A bite from a tsetse fly is an extremely unpleasant experience. To make matters worse, several species of tsetse fly can transmit diseases. One of the most dangerous is a parasite(寄生虫) that causes "sleeping sickness".
After the initial bite, sleeping sickness symptoms often start with a fever, headaches and aching muscles. As the illness goes on, those infected become increasingly tired, which is where it gets its name.
It is worth noting that sleeping sickness is no longer as deadly as it once was. In the early 20th Century several hundred thousand people were infected each year. By the 1960s the disease was considered "under control" and had reached very low numbers, making its spread more difficult. But in the 1970s there was another major infection, which took 20 years to control. Since then, better screening programs and earlier treatments have reduced the number of cases dramatically. In 2000 this figure dropped to fewer than 3,000. The World Health Organization (WHO) hopes the disease will be completely removed by 2020. More problematically, a series of new studies have shown that the parasite is more complicated than previously believed.
Sleeping sickness has always been considered—and analyzed—as a blood disease, because the parasites can readily be discovered in the blood of its victims. However, in a recent study found that the parasite can stay in the skin and fat, as well as in the blood. There may even be a higher density(密度)of the parasite in the skin than in the blood. That means a person can have no symptoms but still both harbor the disease and spread it. The finding could explain the mysterious 1970s infection, and why the disease can spring up in areas that had previously been cleared.
1. What's the danger of a tsetse fly bite?A.It makes people sleepy. | B.It causes skin disease. |
C.It brings about deaths. | D.It transmits deadly parasites. |
A.It's still a threat to human health. |
B.It's not that dangerous at present. |
C.It's incurable in the early 20th century. |
D.It's completely under control in the 1960s. |
A.carry | B.resist | C.exchange | D.hide |
A.Sleeping sickness is a blood disease. |
B.Skin is more suitable for the parasite to grow. |
C.Sleeping sickness can be spread with no signs. |
D.Parasites in the skin caused the 1970s infection. |
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【推荐1】The fear of the novel corona virus has turned into discrimination against certain groups of people, including people from Wuhan, Chinese people or Asians in general. However, the outbreak of the disease can’t be an excuse to isolate these groups. What we should do is get rid of discrimination and show sympathy instead.
Since the outbreak of novel corona virus pneumonia (NCP), many people have been living in fear. This is normal, as the disease is infectious and dangerous. However, some people turn pale at the mention of “people from Wuhan or Hubei province”, the center of the outbreak.
Ding Baixing, a doctor at Huashan Hospital in Shanghai, has seen this himself. He treated a suspected patient surnamed Chen who traveled from Wuhan to Shanghai. Chen appeared desperate and avoided other patients, as he worried that they would be afraid of him.
Chen is not alone. Chen Xue, an editor working in Beijing, went to Chongli in Hebei for a ski trip on Jan 23. Though her temperature was fine and she hasn’t been to her hometown – Hubei province – since October last year, the hotel she was in told her that it wouldn’t receive Hubei guests from the next day.
However, the real enemy is the virus – not the patients or people from Wuhan or Hubei province. Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong shared this idea in a speech at the Chinese New Year dinner. “Even though the virus started in Wuhan, it doesn’t respect nationality or race. It does not check your passport before it goes into your body. Anybody can be infected,” he said.
It is not the patients’ fault that they have been infected. There is no reason to blame them. If patients didn’t go to the hospital for fear of discrimination, the virus could spread to more people. “Protecting them is just as important as protecting ourselves,” Ding said.
At the CCTV Spring Festival Gala (春节联欢晚会), six hosts read a poem to inspire people across the country. It called for greater respect for medical workers, as well as called on everyone to work together to fight the virus. One of the lines – “we isolate the virus, but we don’t isolate love” – has been widely posted online.
“This is the time for facts, not fear. This is the time for science, not rumors.This is the time for solidarity, not stigma.”
– Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of the World Health Organization
1. Why do some people treat those from Wuhan or Hubei province unfairly?A.Because those people look dangerous. |
B.Because they want to live a normal life. |
C.Because those people carry the virus. |
D.Because they are afraid of getting infected. |
A.get treatment in a hospital |
B.avoid meeting other patients |
C.check her temperature three times while skiing |
D.check out of the hotel she was in the next day |
A.we shouldn’t be afraid of NCP |
B.it isn’t safe to stay in other countries |
C.the real enemy is the virus |
D.the virus has affected many people |
A.To call on people to stop discrimination. |
B.To show how people’s lives are affected by NCP. |
C.To encourage suspected patients to go to hospitals. |
D.To find out who to blame for the NCP outbreak. |
【推荐2】Have you ever anxiously looked for your glasses only to find out they are on your nose all the time? Maybe you’ve struggled to keep your focus, or feel like you’re walking in a dream. The good news is you are not alone and there’s a name for this feeling: brain fog.
Brain fog feels like it takes hours to complete a 10-minute task or that you’re struggling to listen and understand what is being said. It is not a medical condition or a diagnosis (诊断). It’s simply a term to describe the inability to remember and concentrate on things, use logic, or solve problems. Some people with brain fog experience problems with speech and language; it can be hard putting their thoughts into words and finding the right words, and their speech might be slow and confused.
Everyone can experience brain fog if you have poor sleep habits and are getting less than 7 hours of sleep each night. Secondly, the lack of enough vitamin and the eating of certain unhealthy foods, like alcohol and caffeine, play a role in brain function and can be one of the causes of your brain fog symptoms (症状). Additionally, high levels of stress, or long-term stress, can cause a series of health problems, including brain fog.
If you’re wondering how to get rid of brain fog, I have good news: you can get rid of it by making a few lifestyle changes. First, you need to change your diet. If you are experiencing brain fog, there is a good chance your diet is the cause of your brain fog. Besides, just attempt to relieve your stress. It’s important to make time every day for doing activities you love to get away from the stress, such as exercise, taking baths or meditating with an app on your phone. Also, you shall get enough sleep since studies show that quality sleep can make you eat more healthy and get rid of your brain fog.
1. What can be learned about brain fog from the passage?A.A deadly disease caused by head injuries. |
B.A specific term referring to the loss of one’s memory. |
C.A medical condition related to one’s thinking disorder. |
D.A health problem affecting one’s memory and focus on things. |
A.A little bit of stress. | B.An irregular sleep schedule. |
C.The control on caffeine. | D.The oversupply of vitamin. |
A.Removing unhealthy foods from your diet. |
B.Promoting quality sleep by eating more healthy. |
C.Reducing stress by limiting your favorite activities |
D.Receiving special training to recover your memory |
A.Risks of Brain Fog & Processes of Controlling it |
B.Symptoms of Brain Fog & Effects on the Patients |
C.Causes of Brain Fog & Solutions to Getting Rid of It |
D.Experiments on Brain Fog & Suggestions of Preventing it |
【推荐3】As the coronavirus (冠状病毒) outbreak continues, many Americans are fearful of using public transportation. They are also looking for ways to get exercise without going to a gym. So, it may not be surprising that the pandemic (疫情) has led to a major increase in bicycle sales.
In the US, bicycles at big stores have sold out. And small bicycle stores cannot keep up with demand for “family-style” bicycles: the low-cost, easy-to-ride models. “The bicycle industry is seeing its biggest sales increase since the oil crisis of the 1970s,” said Jay Townley, an industry expert. He compared the sale of bicycles to the rush to buy products like toilet paper at the start of the pandemic.
The rise in bicycle sales is not happening just in the US. Italy has created bicycle paths for the growing number of people who want to avoid public transportation. In London, city officials plan to ban cars from some central roads. Bike shop owners in Manila say demand is even stronger than what they see at Christmas time.
Of course, you can only buy a bicycle if you can find one. In the US, the shortages now mean it may take many months to get a bicycle. High demand is not the only reason for the shortage. Many bicycle factories were shut down to stop the spread of COVID-19. The increase in bicycle demand began in March as countries began to close down. In April, the sale of bicycles increased 200 percent in the US.
Joe Minutolo is the co-owner of Bar Harbor Bicycle Shop in Maine. He said he hoped the increased sales meant a change in the way people think about transportation. “People are having a chance to rethink things,” he said, “Maybe we’ll all learn something out of this, and something really good will happen.”
1. What causes the increase in bicycle sales?A.Shortage of public transportation. |
B.Outbreak of the coronavirus. |
C.People’s desire to defeat disease. |
D.People’s fear of natural disasters. |
A.More bikes are sold than at Christmas time. |
B.“Family-style” bicycles are in great need. |
C.Cars are banned from some central roads. |
D.New bicycle paths have been built. |
A.It’s impossible to buy a bike. |
B.Bike factories were closed in April. |
C.High demand for bikes began in March. |
D.It takes many months to produce a bike. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Positive. | C.Uncertain. | D.Critical. |
【推荐1】Our Amazing Hands
The hand is where the mind meets the world. We use our hands to build fires, to fly airplanes, and to write. The human brain, with its open-ended creativity, may be the thing that makes the human race unique. But without hands, all the ideas we think up would come to nothing.
Early hands seemed more unusual and interesting than any hand today. Some animals had seven fingers. Others had eight. But by the time vertebrates (脊椎动物) appeared 340 million years ago, the hand had developed to only five fingers.
Nevertheless, there are still many different types of hands in living animals. After years of research, scientists are beginning to understand the molecular (分子的) changes in hands.
The discovery has given scientists a deeper understanding of the development of hands. A bird’s wing and a lion’s paw (爪) may appear to have nothing in common.
A.Hands can often be used for a number of different purposes. |
B.They also see that all hands start out in much the same way. |
C.It has kept that number for reasons scientists don’t yet know. |
D.No one would doubt that the five fingers are different with each other. |
E.But the difference between them may come down to a tiny change in form. |
F.The reason we can use our hands for so many things is their special structure. |
G.So you can see a skilled watchmaker use his hands to set springs in place under a microscope. |
【推荐2】Cognitive Processing Therapy(CPT), a long-term psychological therapy, is a specific type of cognitive behavioral therapy which reduces post-traumatic stress disorder (创伤后应激障碍) symptoms after natural disasters. Typically, CPT is delivered over 12 sessions to help patients learn how to modify negative attitudes and practices related to their trauma. The goal is that the patient then creates a new, more positive view and understanding of the traumatic event, which reduces on-going negative effects on the patient’s current life. It specifically focuses on the core trauma themes of safety, trust, power and control, etc.
Delivered both individually and in structured group sessions, it allows for multiple different paths to receive effective treatments. In some studies, it has shown to be helpful in cases where medicine alone has not worked. Because CPT focuses on retraining thoughts and behaviors to form practical strategies that can be applied to everyday life. Compared to other talk-therapies, it has been especially successful, because it can be completed in a brief period of time, allowing for a lower patient dropout rate. It also enhances brain connectivity, which lessens long-term impacts of trauma. This increased connectivity is why cognitive behavioral therapy is often argued to be more effective than medicine.
On the other hand, there are also multiple disadvantages to CPT. Due to its structured nature, it may not be suitable for people with more complex mental health needs or learning difficulties. Additionally, since it involves facing up to emotions and fears, patients may experience initial periods of additional anxiety or discomfort. Some therapists also argue that because it only addresses current problems and specific issues it does not address possible fundamental causes of mental health conditions, and because it focuses on the individual’s capacity to change themselves it does not address wider system problems that have a significant impact on a patient’s health and well-being.
However, focusing mainly on post-natural disasters, regardless of pre-disaster health, CPT has been repeatedly proven to be a rather successful treatment approach. Although there have not been studies generalizing CPT for children, it is an effective treatment for adults. The clear effectiveness of CPT demonstrates the importance of patient-specific therapies that are unique to the experiences of individual patients.
1. According to the passage, CPT is intended to help patients _________.A.learn how to modify various negative attitudes and practices |
B.cultivate a positive view and understanding of the traumatic events |
C.minimize on-going negative effects on their previous and current life |
D.focus on the core trauma themes of safety, trust, power, control, etc. |
A.Its multiple treating assignments. |
B.Its applicable strategies in daily life. |
C.Its higher treatment fulfillment. |
D.Its brain connectivity enhancement. |
A.Post-disaster health is not taken into consideration in the CPT. |
B.CPT proves to be the most successful treatment approach so far. |
C.More researches might be conducted into the effectiveness of CPT in children. |
D.CPT addresses the fundamental causes of patients’ mental health conditions. |
A.The application of Cognitive Processing Therapy. |
B.An introduction to a long-term psychological therapy. |
C.A breakthrough in the psychological medical field. |
D.The limitations of Cognitive Processing Therapy. |
【推荐3】Power from home-based wind turbines (涡轮机) can be used locally, or sold back to the power company to offset power costs. Power companies buy green power from homeowners at retail (零售) rates, rather than the lower wholesale rates.
There is a great deal of power to use in the wind, and even a small homeowner can get involved. An effective way to use wind power is with a home wind turbine. Wind power is inconsistent in most areas of the world, so a wind generator alone is seldom sufficient to power a house.
However, a single wind generator can ease power cost in a household, especially coupled with other forms of clean energy, such as solar power. Multiple turbines can even be connected with a battery storage system for the household that wants to be completely reliant on air for power. One of the most impressive aspects of air as a power source is that once the turbine is in place, it operates at zero carbon production, making it an extremely environmentally friendly power source.
When siting wind turbines, the following factors should be kept in mind: check with the local government for the laws and regulations about siting wind turbines. Wind speeds are always higher at the top of a hill, on a shoreline, and in places clear of trees and other structures. Remember that trees grow over the years; wind turbine towers do not. Ensure neighbors are informed of plans early on to avoid conflict later on. Wind turbines can be a source of green power that will keep paying off for years to come, though the initial investment can be high. Bear in mind that the wind turbines are also likely to cause problems for wildlife, especially birds and bats.
1. What does the underlined word “offset” in paragraph 1 mean?A.Result in. | B.Call off. | C.Make up for. | D.Give rise to. |
A.Wind turbines have a low efficiency. |
B.Sometimes there is little wind to take advantage of. |
C.The household consumes too much electricity. |
D.Wind power is consistent in most areas of the world. |
A.Multiple turbines. | B.A battery storage system. |
C.Solar power. | D.Carbon production. |
A.The best places for siting wind turbines. |
B.The disadvantages of siting wind turbines. |
C.Matters needing attention when siting wind turbines. |
D.Costs and dangers of siting wind turbines ecologically. |