【推荐1】It is interesting to see that the force of only 6 or 7 people pushing in the same direction can cause up to 1,000 pounds of force—enough to break brick walls. During a fatal stampede (蜂拥), people can even die standing up. People die when pressure is put to their bodies in a front to back direction, causing them not to be able to breathe.

If you are in a crowd, the first and most important thing is to make yourself familiar with your surroundings and find different exits. No matter where you are, make sure you always know how to get out.

Make yourself aware of the type of the ground you are standing on, and know that in a crowd of moving people wet ground can cause you to fall.

When in danger, a few seconds can make a difference, giving you the possibility of making use of your escaping route. Always stay closer to the escape route. If you find yourself in the middle of a moving crowd, do not fight against the pressure and do not stand still or sit down, because you can easily get trampled (踩踏). Instead, move in the same direction of the crowd; make use of any space that may open up to move sideways to the crowd movement where the flow is weaker.

Keep your hands up by your chest, like a boxer—it gives you movement and protects your chest. If you fall, get up quickly. If you can’t get up because you are injured, get someone to pull you up. If you have kids, lift them up. If you fall and cannot get up, keep moving in the same direction of the crowd, or if that is not possible, then cover your head with your arms; do not lie on your stomach or back.

1. Why may people in a stampede die standing up?

A．They can’t breathe freely.

B．They push in the same direction.

C．They are not able to get up.

D．They aren’t familiar with the surroundings.

2. What does the underlined word n fatal” mean in the first paragraph?

A．Harmful.	B．Shocking.
C．Deadly.	D．Hateful.

3. What should we do to make a difference when in danger?

A．Fight against the pressure.

B．Stand still where you are.

C．Sit down covering your head.

D．Move along the escape route.

4. What does the writer mainly want to tell us in the passage?

A．How to stay far away from a crowd.

B．What to do when you are in a crowd.

C．Where to go when you are in danger.

D．How to get along with a big crowd.

【推荐2】Do you know how to deal with failure at school? Four steps will help you get the most out of each failure and more on.

    1     When you feel bad after failing, talk with your parents or good friends, or any other adult. Then decide to take the duty to improve yourself. Read the teachers’ comments on your test carefully.

Ask yourself what you were trying to do and why you failed.     2     Maybe you didn’t have all the information you needed; maybe you made a mistake or a poor decision. If so, give yourself a pat on the back. Fewer people ever get something right the first time they try it, and often it takes them many times.    3     Sometimes the failure isn’t because of something you did or didn’t do; it is someone else’s fault. But don’t spend time blaming them; instead, move on toward your goals.

    4     Review the situation to see what your choices are. There is a different between making a decision and giving up. Deciding to follow a better way is one thing; simply walking away means you really have failed.

Keep trying again. Successful people are different because they choose their next steps instead of just reacting to feelings. If a goal still important to you, figure out what to do and go after it again.    5    

A．No pains, no gains.

B．Don’t give up easily.

C．Failure is unavoidable.

D．Remove your bad feelings.

E．If it isn’t, do your best on something else.

F．Actually it was because you were very lazy.

G．Usually it was because you were trying out a new skill or learning a new subject.

【推荐3】How to create an effective action plan

Creating a powerful action plan always begins with having a clear purpose or goal in mind. It is designed to take you from wherever you are right now directly to the accomplishment of your stated goal.     1    

Know what you want to do. The less clear you are about what you want to do，the less effective your plan will be.     2    You may figure it out before starting your project.

Work backwards from your end goal. Identify your end goal，then list everything you need to do to accomplish it.     3    After you know what you need to accomplish，break this down into small steps to help you create a more realistic plan.

Break large tasks down into smaller ones.     4    If you’re feeling confused about a large task，what can help ease your anxiety and make it more practical is breaking it down into smaller ones.

    5    Without specific time frames and deadlines，some tasks may never get completed. No matter what action items you choose for which stage of your action plan，it is significant that a time frame should be attached to absolutely everything.

A．Put timelines on everything.

B．Be clear about what you want to achieve anytime.

C．Some tasks may seem more difficult to achieve than others.

D．Try to specifically define what you want to achieve as early as possible.

E．Keep in mind that your plan may change as you work toward your goal.

F．Depending on your goal，you may even consider different ways to reach your goal.

G．With a well－designed plan，you can achieve nearly any goal you set out to accomplish.

【推荐1】A good way to look at failure straight in the face is by writing a failure resume(简历)or CV. Like social media，there，we usually only see our friends’“highlight part”. When we look at others’resumes，we get scared and think how ours doesn’t measure up. But even the most accomplished people have plenty of failure behind them—we just don’t see it.

Stefan felt this deeply as a scientist，so she wrote a different CV which of course boasted (夸耀)about her good grades，PhD，and published papers. But the way she deals with her failure CV is a model of what we could a11 do.

“My CV does not reflect my great academic efforts—it does not mention the exams I failed，my unsuccessful PhD or scholarship applications，or the papers never accepted for publication. During the interviews，I talk about the one project that worked，not about the many that failed，”writes Stefan in a column for Nature.com.

Stefan suggests keeping a draft on which you log，casually but regularly，every unsuccessful application，refused grant proposal and rejected paper.

And that’s the point：not to consider what we got wrong，but to use that information to both look at failure and realize it’s really okay，and also to use our failures for another purpose：as learning tools.

The point is to be real—with ourselves and about how the world works. Being real means taking an honest，critical，but also kind look at what we didn’t get right，and then doing our best to change what we can. Instead of focusing on how that failure makes you feel，take the time to step back and analyze the practical，operational reasons that you failed.

So，prctice being okay with failure，and turning your failures into lessons learned. And yes，sometimes we have to learn those lessons more than once，letting go of what you can’t change. And keep moving forward to success.

1. What does the underlined word“it”in the first paragraph refer to?

A．Plenty of failure.	B．A failure resume.
C．Highlight part.	D．Social media.

2. What did Stefan intend to tell us in paragraph 3?

A．A11 her failures in her career.

B．Benefits she got from her failures.

C．The content of her own resume.

D．The difference between her resume and others’.

3. What does Stefan advise us to do in our careers?

A．Regard failures as part of our life.

B．Keep a record of our failures.

C．Value our achievements.

D．Long for failures.

4. Which of the following best describes the author’s opinion?

A．No pains，no gains.

B．A11 roads lead to Rome.

C．Where there is a will，there is a way.

D．Failure is the mother of success.

【推荐2】Many teens make risky decisions， such as careless driving or too much drinking． Some of those choices can kill them． Teens may behave in this way because they don't know the possibility of a bad result． Or they may do it because they don't care． In fact， a new study suggests that the second choice is the more likely one．

Wouter van den Bos and Ralph Hertwig are psychologists at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin， Germany． They study how people search out information and make decisions according to what they have learned and made an experiment to see if they could solve why teens behave this way． They recruited（招募）105 people， all from 8 to 22 years old． By including different ages， the researchers could test how behavior changes from childhood through to young adulthood．

All played a kind of game． Over and over， they had to choose between taking a guaranteed（确保的）prize of five euros or turning a wheel． The wheel was divided into 10 parts． Some were orange， others blue． If the wheel stopped turning on an orange part， the player won or lost money． This could be between 3 and 32 euros． But if the wheel stopped on a blue part， they got nothing． Each of them played the game 108 times．

① The flve-euro choice was a guaranteed win． It had no risk． However， players who chose to turn the wheel had anywhere from a 10- to 90- percent chance of winning - or losing money． So turning the wheel was a risky choice．

② Teens were more likely to turn the wheel， van den Bos and Hertwig found． The teens didn't care about the lack of information on the risk they were taking． Children and adults， however， avoided those uncertain situations． Instead， they chose the guaranteed reward in the game．

③ "In the teenage years， there is a lot to explore and to learn by exploration，" van den Bos says． Many experiences are new， he says， and teens don't know how they will turn out． "Many of situations are not dangerous and are helpful in becoming an independent adult． So in general， this seems to be good for them，" he says．

④ But， he warns， it's also good to consider whether a behavior may have very harmful results． Where that's the case， he points out， teens should stop to think before they act．

The results are exciting， says Valerie Reyna． A psychologist at Cornell University in Ithaca， N．Y．， she was not involved with the new work． "The most important part of this research is the careful use of lab tasks that separate exploring the unknown from taking risks，" she says．

1. According to the passage， teens prefer to behave in a risky way because ______ ．

A．they don't care much about the result

B．they don't know the possible result

C．they try to avoid uncertain situations

D．they care about the guaranteed prize

2. Which of the following is TRUE about the experiment？ ______

A．It studies how people search out information and make risky decisions．

B．Valerie Reyna was excited because she took part in the experiment．

C．People of different ages were included to see how behavior changes．

D．Teens were able to win money when wheels stopped on orange parts．

3. The researchers think that teens' choices ______ ．

A．are too risky

B．have both good and bad sides

C．do them good

D．have no effect on their life

4. The sentence "Teenagers' risk-taking behavior is meaningful．" should be best placed in ______ ．

A．①	B．②
C．③	D．④