Friday would be Samia and Salem’s wedding day! Everyone in the village was excited and was busy preparing for the happy event. The villagers were very proud of Salem as he worked long hours and cared about the people in his village. While others were enjoying the prewedding celebrations, together with the nurses, the groom was busy delivering a baby in his clinic.
The bride was in her room happily arranging her hair and make-up, getting ready for the arrival of her guests. Her family and friends had excitedly prepared the henna (涂指甲花) party. Grandma and Mum were busy in the kitchen with the food they had made for the henna feast for the day before Friday. Samia’s friend Mariam was making the wedding cake. Her friend Shaikha was collecting the bride’s dress from the tailor. At 12 noon the henna maker arrived. Following the tradition, she started decorating the bride’s hands. There was an air of excitement in the room. Grandma started singing a traditional folk song.
Suddenly, the bride felt a strange tingling (麻刺感) in her hand. It grew worse and worse. Her hand became red and swollen soon. Grandma said, “Oh dear, I think it best that you wash your hands immediately.” As an emergency first aider, Mariam suggested applying some cold cream on Samia’s hand and ran off and returned with some in her hand. Neither of these worked. Mum took control and phoned Salem but in vain. Without hesitation, she took Samia to the hospital urgently with Dad and other friends. Dr Ahmed looked at her hand and said, “You’ve had an allergic reaction to the henna. Tomorrow is your wedding. What about drawing the henna using body colors?” Everyone smiled.
1. What was Salem doing the day before the wedding?| A．Working with the nurses. | B．Decorating the bride’s hands. |
| C．Preparing for the wedding cake. | D．Visiting the tailor for the wedding suit. |
| A．Celebrating a wedding ceremony. | B．Holding a baby’s birthday party. |
| C．Having a feast party. | D．Ordering the wedding dress. |
| A．To get some water. | B．To call a first aider. |
| C．To inform Samia’s mother. | D．To fetch some cream. |
| A．Regretful. | B．Calm. | C．Powerful. | D．Nervous. |
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【推荐1】A blocked airway can kill someone in three to four minutes, but it can take more than eight minutes for an ambulance to arrive. So a simple procedure such as opening someone’s airway can save their life while they’re waiting for emergency medical help. This means you’re more likely to give first aid to someone you know than a stranger.
There are many misconceptions surrounding first aid. Below are the “most popular” ones with details of what you should do.
Top four first aid misconceptions:
You should put butter or cream on a burn. The only thing you should put on a burn is cold water—keep the butter for cooking. Put the affected area under cold running water for at least ten minutes.
The best way to treat bleeding is to put the wound under a tap. If you put a bleeding wound under a tap, you wash away the body’s clotting agents (凝血剂) and make it bleed more. Instead, put pressure on the wound with whatever is available to stop or slow down the flow of blood. As soon as possible call 911. Keep pressure on the wound until help arrives.
Nosebleeds are best treated by putting the head back. If you put the head back during a nosebleed, all the blood goes down the back of the airway. Instead, advise them to tilt (倾斜) their head forwards and ask them to pinch (捏) the end of their nose and breathe through their mouth.
You need lots of training to do first aid. You don’t—what you mostly need is common sense. You can learn enough first aid knowledge in a few minutes to save someone’s life—whether it’s from reading a book, attending a course or watching videos online.
Remember that anyone can save a life.
1. The most important point to save an airway blocked person’s life is to __________.| A．keep his airway open |
| B．ensure the ambulance’s arriving time |
| C．keep the surroundings quiet |
| D．ask for emergency medical help immediately |
| A．put some cream on the burn area |
| B．heat up some butter for the burn |
| C．place the burn under cold running water |
| D．cover the affected area |
| A．It will help the bleeding stop at once. |
| B．The wound will help produce more clotting agents. |
| C．It will produce more pressure on the wound. |
| D．The wound will bleed more and it is hard to stop the bleeding. |
| A．How to learn first aid by yourself. |
| B．Some misunderstandings about first aid. |
| C．The importance of first aid. |
| D．How to help medical team. |
【推荐2】Sunstroke is a condition that can quickly go from dangerous to deadly, especially if proper care isn’t given immediately.
Sunstroke, sometimes called heatstroke, is a result of the body temperature rising above safe limits. This causes the body’s necessary functions to stop working.
It’s usually pretty easy to avoid sunstroke, as long as proper action is taken. In that case, you need to act as quickly as possible to return that person’s body to a safe temperature. Here are a few tips to help treat sunstroke.
Call for help
Call to get an ambulance as quickly as possible. This should be the first thing you do, especially if the sunstroked person has fainted (昏迷). Also, call for help from anyone nearby if you’re in a public place. If there’s no one around, call someone nearby if they can get there sooner than an ambulance. Ask everyone to bring you as much water as possible, if there isn’t much nearby.
Get the person to a cooler area
If there’s a building nearby, aim for that. Anywhere with plenty of air conditioning and water is perfect. If a building isn’t available, bring the person to a well shaded area.
Get the water flowing
If the person is still conscious, get him or her to drink water. If there’s a bathtub available, fill it with cool water and put the person in it.
If your water supply is limited, you have to save it. Dampen a towel or shirt and put it on the person’s body. Focus on the face, neck, and chest.
Fan the person
Getting moving air over the person cools him or her down. Use anything, a towel or sheet, a shirt, your hands, or a piece of board. This is where having many people around really helps, as they can combine to fan the entire body.
1. When does a person get sunstrok?| A．When the body doesn’t function. |
| B．When proper care is given immediately. |
| C．When someone is exposed to the sun too long. |
| D．When the body temperature goes up beyond what one can bear. |
| A．The first aid for sunstroke. |
| B．The cause of sunstroke. |
| C．The chief symptoms of sunstroke. |
| D．The essential preventions of sunstroke. |
| A．To call for assistance from others. |
| B．To leave the sunstroked person in the shade. |
| C．To apply a wet towel to the person’s face. |
| D．To help the person take some medicine. |
| A．a guide book | B．a book review |
| C．a medical magazine | D．an official document |
【推荐3】First aid is the emergency care for a victim’s (受害人) sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available.First aid may save a life or improve certain vital (生命攸关的) signs including pulse, temperature, an unobstructed airway, and breathing.In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim’s condition from worsening and provide relief (解除) from pain.First aid must be carried out as quickly as possible.In the case of the seriously injured, a few minutes can make a difference between a complete recovery and the loss of life.
First-aid measures depend upon a victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skills.Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do.Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to the everlasting spinal injury and paralysis (永久性脊髓伤害和瘫痪).
Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid can be used for all emergencies.The first step is to call for the professional medical help.The victim, if conscious (有知觉的), should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid.Next, assess (估计) the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions (原先就存在的疾病) such as diabetes (糖尿病) or heart trouble.Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.
First aid requires rapid assessment (估计) of victims to determine whether life threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating (估计) a victim’s condition is known by the acronym (只取首字母缩写词) ABC, which stands for:
A－Airway: Is it open and unobstructed?
B－Breathing: Is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing．
C－Circulation: Is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally (体表上)? Check the skin color and temperature for the additional indications of circulation problems．
Once the obvious injuries have been evaluated, the injured person’s head should be kept in a neutral position in line with the body. If no evidence exists to suggest the potential skull (头骨) or spinal injury, place the injured person in a comfortable position. Positioned on one side, a victim can throw up without choking (窒息) or obstructing the airway.
1. The underlined word “unobstructed” has the closest meaning to _________| A．choke | B．stuck | C．free | D．long |
| A．When the victim is in a dangerous surrounding. |
| B．When the victim doesn’t breathe. |
| C．When the victim has the spinal injury. |
| D．When the victim suffers a skull injury. |
| A．Checking the victim’s ABC. |
| B．Calling for the professional medical aid. |
| C．Positioning the victim’s head properly. |
| D．Doing first aid immediately. |
