【推荐3】Two 5-year-old girls, best friends, held hands in Tolson’s office at Van Ness Elementary School in Washington, D.C., one saying she didn’t feel well. Tolson, the school nurse, asked, “How long has your stomach been hurting?” “It just started,” she said.

The other one said her head hurt last night, too. Tolson knew she had a history of fevers, so she checked her temperature and asked her what she ate, whether she went to the bathroom, and whether her head still hurt. It could be that these two little girls that went to Tolson’s office were fine. Or maybe they had mental problems. And that is what school nurses have to judge every day.

School nurses generally get very little training when it comes to mental health. Mazyck said she herself was astounded when she was a school nurse. She saw upset, anxiety, sadness and students who didn’t even know what to do to calm themselves down. She never expected these. So Mazyck went back to school for a graduate degree in counseling (咨询) and now she focuses on getting nurses more training in mental health.

Sharon Stephan, who co-directs the National Center for School Mental Health at the University of Maryland, tells nurses there are two simple questions to ask themselves to see if a child needs help:

Is the student acting or behaving differently than he/she was before?

Is the student somehow far outside the norm (标准) of what you would expect?

The only time everyone pays attention is when there’s a tragedy(悲剧), like a school shooting. However, we actually can catch the students who might harm others and recognize the students who might want to kill themselves.

Mental health is ranked one of the top problems all school nurses deal with, and school nurses need to be better at it.

1. Why does the author mention the two little girls?

A．To show school nurses do a difficult job.

B．To show the importance of school nurses.

C．To show school nurses need much patience.

D．To show the importance of students’ health.

2. What does the underlined word “astounded” in the third paragraph mean?

A．Tired.	B．Troubled.
C．Shocked.	D．Embarrassed.

3. Why did Mazyck go back to school?

A．To give nurses more training in mental health.

B．To find school students with mental problems.

C．To learn what mental problems students may have.

D．To improve her skills of dealing with mental health.

4. What can we learn from the last but one paragraph?

A．There are too many kids in need of help.

B．Something tragic often happens at school.

C．Students’ mental health is always ignored.

D．It’s hard to find students with mental problems.

【推荐1】Why do people drink too much, eat too much, smoke cigarettes or take drugs? What’s to blame for all the bad behavior? Most people would say that, while these self-destructive acts can have many root causes, they all have one obvious thing in common: they are all examples of failures of self-control, lacking the will power to resist them.
According to a recent study, however, if you really think about it, something about that simple answer doesn’t quite make sense. In fact, it turns out that sometimes it’s having will power that really gets you into trouble.
Think back to the time you took your very first sip (啜饮) of beer. Disgusting, wasn’t it? When my father gave me my first taste of beer as a teenager, I wondered why anyone would voluntarily drink it. And smoking? No one enjoys their first cigarette — it tastes awful. So even though smoking, and drinking alcohol or coffee, can become temptation (诱惑) you need will power to resist, they never, ever start out that way.
Just getting past those first horrible experiences actually requires a lot of self-control. Ironically (讽刺的是), only those who can control themselves well, rather than give in to them, can ever come to someday develop a “taste” for Budweiser beer, Marlboro cigarettes, or dark-roasted Starbucks coffee. We do it for social acceptance. We force ourselves to consume alcohol, cigarettes, coffee and even illegal drugs, in order to seem experienced, grown-up, and cool.
These bad habits aren’t self-control failures — far from it. They are voluntary choices, and they are in fact self-control successes. Self-control is simply a tool to be put to some use, helpful or harmful. To live happy and productive lives, we need to develop not only our self-control, but also the wisdom to make good decisions about when and where to apply it.
1. What do most people think causes bad behavior?

A．Being forced by others.

B．Not having enough will power.

C．Enjoying their first experiences.

D．Following the examples of their friends.

2. The author mentions his experience in the third paragraph to prove ____.

A．will power helps develop bad habits sometimes

B．drinking beer is harmful to the health of teenagers

C．self-control should be developed when one is young

D．everyone can be challenged by different temptations

3. In the last paragraph, the author stresses that ____.

A．without self-control, no one can succeed

B．bad habits don’t always lead to bad results

C．applying self-control correctly is important

D．people can develop wisdom from bad behavior

4. What would be the best title for the passage?

A．My First Sip of Beer	B．Do You Have Will Power ?
C．Does Will Power Benefit Us?	D．Dark Side of Self-control

【推荐3】Nowadays, to work remotely, all you need are a computer and an Internet connection. According to a new study, employees who can work from anywhere else are generally happier than those who work onsite(现场的)in an office.

Video conferencing company Owl Labs surveyed 1,202 full-time US workers from the ages of 22 to 65, and discovered that 62 percent of the respondents worked remotely at least some of the time and 38 percent worked onsite. Of the remote workers, 49 percent worked remotely full-time.

As it turns out, working remotely—or the idea of it—makes people happy, 83 percent of the survey respondents agree that the ability to work remotely would make them happier, and 71 percent of workers who do get to work remotely said their job makes them happy, compared with 55 percent of office-only workers.

In the study, full-time remote workers said they're happy in their job, 22 percent more than people who never work remotely. The reasons why respondents said they decided to work remotely were better work-life balance(91 percent), increased productivity/better focus(79 percent), less stress(78 percent), and to avoid a commute(通勤)(78 percent).

One reason why remote workers might be happier is that they were more than twice as likely to earn more than $100,000 per year. And the higher they were on the corporate(公司的)ladder, the more likely survey respondents were to have the privilege of working remotely: The job levels with the greatest percentages of remote workers were founder/CEO-level(55 percent)and vice president(46 percent).

Loyalty is another factor: Remote workers are 13 percent more likely than non-remote workers to stay with their current job for the next five years—making remote work a win-win for employees and employers alike.

Not only are remote employees happier, but they are prepared to work longer hours, according to the report. Remote workers said they work over 40 hours per week, 43 percent more than on-site workers do.

1. What can he learned about the respondents in the survey by Owl Labs?

A．49 percent work remotely full-time.

B．55 percent are not satisfied with their work.

C．83 percent prefer to work in an office.

D．About 40 percent are office-only workers.

2. Compared with remote workers, onsite workers are         .

A．less loyal	B．more productive
C．less creative	D．more hardworking

3. It is more likely for those with higher job levels to          .

A．live freely	B．have double income
C．work remotely	D．work less time

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．The choice of working sites.	B．The benefits of working remotely.
C．The tendency of future jobs.	D．The qualities of offsite employees.

【推荐1】Now, cities large and small often have remains of earlier historic streets and sidewalk pavements(人行道）。Yet they often go unprotected even when they may be older than neighbouring historic buildings that have enjoyed protection for tens of years.

There are many reasons to protect historic pavements - culture value, economics, environmental benefits and public safety. Pavements represented an important step in the modernization of city environments in the 19th century.

Before the laying of pavement, streets of dirt caused many problems to citizens,especially in wet weather when they became muddy(泥泞的），which limited the movement of people and vehicles.

To solve the problem, cities experimented with a wide range of materials in an attempt to balance durability(耐用性），economics,sources of materials and noise considerations.

The earliest pavement in many cities were cobblestones-naturally rounded stones.They were cheap and durable, but rough and noisy. Loose stone pavements were cheap and smooth, but not very durable. Wood also appeared in the 1850s as a popular option-smooth,quiet and affordable,but not very durable.

In many cities and towns,brick(砖）streets are the only historic pavements that have survived.This fact covers up the truth of pavement experimentation between the 1850s and 1920s, when a city could use up to a dozen different paving materials at the same time! Indeed, each city developed a unique "pavement identity” in the materials chosen and the way they were laid.

It is easy to think of the past when seeing historic pavements, as recalling “old world” city qualities. However, they are more similar to the early high buildings and parks-important city features that showed the modernization of the city. At a time when cities are becoming increasingly similar, such pavements also help define an important sense of place.

1. What is the present situation of historic pavements?

A．Failing to represent modern environments.

B．Failing to receive protection they should get.

C．Being brought back to its former glory.

D．Being highly valued as cultural buildings.

2. Why was the first pavement built in history?

A．To help develop the local economy.

B．To prevent earth from being washed away.

C．To limit the movement of people and vehicles.

D．To bring convenience to citizens' life.

3. What is mainly talked about in Paragraphs 4-6?

A．Popularity of different paving materials.

B．Different experiments on city identity.

C．Advantages and disadvantages of stone pavements.

D．Development of pavements of different materials.

4. What does the writer want to express about historic pavements in the last paragraph?

A．They are similar to tall buildings.

B．They make cities appear similar.

C．They are unique of a particular place.

D．They represent the modernization of today's city.

【推荐2】Just reading Facebook posts——without posting messages or responding to comments——makes users feel bad about themselves，some studies have discovered. A 2015 study at the University of Michigan，for example，found that students who simply read Facebook posts for 10 minutes were in a worse mood by the end of the day than those who posted messages or commented on friends' posts.

Researchers think that users who only read posts may be always comparing their own lives to others' posts and feel they're coming up short. Or users may simply be missing out on face-to-face human communication.This is necessary and important for a healthier state of mind. "In general，when people spend a lot of time passively（被动地）receiving information——reading，but not interacting（交流）with people——they report feeling worse afterward，"said an unusual Facebook blog post.

The research appears to be bad news for Facebook，but Facebook itself is getting the negative news known to the public. In fact，the findings support the company's push to get users to be more active on the site，the blog noted. Research has also found that “interacting with people—especially sharing message，posts and comments with close friends and thinking of past interactions — is connected with improvements in well-being".

One commenter to the Facebook blog post noted that it's "no surprise that your conclusions-encouraging 'active' Facebook use—are connected with Facebook's business interests. It gives Facebook chances to persuade us into sharing, commenting, and posting more than ever—for our own good!"

The company has faced a lot of negative news about Facebook. Former Facebook Vice President Chamath Palihapitiya told Stanford University graduate business students that social media are destroying society. Palihapitiya said he felt really bad for the role he played in making Facebook so outstanding."We kind of knew something bad could happen."

1. What did the 2015 study mainly show?

A．Not all users considered Facebook useful.

B．Using Facebook in the right way could benefit us.

C．Not all people loved interacting with others on Facebook.

D．Passively using Facebook negatively affected users' moods.

2. What does the underlined word "This"in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Avoiding comparing ourselves with others.

B．Reading the posts on Facebook positively.

C．Interacting with others face to face.

D．Sharing experiences on Facebook.

3. Why did Facebook make the findings known to the public?

A．To encourage people to use Facebook more.

B．To show Facebook's concern about its users.

C．To apologize to its users for the bad influence.

D．To prove the importance of human interaction.

4. From what Chamath Palihapitiya said, we learn that       .

A．Facebook has some disadvantages

B．Facebook is facing serious challenges

C．Facebook disappoints the public deeply

D．Facebook is improving some students' life

【推荐3】On March 28th, The New York Times will begin charging all but the most infrequent users to read articles online.

In a letter to readers, Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., the publisher of the paper, laid out the details of the paywall, which he said will go into effect immediately in Canada and on March 28th for the rest of the world. He called the move “an important step that we hope you will see as an investment in The New York Times, one that will strengthen our ability to provide high-quality journalism to readers around the world and on any platform.”

Sulzberger said that readers will be able to read 20 articles per month at no charge. Once they click on the 21st piece, however, they’ll be presented with three payment options: $15 for four weeks of online and mobile application access, $20 for access to the site and the iPad application, or $35 for access to everything. People who already receive the printed paper through home delivery will enjoy free and unlimited access to The New York Times on all platforms.

These details largely agree with earlier reports on how the paywall would work. The New York Times had made it clear that it did not want to imitate the total paywalls put into effect by papers such as The Times of London and Newsday, which block access to all contents unless the reader pays.

The paper also signaled that it wants to stay relevant in the social media world. According to Sulzberger’s announcement, people who come to The New York Times site from Facebook, Twitter or from blogs will be able to read those articles even if they have gone over their monthly limit.

However, Sulzberger said that a limit will be placed on “some search engines”, meaning that after readers have accessed a certain number of articles from search engines, any further articles they access from there will be added to their monthly count. It was reported that the only search engine that will be affected this way is Google, where there will be a five-article limit. This marks a clear attempt by The New York Times to close what could be a giant loophole ( 漏 洞 ), since so much online traffic is directed through Google. But it also presents a risk for the paper for the same reason.

Sulzberger seems well aware of the risk. “The challenge now is to put a price on our work without walling ourselves off from the global network,” he said, adding that The New York Times must “continue to engage with the widest possible audience.”

1. The author’s main purpose in the text is to______ .

A．describe research findings	B．make advertisements
C．report a piece of news	D．suggest a solution

2. Why will The New York Times charge their online readers?

A．It is the only way to offer better service to its readers.

B．It wants to stay relevant in the social media world.

C．It has too many readers coming from the other sites.

D．It is seeking new financial sources for its development.

3. Which group of people cannot read unlimited number of The New York Times articles?

A．Those subscribing to the printed newspapers.

B．Readers clicking through from Facebook.

C．Those using Google research engine.

D．Readers paying $35 a month.

4. What challenge may the paywall bring to The New York Times?

A．It may bring The New York Times more competition with the other media.

B．It may lead to a giant loophole online for The New York Times.

C．It may result in huge drops in papers’ online readership.

D．It may block the readers from the other websites.

【推荐1】Nowadays, the most effective way to get power comes from burning fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas. They are less costly than other forms of energy. But burning fuels releases carbon dioxide, known as CO₂ gas. Scientists agree that increasing amount of CO₂ in Earth’s atmosphere is partly to blame for the rising temperature. It's clear the change in the atmosphere can have a big effect on the weather condition around the world.

However, keeping extra CO₂ from entering the atmosphere is a difficult process. It’s not enough to advise people to burn the fuels in a clean way. As a result, scientists are looking for the best method for capturing the gas and storing it away from the atmosphere. Some of this research is taking place in Norway. The Technology Center in Mongstad (TCM) is the largest facility in the world for major testing of the CO₂-capturing technology.

Tore Amundsen is its chairman. He says TCM has produced important information since it opened. The center is connected to a nearby electric power plant. It treats the waste gas from the plant using the chemical solvent (溶剂) which attracts the CO₂ molecules. Then researchers take the solvent with the CO₂ molecules and boil it. In this way, they can separate CO₂ from the solvent and use the solvent again to capture more CO₂. TCM can help capture 90 percent of the CO₂ from the waste gas. With the current state of technology, it will increase the cost of electricity between perhaps 30% to 40% when the technology is applied to a power plant.

Experts say the best way to store the captured CO₂ gas is to place it below the surface of the ground. Scientists can use the pumping technology to put it into areas left empty after the removal of oil or natural gas. But TCM does not pump the CO₂ it captures. Instead, it releases the gas into the atmosphere. Tore Amundsen says only highly developed industrial nations can afford the pumping technology. So far, only Canada has a power plant that pumps CO₂ gas. In total, there are just a few similar power plants in the world.

1. What can we learn about the CO₂ gas?

A．It is usually found in coal.

B．It leads to world climate change.

C．It is a new kind of energy.

D．It does good to the atmosphere.

2. Scientists want to deal with CO₂ gas by_________.

A．sending it into the atmosphere

B．finding clean fuels to use

C．collecting it with technology

D．stopping people from burning fuels

3. Which of the following is TRUE about TCM?

A．It works well in treating the waste gas.

B．It’s the only center to study the CO2 gas.

C．It was set up by Tore Amundsen.

D．It helps the power plant save a lot of money.

4. According to experts, the captured CO₂ gas________.

A．can be used with oil or natural gas

B．should be put underground

C．must be allowed to go into the air

D．should stay in the chemical solvent

【推荐2】"Our coffee is loved by millions worldwide." Do you often see this kind of advertising in your country? Statements like these that no one can prove are called puffery. Puffery is legal, even though it cannot be proved. In fact, puffery has been called "a license to lie", as it is regarded as an opinion rather than an objective statement.

Using puffery to raise awareness of products and to increase sales, is a common advertising method. Some people, however, worry about puffery. One of the concerns is whether consumers are misled by false advertising. Therefore, advertisements containing puffery sometimes can be tested in the courts, and the decisions that are made help to tell the difference between acceptable puffery and illegal advertising.

On the one hand, if a company tells the public that it sells the country's best-loved" or favorite product, this is thought to be puffery, rather than an objective description of market share. Similarly, the company does not have to produce proof that such puffery is actually supported by numbers or facts. In other words, advertisements such as the world's best cup of coffee" are impossible to prove. They are too good to be true and thus it is expected that any consumer will understand how subjective they are. Such advertisements are therefore not thought of as misleading. In fact, puffery like this in these advertisements is often considered to add to the entertainment value.

On the other hand, a company that states their products is the safest" or cheapest" needs to show proof, because statements that are objective need to be supported by proof or statistics. Consumer rights organizations can run tests to examine whether or not such statements agree with the fact. Companies should thus be very careful when making factual statements about a product.

A primary function of advertising is to create product awareness. As consumers, we need to know -about competing products, so we can make wise decisions on which one to buy. While it is important that advertisers are monitored to ensure they do not mislead consumers, it can be argued that puffery is a good way of raising awareness of new products. As long as there are effective ways of monitoring advertisements to prevent deliberate deception (欺骗) in safety and quality, it seems that most puffery is relatively harmless. Rather, it has become part of advertising, which most consumers can laugh at rather than being misled.

1. By “ Our coffee is loved by millions worldwide", the passage intends to ______.

A．describe a fact	B．introduce the topic
C．present an argument	D．provide background information

2. The function of puffery is mainly to help______ .

A．describe products' market share	B．raise awareness of new products
C．test the advertisement in the courts	D．run tests to examine the new products.

3. What does the author think of puffery?

A．It is acceptable with effective monitoring.

B．It is misleading for it uses the false information.

C．It is harmful for it plays tricks on consumers.

D．It is convincing for it helps consumers to choose wisely.

4. Which can be the best title of this passage?

A．Functions of Advertising	B．Puffery in Advertising
C．Consumers and Advertising	D．The Art of Advertising

【推荐3】How good are we at predicting（预测）what people will do? What magazine will they buy, what music will they download, or what shoes will they choose for a party? Probably not nearly as good as we think. When it comes to human behavior, the brain is shown to have two different ways of thinking. So it doesn’t matter how old you are or how confident you are feeling. It’s all about what mood the brain is in!

A common thought process is the automatic and fast way which helps us to react（反应）quickly in dangerous situations. This is known as system I and dates back to the prehistoric times when people lived with a natural awareness of the dangers around them—bad weather, falling rocks and trees, and threatening animals. Nowadays we still have the ability to react so rapidly and naturally to situations that it can feel like you’re not thinking at all. Have you ever found yourself giving in to temptation （诱惑） and unable to say “no” to buying that new jacket in the window? This is because system 1 is in control—a human characteristic which the world of advertising likes to make the most of!

System 2 is the opposite. It’s a slow thought process that requires us to pay attention and concentrate. This way of thinking helps us to make sensible long-term decisions like choosing which university to study at, or what type of car to buy. The problem is that system 2 often starts to feel boring and so system I takes over. How often have you put down your homework or put off doing important jobs to go on Facebook or watch a TV soap?

We like to think that we go through life mainly using system 2. However, sometimes it’s system 1 that makes the right decision but system 2 that gets it wrong. For example, sports teams put a lot of effort into a game plan, but often it’s the unconscious（无意识的）human wish to do something differently that often leads to an unexpected win. This can also lead to the common mistaken idea that your successful decisions show your skill and talent, when in fact they were just luck.

Perhaps one day scientists will be able to predict what decisions people will make by measuring brain activity. In one study, volunteers were monitored with brain-scanning equipment. They were asked to press either a left or a right button whenever they wanted. The researchers found they could predict which button the volunteers would press up to seven seconds before it happened—your brain seems lo know what it will do before you do! Some scientists say our brains are just machines and we are not really in control of what’s going on. Let’s hope they’re wrong! It’s one thing to be able to tell which of two buttons a person will press, but I don’t like the idea that science could one day tell me what decisions 1 will make in my life before I’ve even had the chance to make them!

1. System 1 is more likely to be in control when you ________.

A．choose a university

B．plan a birthday party

C．buy a jacket in the window

D．prepare for a performance

2. The example of sports teams in Paragraph 4 is mentioned to show ________.

A．people are more willing to use system 1

B．we go through life mainly using system 2

C．system 2 usually makes the wrong decision

D．system I sometimes makes the right decision

3. How does the author feel about the idea that scientists can predict people’s decisions?

A．Unhappy.	B．Uninterested.
C．Hopeful.	D．Confident.

4. What is the best title of the passage?

A．Two Systems of Thought

B．Early Brain Development

C．The Importance of Planning

D．Two Ways of Dealing with Danger