Are you afraid of going to the dentist(牙医)?If so, you’re not alone.
These fears could just be in our heads, however. According to a recent survey by Martin Tickle, a professor at the University of Manchester in the UK, the pain isn’t felt most of the time in dental surgeries(牙科手术). In fact, among the 451 interviewed patients, 75％reported no pain at all during their visits, including situations when they had their teeth pulled out.
Could it be the sound of the drill(钻头)then?
“I found that the sound of drilling can evoke deep worry in dental patients. Actually they don’t have any pain, ”Hiroyuki Karibe, a scientist at Nippon Dental University in Tokyo, told The Guardian.
To find the reason why a drill might bring on a racing heart, Karibe divided the volunteers into low-fear and high-fear groups based on how much they feared a trip to the dentist. Volunteers were played the sound of a drill while their brain activities were watched by a machine.
What Karibe found in the low-fear group was increased activity in the areas of the brain relative to auditory processing(听觉处理), which means, for these people, the sound of dental drills is no different from other sounds.
In the high-fear group, however, the brain area that was activated(激活)was different. It was the area that carries out a number of duties, including learning, feelings and, most importantly, memory. This means that these volunteers not only heard the sound, but they remembered it——they made connections between the sound of a drill and the worry it produced in the past, causing their worry to return.
Understanding how brains reply to the sounds of dentists’ drills could help scientists find ways to make patients more relaxed, according to Karibe, because patients who worry about going to the dentist might keep putting off their visits. But the best way is to keep your teeth healthy.
1. How does the writer explain that the pain isn’t felt most of the time in dental surgeries?| A．By showing facts with numbers. | B．By asking questions one by one. |
| C．B y giving examples group by group. | D．By comparing results of patients. |
| A．减轻 | B．引起 |
| C．显示 | D．阻止 |
| A．It produced some worry in the volunteers in the low-fear group. |
| B．For the low-fear group, it activated the brain area dealing with learning, feelings and memory. |
| C．For the high-fear group，it caused more activities in the brain area relative to auditory processing. |
| D．It made people in the high-fear group remember their past uncomfortable memories. |
| A．How the study might be useful. |
| B．Some new ways to treat teeth. |
| C．The proper way to treat dental patients. |
| D．The importance of keeping our teeth healthy. |
| A．To show US different areas of fear in brains． |
| B．To introduce US a recent survey by a scientist． |
| C．To help US have less fear of a trip to the dentist． |
| D．To make it clear that the sound of drilling is not terrible． |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】If you are a parent of young children who browses parenting websites, you will at some point be invited, through targeted advertising, to enrol your child in a Global Maths Skill Assessment — “to see how they compare to peers globally”. You may be urged to consider the possibility — no, probability — that they are “gifted” in some way, if not in maths, then in music or art. It’s window-dressing (门面粉饰) for subscription (订阅) services, but the other day, a line caught my eye that I haven’t been able to forget. “Talent isn’t everything; the important thing is to teach your child to be kind.”
This positioning of “kindness” as the opposite of “talent” is common once you start looking for it. Kindness is, everywhere: the consolation (安慰) prize, the award for perfect attendance. A few years ago, none of this would have struck me as noteworthy. I believed a tendency towards kindness wasn’t something we were born with, but instead something entirely reliant on cultivation. These days I wonder about that, and about our determination to see it that way.
It brings us to the problem of kindness; not only the fact that, in plenty of settings, it can be a code for weakness or neediness, but the fact that the word itself has been emptied out through misuse. Real kindness is not this. Kindness, I try to tell my children, is strength. My child who is always kind to others is frequently confused by the unfriendliness of others, at which point I have to bite my tongue. “Jessica was rude to you because she’s silly” is not what I’m going to teach my seven-year-old.
Can you teach someone to be kind? Of course, but also only sort of, not entirely. You can discipline them with reason and rewards in the same way you can send them to piano every week and eventually they’ll learn to play Twinkle Twinkle. The fact remains that some people are kinder than others not as a result of external forces but from some inborn ability. The ancient Greek storyteller Aesop said, “No act of kindness, no matter how small, is ever wasted.” Two thousand years later, it remains a hard sell.
1. Parenting websites often make use of various assessments of children’s talent to ________.| A．increase the click-through rate | B．promote their targeted training |
| C．remind parents of their children’s talent | D．have parents subscribe their services |
| A．kindness is viewed as the opposite of talent |
| B．consolation prize is a kind gesture that should be promoted |
| C．kind deeds are no easy to find |
| D．kindness deserves to be noticed in the contemporary society |
| A．Say nothing. | B．Let out my anger. |
| C．Harm oneself accidentally. | D．Explain something in pain. |
| A．Every child is talented, either in maths, music, art or kindness. |
| B．Kindness is your strength to talk back when offended. |
| C．Kindness is not something that can be easily taught. |
| D．Teaching can bring about children’s tendency towards kindness. |
【推荐2】If your partner gets down on one knee to propose, or you get a call with the job offer, your reaction might be to shout it from the rooftops. But new research suggests that keeping good news a secret before telling someone else could make people feel more energized.
“Decades of research on secrecy suggest it is bad for our well-being. However, this work has only examined keeping secrets that have negative effects for our lives. Is secrecy inherently bad for our well-being or do the negative effects of secrecy tend to originate from keeping negative secrets?” asked lead researcher of the latest research Michael Slepian, PhD, a professor of business at Columbia University.
In the experiment, some participants were asked to reflect on the good news they kept secret, while others reflected on good news that was not secret, and then rated how energized the news made them feel and whether they intended to share the news with someone else. The researchers found that the participants who reflected on their positive secrets reported feeling more energized than the participants who thought about their good news that was not secret.
The research nuances our understanding of the science of secrets. Negative secrets tend to deplete us and have also been linked to anxiety and depression. Positive secrets, however, seem to have an energizing effect and make people alive. One factor could be that people often have different motivations for keeping good news to themselves. Those with positive secrets were much more likely to keep quiet for internal reasons, not because they felt any outside pressures.
“People sometimes go to great lengths to plan revealing a positive secret to make it all the more exciting. This kind of surprise can be intensely enjoyable, but surprise is the most fleeting of our emotions, ” Slepian said. “Having extra time days, weeks or even longer-to imagine the joyful surprise on another person’s face allows us more time with this exciting moment, even if only in our own minds.”
1. What did Michael Slepian think of the previous research on secrecy?| A．One-sided. | B．Pointless. | C．Convincing. | D．Pioneering. |
| A．they were optimistic and cheerful. |
| B．they were free from secrets. |
| C．they had undisclosed positive secrets. |
| D．they had shared good news with others. |
| A．Spoil. | B．Exhaust. | C．Confuse. | D．Panic. |
| A．Never reveal a secret casually. |
| B．Let your imagination run wild. |
| C．Be creative when surprising others. |
| D．Delay sharing a positive secret. |
【推荐3】We all know that water is tasteless. But it happens from time to time: you pick up the bottle of water you didn’t finish yesterday, and it tastes strange. Most often, you tend to drop the bottle in the trash bin, believing that the water has gone bad. But is it true?
According to Time, of course not, taste has little to do with quality of water.
According to Time, when water is exposed to the air for 12 hours, CO2 interacts with the H2O in the water, and the pH value lowers slightly. As a result, the water has a different taste.
“But it’s most likely safe to drink,” Norwegian expert Truls Krogh told Science Nordic. “If the water is covered and of good quality to start with, in principle it can last a thousand years. That’s because when water is fresh, it contains little organic matter. As long as water is held in clean glasses or bottles, no pollutants will enter it to harm our health.”
People in countries like the US, the UK and Australia usually drink tap water. According to Time, if tap water is drunk within six months, the chlorine(氯气)in the water will be enough to kill any bacteria and keep it safe to drink.
However, there are also some exceptions. If you accidentally put your fingers into water or store water in unclean containers day after day, microorganism (微生物) will enter the water.
With the help v of surrounding temperature, and sunlight streaming through windows, these microorganisms multiply quickly. Sooner or later, the water will be in the charge of the unfriendly bacteria. And if you drink the water too often, then you’re more likely to be ill.
And what about water in plastic bottles? Heat and plastic are a bad combination, US researcher Kellogg Schwab stresses. When plastic bottles are used at high temperatures, they produce a chemical called BPA.BPA is something that affects hormones (荷尔蒙) and research has tentatively linked it to “several health damage, including heart disease and cancer”, Time reported.
Schwab suggests replacing disposable (一次性的) plastic bottles with the refillable containers made of metal or glass to deal with BPA.
1. The purpose of the first paragraph is to ________.| A．show an example | B．draw a conclusion |
| C．set a background | D．introduce a topic |
| A．BPA does little harm to our health. |
| B．Tap water is always safe to drink. |
| C．Microorganisms are easy to produce in the heat. |
| D．Disposable plastic bottles have been forbidden already. |
| A．Why Is Water Tasteless? | B．How to Get Clean Water |
| C．Does Water Really Go Bad? | D．Learn to Protect Water |
【推荐1】My daughter, Liora Saraik, aged 13, is beautiful, positive and humorous. Her father and I love her, but she has life-long conditions: uncontrolled epilepsy and autism. She meets the government’s definition of vulnerable and should have been able to go to school when lockdown started.
So why are we not sending her to school? On the first day of the lockdown, I spoke to a school staff member on the phone. “It’s up to you, of course, but I wouldn’t send her,” he said. “I can’t see how it can be safe.”
Many of the pupils like Liora, can’t speak or understand simple words such as food, drink, toilet. They don’t know anything about the virus. Many are also violent to parents and teachers and they are not able to stop biting, punching and kicking. Liora is not violent to others, but she is to herself, banging her own head with her fists when in pain or frustrated.
Liora’s head teacher, Adrian Carver, says if he lets more children into school, they could simply die of contracting coronavirus. He has to run desperate parents away, which he hates doing, as he knows it is not easy for us.
But clearly he has no idea of how hard it is for thousands of families in the crisis to care for their vulnerable children full-time. Parents like myself can’t provide what a school can offer. We have constant big challenges with personal care, and with sleep deprivation, as our children are often up in the night. Without school, it’s not only our children who are vulnerable, it’s the whole family.
So what do we need? I want recognition at the highest level for families caring for their disabled children. I want professional carers to be valued and paid properly for their specialist skills caring for children like Liora. Skilled carers leave their jobs because their wages are so low. We parents are in a constant fight with each other, first to get carers and then to keep them — we are like rats in a trap.
1. What is the problem with the writer?| A．She couldn’t afford to send her daughter to a special school. |
| B．She didn’t know how to communicate with her daughter. |
| C．She was afraid of contracting coronavirus by working in a special school. |
| D．She was stressed out by caring for her vulnerable daughter full time. |
| A．all the schools were closed | B．she was turned down by the school |
| C．her mother can keep her safe at home | D．her teacher was afraid of desperate parents |
| A．Offended but hopeful. | B．Exhausted and annoyed. |
| C．Calm but depressed. | D．Puzzled and impatient. |
| A．draw attention to families with special needs in this crisis |
| B．appeal to sill carers to help her family |
| C．complain about the school that mistreated her daughter |
| D．seek guidance on the upbringing of vulnerable children |
【推荐2】Two new community initiatives offering the opportunity to borrow everything from sewing machines to party supplies are aiming to reduce waste and consumption.
Tools n Things Library in Leederville, Perth is a community library designed to allow community members to get access to the things they might need around the house instead of buying them in a hardware (五金店) store.
“That’s our philosophy — don’t buy, borrow. Many people buy things just for a small task at home, and then they won’t use them for a couple of years,” library volunteer Rex Breheny said.
The project is run by volunteers who founded it in 2019, and after an interruption in 2020 because of the pandemic (大流行病), it has now grown to several hundred members who can come and borrow things twice a week. In a way it is a return to an old tradition of neighbors borrowing each other’s tools and forming connections in the process.
Tools n Things Library is the first of its kind in Perth, and another called Share Shed has just started in Bassendean. Its co-founder Renee McLennan said they wanted to expand beyond tools to all sorts of things that people might use rarely, like camping equipment or entertaining needs.
“We’re doing the kind of equipment you’d use for a party. Instead of everybody buying disposable plates, and cups and things like that, we’ve got quality glasses and cutlery (餐具), as well as decorations that people can use for those events that they might have once a year,” she said.
The Share Shed is being considered as a way to tackle consumer culture. The world cannot continue to support our current level of resource consumption — at present overconsumption means that each year we consume 75 per cent more than the planet can regenerate.
“Borrowing items and shifting our thinking from an ownership to an access model helps to reduce the number of things that are produced and limits waste. At the same time, sharing the things that we use every now and then is a great way of connecting with people who live locally,” Bod Anderson, an officer in Perth said.
1. Why were the initiatives launched?| A．To introduce two new communities. |
| B．To advocate consuming fewer resources. |
| C．To call on people to fight against pandemic. |
| D．To encourage people to borrow daily necessities. |
| A．It is out of use. | B．It is well received. |
| C．It is out of fashion. | D．It is often interrupted. |
| A．Wider options. | B．Better quality. |
| C．Longer duration. | D．Newer equipment. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Supportive. | C．Critical. | D．Objective. |
【推荐3】The Impossible Burger is a burger that tastes exactly like a beef, but is made using vegetables and science. There are many kinds of plant-based burgers for people who don’t eat meat, but this one is made for meat lovers. The company that makes this burger, Impossible Foods, wants to produce all foods that we get from animals to protect the environment.
At the Impossible Foods lab in California, scientist Celeste Holz-Schietinger works on the taste of the burger. She looks for the key points of beef - its smells, sound, and look. Then those points are copied using plant-based ingredients. The key ingredient is heme(血红素), which is taken from plants and looks and tastes like blood. This ingredient gives the burger its red color before it is cooked. After cooked with these ingredients, the burger will have a crispy(脆的) and meaty taste.
The Impossible Burger has the same nutrition as beef. In fact, taste, nutrition, and reducing greenhouse gases are all important for creating the burger.
Cows are actually terrible for the environment. They need lots of land and water, and they create greenhouse gases. To make a burger, it takes as much water as a 10-minute shower, 75 square feet of land, as well as creating 18 driving miles of greenhouse gasses. However, an Impossible Burger uses 95% less land, 75% less water, and creates 85-87% less greenhouse gasses than a beef burger.
That’s why this burger was made for meat lovers. The purpose is for them to less eat meat in order to protect the environment. At the same time they can still eat delicious burgers that taste like real meat.
Want to try the Impossible Burger? It can be found in Texas, Nevada, California, and New York. Click here the Impossible Foods website for the full list of restaurants and cities.
1. What is the feature of Impossible Burger?| A．It’s environmentally friendly. | B．It’s only for meat lovers. |
| C．It’s based on plants. | D．It’s a substitute for common burger. |
| A．Production of the Impossible Burger. | B．Ingredients of the Impossible Burger. |
| C．Research for the production. | D．Work on the taste of the burger. |
| A．By drawing a conclusion | B．By making a comparison. |
| C．By doing an experiment. | D．By listing important statistics. |
| A．In a travel journal. | B．On a farm. |
| C．On a website. | D．At a restaurant. |
【推荐1】Nowadays, it is more common for people to express their thoughts in an e-mail or text. In fact, more and more students use technology for written communication in their lives. Even so, research shows that teaching handwriting skills has its benefits (好处). However, are the benefits worth spending valuable classroom time on teaching handwriting skills when students could be learning more about computer keyboarding?
States across the country have good reasons to require students to learn computer keyboarding skills. For one, students are learning a technology that will help them communicate faster with more people and in many different forms, such as e-mails, websites, blogs, and so on. Also, the better a student's computer keyboarding skills, the greater the chance that student has to become a better writer. Computer tools such as the grammar and spell check make correcting quick and easy, although not 100% accurate (准确无误的). With these and many other tools, students gain important computer skills. Furthermore, students no longer have to worry about their writing being graded poorly by teachers. All in all, computer keyboarding skills are a step in the right direction.
Still, the advantages of computer keyboarding skills may not be enough to leave handwriting instruction in the dust. Marlena Hamilton, professor of neurology at University of Pennsylvania, did an experiment with her co-workers to study what happens in students' brains when writing. They found that many of the areas of the brain light up. These are the same areas that are used to learn to read. They then wondered if the same would be true when students looked at letters on a keyboard. “What we found,” she states, “is that brains are much less involved when we just view letters. When we actually use our hands to make things, the brain works much harder.”
Schools across the nation are looking at the evidence and deciding what to do. William McIntyre, a reading coach at Sunshine Elementary School in Albany, New York, says, “What we have learned from the research is that learning handwriting benefits students educationally. What we also know is that students need to be taught keyboarding skills.” Now, it is up to each school to make a decision.
1. What does the second paragraph mainly want to show?| A．The roles of computer tools. |
| B．The importance of communication skills. |
| C．The advantages of keyboarding skills. |
| D．The necessity of developing writing skills. |
| A．Worried | B．Doubtful | C．Supportive | D．Uncaring |
| A．Handwriting is helpful for learning. |
| B．Keyboarding skills are very useful. |
| C．Keyboarding makes our brain more active. |
| D．Handwriting is more difficult than keyboarding. |
| A．Whether schools should still teach handwriting. |
| B．Whether schools should offer computer classes. |
| C．Whether students should learn keyboarding skills. |
| D．Whether students should use the grammar and spell check. |
【推荐2】Whenever something looks interesting or beautiful, there is a natural desire of us to capture (捕捉) and preserve it — which means, in this day and age, that we are likely to reach for our phones to take a picture.
Though this would seem to be an ideal solution, there are two big problems associated with taking pictures. Firstly, we are likely to be so busy taking pictures that we forget to look at the world whose beauty and interest encourage us to take a photograph in the first place. And secondly, because we feel the pictures are safely stored on our phones, we never get around to looking at them, so sure are we that we’ll get around to them one day.
The first person to notice the problems was the English art critic (评论家), John Ruskin. He was a keen traveler who realized that most tourists make a poor job of noticing or remembering the beautiful things they see. He argued that humans have a natural tendency to respond to beauty and desire to have it, but there are better and worse expressions of this desire. At worse, we get into buying souvenirs or taking photographs. But, in Ruskin’s eyes, there’s just one thing we should do — attempting to draw the interesting things we see, regardless of whether we happen to have any talent for doing so.
Ruskin said, “Drawing can teach us to see: to notice properly rather than gaze absent-mindedly. In the process of recreating with our own hand what lies before our eyes, we naturally move from a position of observing beauty in a loose way to one where we acquire a deep understanding of its parts.”
Ruskin deplored the blindness and hurry of modern tourists, especially those who prided themselves on travelling around the whole Europe in a week by train, “No changing of places at a hundred miles an hour will make us stronger, happier, or wiser. There was always more in the world than men could see, if they ever walked slowly; they will see it no better for going fast. The really precious things are thoughts and sights, not pace.”
1. According to Paragraph 2, when taking pictures, people tend to ___________.| A．forget to appreciate something attractive on the spot |
| B．find it hard to learn skills of taking good pictures |
| C．find a good way to keep things in their minds |
| D．have a chance to meet the challenge of new technology |
| A．To speak it out openly. | B．To photograph it instantly. |
| C．To purchase it directly. | D．To paint it immediately. |
| A．considerate and determined | B．active and adventurous |
| C．creative and thoughtful | D．sensitive and ambitious |
| A．appreciated | B．criticized |
| C．favored | D．ignored |
【推荐3】● Peppa Pig movie adaptation, composed of live action and animation, is scheduled to hit Chinese theatres on Feb. 5th.
The movie " Peppa Celebrates Chinese New Year " shrouds (裹) the main characters in a Spring Festival atmosphere, including having a New Year's Dinner Party with her family and friends, a big part of Chinese New Year traditions.
Peppa Pig, which has taken kids by storm all around the world, was first introduced to China in 2015. Now the movie adaptation will celebrate the coming of 2019, which is the Year of the Pig according to the Chinese Zodiac (生肖)。
● This year was a landmark year for movie fans, but next year will also be full of blockbusters and future classics.
"I think there're two massive cinema moments we know about in 2019, of which is "Avengers 4".I think we're going to see more kinds of issues of representation and diversity actually dealt with in a really positive way. "
"Avengers: Endgame" will hit theaters worldwide in April.
● White says there are two more Disney blockbusters to look forward to next year.
"I think realistically, Disney owns so many hugely successful franchises(专营权). You know, they're got the big things like ' The Lion King' and ' Toy Story 4' , which are already getting so much buzz(口碑)."
"The lion King" will be released in July.
Eight years since their last adventure, Buzz, Woody and the rest of the "Toy Story" gang return in the long-awaited fourth film in the series, to be released in June.
● A film called " Chinese Captain" based on a true story of the Chinese pilots will be produced by Bona Film Group in 2019, reports ynet .cn.
At an altitude of 9,000 meters on its way from Chongqing to Lhasa, the cockpit window in front of the co-pilot burst. Co-pilot Xu Ruichen was pulled halfway out of the window due to the sudden cabin decompression, and the control panel was badly damaged. In the face of this extreme situation, Pilot Liu Chuanjian remained calm and brought the plane to a safe emergency landing in Chengdu with no loss of life.
1. What do the four sections talk about in common?| A．Movies coming out in 2019. | B．Adaptations made by Disney Company. |
| C．Series performed by famous actors. | D．Popular films' across the world.. |
| A．Peppa Celebrates Chinese New Year. | B．The Lion King. |
| C．Chinese Captain. | D．Toy Story |
| A．They are all great. | B．Many of them are terribly successful. |
| C．Many of them are huge in length. | D．The two things are the best ever. |
| A．Peppa Celebrates Chinese New Year. | B．The Lion King. |
| C．Chinese Captain. | D．Toy Story A. |
【推荐1】The Galápagos: Evolution in Action
11 days, 10 nights, 14 travelers
Departs March 14, May 23 and November 21, 2020
Charles Darwin called the Galápagos Islands “a little world within itself”. This journey lets you explore the world’s most fascinating wildlife destination while traveling in comfort. Experience evolution in progress and learn more about these historic islands. Visit islands with wildlife species (物种) that exist nowhere else in the world. See giant tortoises and seabirds, and swim with sea lions.
Winter in Yellowstone
7 days, 6 nights, 25 travelers
Departs January 10 and 24, 2020
Yellowstone National Park is magical, where visitors are few and wildlife viewing is wonderful. In the freezing air, see mud pots and pouring springs strangely covered in steam. The journey puts one of our greatest ecosystems on full display. View wildlife in their habitat as few see them.
Flying in Zero Gravity
7 days, 6 nights, 25 travelers
Departs March 12, 2020
The fantasy of floating through the air, weightless, is one that has been realized by only a few. Now, you can experience it for yourself. Join one of the famous ZERO-G Experience flights for a true weightless experience. You’ll also learn about the frontiers in the universe scientists are seeking to control.
A Family Hunt for Dinosaurs
6 days, 5 nights, 25 travelers
Departs June 25, 2020
Join this adventure to western Colorado’s red rock country, for children 8 and older and their families. Go behind the scenes at a university laboratory for a special hands-on experience to learn how fossils (化石) are cleaned, identified and preserved. Dig on your own for 250-million-year-old fossils, which you can bring home.
1. What did Charles Darwin say about the Galápagos Islands?| A．It had a small population. | B．It was actually a small island. |
| C．It had unique wildlife species. | D．It was a rarely visited island. |
| A．Winter in Yellowstone. | B．Flying in Zero Gravity. |
| C．A Family Hunt for Dinosaurs. | D．The Galápagos: Evolution in Action. |
| A．Attend a lecture about fossils. | B．Learn to identify the red rocks. |
| C．Spend a week in the lab. | D．Discover ancient fossils. |
【推荐2】Happy, angry, amazed—these are some of the emotions we like to express these days when we’re sending a message on our smart phones! That’s why many of us now add little pictures to our texts to brighten up someone’s mobile screen but we’re also using them as a quick way of telling someone how we’re feeling. Yes, emojis (表情符号) have become a popular tool for communication.
The emoji was first invented in Japan in the late 1990s and the word “emoji” comes from the Japanese words for “picture” and “character”. The number of different images has greatly increased since then and now we have a picture for nearly every mood or situation.
Why are emojis widely used today? Professor Vyv Evans says, “Increasingly, what we’re finding is that digital communication is replacing face-to-face talk in some ways. One of the reasons why emojis are so interesting is that they really do enable us to express our emotional selves much more effectively.”
Another advantage of emojis is that they are an international language—they don’t use words but tell a message with pictures so they can be easily understood whatever your native language is.
But as linguist (语言学家) Neil Cohn says, “To many, emojis are an exciting evolution (进化) of the way we communicate; but to others, they are linguistic Armageddon.” It does show by using emojis, there is a lot more to our communication than words alone, but does this also mean that the traditional writing will die out one day?
1. What is implied(暗示) in Paragraph 2?| A．The emoji was first invented in Japan. |
| B．The word “emoji” only means “picture” and “character”. |
| C．More and more pictures are used to express our mood today. |
| D．The number of emoji images will increase rapidly in the future. |
| A．Emojis can never be misunderstood. |
| B．Emojis are similar to some native languages. |
| C．Emojis make us communicate more effectively. |
| D．Emojis can replace face-to-face communication. |
A． | B． | C． | D． |
【推荐3】There are now many products and services on the market which are similar in content though produced by different companies. It is vital, therefore, for a company to distinguish itself from its competitors by having a strong company image which is immediately recognizable.
Logos are part of this image. They are symbols which often include a name or initials to identify a company. The logo establishes a visual identity for the company, just as different groups of young people express their identity through hairstyles and clothes. All groups from all cultures and throughout the ages have used colors and symbols to show their identity.
In different cultures, different colors carry different meanings. Some colors may be connected with coldness in one culture and with warmth in another; some colors represent life in one culture but death in another. International companies have, therefore, to make sure that their logos will not be misunderstood in different countries.
The logos of large international companies are instantly recognizable throughout the world. One of the most famous logos is that of Coca-Cola. The design of the words "Coca-Cola" has not changed since 1886, although the surrounding design has been changed from time to time. Many companies have, over the years, renewed their logos to fit in with contemporary design and to present more powerful images. Company logos can be emotive and can inspire loyalty by influencing the subconscious （潜意识的）. Some logos include an idea of the product: the steering wheel in the Mercedes logo, for example, and the aero plane tail of Alitalia.
Logos are used on packaging and brochures as well as on the product itself. They may also appear in newspapers or on television as part of an advertising campaign. Companies need to have a strong corporate identity. The logo helps to promote this image and to fix it in the minds of the consumers. Logos, therefore, need to be original and to have impact and style.
1. The most basic function of a company's logo is to ______.| A．project a positive image of the company and its products or services |
| B．make the products and services of the company more recognizable |
| C．distinguish the company from its realistic and potential competitors |
| D．describe the business the company is engaged for the consumers |
| A．The name or initials of a company. |
| B．A visual image of the company in colors. |
| C．Symbols and colors representing the company. |
| D．Symbols including the name or initials of the company. |
| A．Colors are not the best tools to identify a company. |
| B．Colors may be misinterpreted in different cultures. |
| C．Colors may represent death in some cultures. |
| D．International companies are careful about the use of colors. |
| A．explain the name of a company should remain unchanged |
| B．illustrate the importance of having a recognizable image |
| C．state the surrounding design of the logo can always be changed |
| D．ensure that the logo should not be misinterpreted in different cultures |
| A．fitting in with the contemporary design | B．inspiring loyalty from the consumers |
| C．displaying originality and impact | D．promoting a strong corporate identity |
