched fully out of his shell to absorb heat and transfer it to his core,” according to Hollins. When it’s cold, Jonathan has been known to “dig himself into leaf mold or grass cuttings and remain there all day.”
In most cases, the lifespan of a tortoise or turtle depends on the species and level of care they receive. They generally live much longer in captivity than in the wild, because in the wild, they must find their own food in addition to evading predators while not getting medical treatment. Larger turtle and tortoise species also tend to live longer than their smaller counterparts. For more information about animal record holders, click here.
1. When might Jonathan be born?A.In 1882. | B.In 1770. | C.In 1965. | D.In 1832. |
A.Jonathan had a birthday cake made of fruits, meat, and vegetables. |
B.Jonathan was born and raised on the island of St. Helena. |
C.Jonathan is the Guinness World holder of the oldest land animal. |
D.Jonathan is a very old but healthy tortoise with full senses. |
A.Species differences. | B.Food shortage. |
C.Lack of medical treatment. | D.Animal enemies. |
A.In a science fiction. | B.On a news website. |
C.In a travel brochure. | D.In a biology textbook. |
【推荐2】Coffee may be unfriendly to a financial planner, according to researchers from the University of South Florida (USF) “Caffeine (咖啡因), as a powerful stimulant, leads to a higher energetic state, which in turn decreases self-control,” said lead author and USF professor Dipayan Biswas. The findings were published on Thursday in the Journal of Marketing.
According to the study, researchers ran three experiments involving coffee machines at the entrances of a supermarket and home goods store in France and a department store in Spain. Upon entering those places, over 300 shoppers received a cup with nothing in it yet. About half of those shoppers ordered a coffee containing roughly 100 mg of caffeine, while the other half went in with either decaffeinated coffee or water. Importantly, the shoppers also shared their shopping receipts (收据) with researchers as they exited.
Sure enough, people who drank caffeinated coffee bought a significantly higher number of items and spent more money. Interestingly, drinking caffeine also appeared to influence the types of items people bought. Shoppers who drank caffeine bought more unnecessary items, such as decorative candles and fragrances (香水), than the others. However, there were few differences among caffeinated and decaffeinated shoppers when it came to making more practical decisions, including kitchen tools and storage baskets.
The study authors also conducted the fourth experiment in a lab testing the impact of caffeine on online shopping. They separated a group of 200 business school students depending on whether they just drank caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee. Then, each person had to pick which items they would buy from a list of 66 options. Again, people drinking caffeine chose more unnecessary items from the list while the others tended to choose more practical goods.
“While moderate (适度的) amounts of caffeine intake can have positive health benefits, there can be unintended results of being caffeinated while shopping,” Prof Biswas concludes.
1. What can we know about the study?A.Caffeine may improve people’s health | B.Caffeine may help people relieve pressure. |
C.Caffeine may cause people to be unfriendly. | D.Caffeine may leave people less self-controlled. |
A.To pay for their items | B.To record what they drank. |
C.To figure out what they pretend | D.To find out what they bought. |
A.It made students buy more useful goods. | B.It affected students’ shopping choices. |
C.It was beneficial to the students’ health. | D.It made the students energetic in learning. |
A.Stop shopping for caffeinated food. | B.Give up taking in caffeine in daily lift. |
C.Avoid caffeinated coffee before shopping | D.Drink less decaffeinated coffee in life. |
【推荐3】Adult musk ducks raised in captivity (圈养) can copy the sounds they heard as hatchlings, such as a door slamming, a man coughing and even what was probably a former caretaker’s catchphrase (口头禅), “ You bloody fool! ”
The large, grey Australian waterbirds usually learn to make high-pitched whistles from their older flock mates. But individuals raised in captivity away from other musk dusks have been heard copying the sounds around them associated with human life.
The findings provide evidence that musk dusks now join parrots, seals, bats, elephants and humans as vocal (声音的) language learners, which means they acquire “ words ” based on what they hear as infants, says Carel Ten Cate at Leiden University in the Netherlands. “ Vocal learning is a rare and special trait, so that makes this duck particularly special, ” he says. Ten Cate studies vocal learning in birds and was recently fascinated to come across a story about a talking duck in Australia. So he tracked down the now-retired Australian scientist Peter J. Fullagar, who first noticed the phenomenon more than 30 years ago.
Fullagar shared his conserved audio clips (片段) of 4-year-old Ripper, a male musk duck hand-raised on a nature reserve without other musk ducks. In the clips, Ripper walks around speaking when acting aggressively and copying a slamming door sound when trying to attract females.
Fullagar also shared an audio clip of a second male that was raised on the same reserve with his mother in 2000, along with Pacific black ducks that make sounds “ like common park ducks, ” Ten Cate says. Female musk ducks don’t perform vocal displays, and the young, unnamed duck grew up to copy the black ducks around him.
After Ten Cate ensured the recordings, he used software to confirm that the birds were repeating noises from their environment, in some cases sounds that they had only heard in the first weeks of life. In the recordings, the ducks made these sounds dozens of times in a matter of minutes, at about 4-second intervals (间隔).
1. What is special about adult musk ducks raised in captivity?A.They can make high-pitched whistles. | B.They join elephants in large forests. |
C.They repeat what they hear around. | D.They create languages of their own. |
A.Studies on vocal learning. | B.Fullagar’s audio clips. |
C.A story about a talking duck. | D.Fullagar’s living condition. |
A.Female musk ducks can make vocal sounds. |
B.Musk ducks repeat what they hear as infants. |
C.Musk ducks repeat vocal sounds without pause. |
D.Musk ducks raised with other ducks make vocal sounds. |
A.Australian Ducks Talk Like Humans | B.Animals Are Smarter Than We Expect |
C.What Vocal Language Can Animals Learn | D.People Learn a Lot from Adult Musk Ducks |