“Don’t tell anyone”. We hear these words when someone tells a secret to us. But it can be hard to keep a secret. We’re often tempted to “spill the beans”, even if we regret it later.
According to Asim Shah, professor in the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Bchavioral Sciences at Baylor College of Medicine, US, keeping a secret may well “become a burden”. This is because people often have an “obsessive (无法摆脱的) and anxious urge to share it with someone”.
An earlier study, led by Anita E. Kelly, a scientist at the University of Notre Dame, US, suggested that keeping a secret could cause stress. People entrusted with secrets can suffer from depression, anxiety, and body aches, reported the Daily Mail.
But with secrets so often getting out, why do people share them at all? Shah explained that people often feel that it will help them keep a person as a friend. Another reason people share secrets is guilt over keeping it from someone close to them. A sense of distrust can develop when people who are close do not share it with each other. “Keeping or sharing secrets often puts people in a position of either gaining or losing the trust of someone.” according to Shah.
He added that talkative people could let secrets slip out. But this doesn’t mean that it is a good idea only to share secrets with quiet people. A quiet person may be someone who keeps everything inside. To tell such a person a secret may cause them stress, and make them talk about the secret.
Shah said that to judge whether to tell someone a secret, you’d better put yourself in their position. Think about how you would feel to be told that you mustn’t give the information away. Shah also recommended that if you accidentally give up someone’s secret you should come clean about it. Let the person know that their secret isn’t so secret anymore.
1. The underlined phrase “spill the bean” is closest in meaning to ________.| A．let out a secret | B．tell the truth |
| C．eat our words | D．take gossip |
| A．is oft often obsessed with a certain threat |
| B．often would rather not have been told about it |
| C．usually has a strong desire to keep it until death |
| D．may suffer from physical or psychological problems |
| A．Quiet people are more likely to keep the secrets to themselves. |
| B．Sharing secrets helps establish friendship or get over the sense of guilt. |
| C．It’s better to inform others of the chances of your leaking secrets beforehand. |
| D．Putting yourself in others’ shoes helps realize the difficulty of keeping secrets. |
| A．Walls have ears. |
| B．Still tongues make wise heads. |
| C．A word spoken is past recalling. |
| D．Every wall has a crack. |
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【推荐1】A global analysis of Earth's threatened and endangered species has changed our scientific understanding about how much climate change is affecting wildlife.
The research, published Monday in the journal Nature Climate Change, shows that 47 percent of mammals and 23 percent of birds have been negatively affected by our changing planet. Those figures are shockingly larger than previous assessments, which have shown 7 percent of mammals and 4 percent of birds were affected. Of the 873 mammal species looked at, 414 are hurt by climate change. For threatened birds, 298 of 1,272 species are experiencing negative effects, according to the findings.
However, a new study follows the analysis of threatened wildlife shows that the biggest threat to wildlife is not climate change, which gets a lot of attention, but human activities, including logging (伐木), hunting and farming. Today, three-quarters of Earth's land surface faces “human pressure", according to a global analysis professor Watson carried out in August.
When it comes to the effects of human activities on wildlife, Watson said, most studies look at what might happen to a population in the future, perhaps 50 or 100 years down the line. The problem with such forecasts is that they are absolutely unhelpful for the here and now.
“Nature is extremely resilient (能复原的) if you give it a chance," Watson said. “But the big thing is acting now, not in 20 to 50 years' time. Not make climate change and“human pressure" a future threat, but take action now. Because every day, every minute, which you delay, you lose those opportunities."
1. What has been found about the effects of climate change according to the passage?| A．Human activities are suffering severe disaster due to the climate change. |
| B．The species affected by climate change are more than people thought. |
| C．More than half of the mammal species were affected by climate change. |
| D．Three-quarters of Earth's land surface has been damaged by climate change. |
| A．Human activities. | B．Negative effects. |
| C．Assessments. | D．Forecasts. |
| A．Optimistic. | B．Pessimistic. |
| C．Doubtful. | D．Uncaring. |
【推荐2】Many students are no doubt stressed about meeting all the demands coming their way.Researchers present a simple way-thinking vividly about future success-that might help students at risk of falling behind academically to work harder.
In the study, college students from a range of economic backgrounds were randomly asked to think about their future or their past.In the future condition, the students were asked to imagine and write about themselves as successful college graduates.Those in the past condition were asked to think about themselves before they began making plans for college, their family's money and status, and how that influenced the way others thought of them.
After this exercise, the researchers assessed the students' behavior through a student-teacher conversation as well as their effort on a challenging set of GRE （Graduate Record Examination） questions.Female students from poor backgrounds tended to carry themselves with greater confidence in the student- teacher conversation if they had gone through the future-thinking condition, the researchers found.They also attempted a greater number of GRE questions, on average, in the future-focused condition.
That the apparent benefits were observed among less-advantaged female students, but not relatively wealthy students or male students, is in keeping with researchers thinking: these students may tend to deal with academic challenges less easily than their classmates." This research shows that they can draw from vivid and motivating visions （想 象）of their own futures to help support their motivation and persistence during challenging and uncomfortable tasks. " says Mesmin Destin, the study's lead author.
Dale H.Schunk, a professor at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, acknowledges that the results are "the same as what current motivation theories predicted about the energizing role of goals. " However, he notes that the study does not directly explore the mechanism （方法）by which a vision of future identity might lead to positive academic outcomes.
1. What did the researchers do to the students in the study?| A．They divided them into two groups evenly. |
| B．They asked them to predict their GRE scores. |
| C．They classified them according to their economic backgrounds. |
| D．They observed their conversations with teachers. |
| A．severely disabled |
| B．mentally challenged |
| C．financially challenged |
| D．greatly stressed |
| A．They are supported by related theories. |
| B．They challenge traditional beliefs. |
| C．They are of little practical significance. |
| D．They might revolutionize current education. |
| A．Imagining the Future Brings in Academic Success |
| B．Imagining the Future Brings in Economic Success |
| C．Imagining the Future Helps Students Set Clear Goals |
| D．Imagining the Future Helps Students Handle Challenges |
【推荐3】A few plants in the cabbage and mustard (芥菜) family pay a dramatic price to fight off hungry caterpillars (毛毛虫): they kill off patches of their own leaves where butterflies have laid eggs. Without a living anchor, the eggs wrinkle and die. These plants’ egg-killing abilities have been documented since at least the 1980s, but a new study shows they appear in just a few closely related plants in this family — and they are triggered only by certain butterfly species.
Nina Fatouros of Wageningen University in the Netherlands and her colleagues investigated 31 plant species in the target family. First, they dabbed the plants’ leaves with liquid that had been exposed to egg material from a butterfly species known to lay eggs on them. Four closely related plant species reliably killed off the treated leaf patches. Further tests confirmed that the species with the most distinct response only reacted strongly when the egg material came from one group of butterflies, Pieris, which lays eggs on these plants in the wild. This is “clear evidence” that specific butterfly species could have stimulated the evolution of the necrosis (坏死) defense, Fatouros says. The researchers also tracked eggs laid by wild butterflies to confirm the defense mechanism. The work was detailed in New Phytologist.
“It’s very unlikely that you find this by coincidence,” says University of Sheffield molecular plant biologist Jurriaan Ton, who was not involved in the study. He adds that the plants’ relatedness, coupled with their exaggerated reaction to these butterflies, suggests a heated evolutionary “arms race” took place between the plants and insects.
“This is the first study to my knowledge where they really looked at the appearance of this trait within a particular plant family,” says ecologist Julia Koricheva, who was also not involved in the work.
Future research could explore how recently the trait evolved, Fatouros says. She notes that arms races rarely end—and evidence suggests the butterflies may be fighting back. Some prefer to lay their eggs in tightly grouped clusters(丛), making them less likely to be influenced by the plants’ strategy.
1. What is special about Nina Fatouros’ study?| A．It found the plants’ egg-killing abilities for the first time. |
| B．It pointed out the price plants paid to defend themselves. |
| C．It discovered a new species of egg-killing plants. |
| D．It narrowed down the range of the plant-butterfly interaction. |
| A．To see whether they would sacrifice their leaves. |
| B．To stimulate their defense mechanism. |
| C．To find out which species reacted most strongly to the liquid. |
| D．To track eggs laid by wild butterflies. |
| A．Indifferent. | B．Approving. |
| C．Disapproving. | D．Skeptical. |
| A．Survival strategies of plants |
| B．Evolution of plants against hungry caterpillars |
| C．Killer leaves emerge from plant-butterfly arms race |
| D．The relatedness of plants and butterflies |
【推荐1】The typical American road trip is still possible. Maine’s Route (路线) I provides us with classic small towns, friendly local restaurants and breathtaking views but you need to detour (迂回) here and there. To see the best of this road trip, you can follow these four routes.
Kittery Charm
Kittery Charm is Maine’s oldest town with a history going back to 1623. Old-fashioned houses and a small but unique downtown make this a must stop on your trip. The town is away from the highway. Go window-shopping, get a bite in one of the fine restaurants, such as local favorite Lil’s café.
Pemaquid Peninsula Walk
Spend a full day exploring a peninsula preferred by artists. After a typical wonderful breakfast, just off Route I, head south to New Harbor and go for a half-day trip. You’ll explore Muscongus Bay and its wonderful views of land and sea. Then take a look at Pemaquid Point Lighthouse built in 1827, which offers a taste of local food.
The Bold Coast
The small town of Cutler offers a number of exciting possibilities, starting with a hike on a lovely land of the Bold Coast Path through coastal forests then the blueberry fields where you can enjoy the freshest wild blueberries. For a real Maine experience, spend the night in the Little River Lighthouse built in 1888 and taste the freshest seafood nearby.
East Down Farthest
Located on the most eastern point of the United States, West Quoddy Head Lighthouse dates from 1858. You’ll have some local seafood at Becky’s Seafood and spend the night at the Peacock House, a former ship captain’s home facing the Bay of Fundy.
1. Which of the following has the longest history?| A．Kittery Charm. | B．Pemaquid Point Lighthouse. |
| C．Little River Lighthouse. | D．West Quoddy Head Lighthouse. |
| A．Explore the local museum. | B．Have an ordinary breakfast. |
| C．Go sightseeing at Muscongus Bay. | D．Take a bite in the town of Cutler. |
| A．They all have wonderful shops. | B．They can all be reached by sea and road. |
| C．They all offer favorite local food. | D．They all have beautiful views of the sea. |
【推荐2】Some roboticists believe robots can actually solve some of our biggest social problems, including loneliness and dementia (痴呆).
In 2019, Japanese robotics company GrooveX introduced LOVOT, a robot that weighs as much as a baby and looks like a mix between a penguin and a bear. In fact, LOVOT is just one of the latest robots meant to help people who are suffering from issues such as loneliness and dementia.
LOVOT has a system of sensors that allows it to move freely around a room and respond to things. For example, they will get its belly rubbed or fall asleep when it’s held. Also, when LOVOT needs a hug, it will find its owner in the house and wait until it is picked up. All over the world, robots like LOVOT are being used for “robot-assisted therapy (治疗)”. For example, when a robot baby seal named PARO was given to an elderly Australian patient with dementia, the patient spoke for the first time since arriving at the nursing facility. In New Zealand, when dementia patients were given the chance to play with PARO or a real dog, they chose to play with PARO.
The invention of robots like LOVOT and PARO is no accident. Our society is quickly changing, and some countries are becoming “aging societies”. Sometimes, these older populations don’t have enough love or companionship in their life, and their age or health might mean they can’t care for a pet. That’s why LOVOT and PARO could be the perfect companions for both young and old folks, always ready to give love without ever asking or anything in return.
1. Which of the following is a feature of LOVOT?| A．It offers help to all people. | B．Its weight is as heavy as a bear. |
| C．It is recommended by GrooveX. | D．Its appearance is just like a penguin. |
| A．Helped by robots. | B．Destroyed by robots. |
| C．Trained by robots. | D．Completed by robots. |
| A．A robot baby dog that looks like a real dog. |
| B．A robot baby seal that helps the patients with dementia. |
| C．A robot baby bear that is used for “robot-assisted therapy”. |
| D．A robot baby animal that cured an elderly Australian patient with dementia. |
| A．Because they are robots. | B．Because they are attractive. |
| C．Because they lack company. | D．Because they are needed by the society. |
【推荐3】Do you ever talk to yourself? Although it’s not always a conscious habit, most of us practice self-talk on a daily basis.
Research shows that self-talk can increase productivity, motivation and confidence, and even help manage feelings. “There is solid evidence that self-talk strategies improve learning and performance,” according to sport psychologist Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis, who studies the phenomenon of self-talk.
He explains that there are generally three reasons why we practice self-talk: to instruct, to motivate or to evaluate. Instructional self-talk happens when we need to guide ourselves through a specific task, such as learning a new skill. Motivational self-talk usually is used when we want to prepare ourselves for something challenging; it can help to increase confidence. Evaluative self-talk mostly is related to past events or actions.
Hatzigeorgiadis stresses that if we want to use such self-talk to good advantage, it needs to be short, precise and, most of all, consistent. Of course, self-talk also can be ineffective and even detrimental if it’s not done right.
“It is a matter of personal preference or what works for each person; but generally, it is advised that self-talk be positively rather than negatively phrased and focus on what you should do rather than on what you should avoid,” Hatzigeorgiadis says. So, for example, it would be better to say “stay cool” instead of “don’t get upset”. Although both instructions convey the same meaning, you should use positive words rather than negative ones. In this way you can avoid ill results.
Another thing that can make a difference when practicing self-talk is the way you address yourself. According to the research published in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, using “you” rather than “I” when talking to yourself tends to be more effective. The researchers explain that when you think of yourself as another person, it allows you to give more objective and useful feedback (反馈).
1. Why do people talk to themselves in Antonis’s opinion?| A．To recall their past experiences. |
| B．To guide them to find more opportunities. |
| C．To encourage them to overcome difficulties. |
| D．To evaluate their performance when doing a task. |
| A．You shall be brave. | B．Never be afraid. |
| C．I must be brave. | D．You mustn’t be afraid. |
| A．Disturbing. | B．Embarrassing. | C．Useless. | D．Harmful. |
| A．People do self-talk based on rules. |
| B．People do self-talk for good reason. |
| C．People benefit from proper self-talk. |
| D．People should perform positive self-talk. |
【推荐1】Latest research provides some good news for those who hope to someday live in a world where women coders and surgeons are as plentiful as their male workmates: Today s elementary school girls are actually more interested in pursuing a STEM（science, tech, engineering, math）career than their male classmates are.
What’s more, while young boys’ ideal jobs have stayed relatively unfluctuating over the past 20 years of the century, young girls’ career dreams have grown more ambitious. Back in 1998, a study found that 11-year-old boys were most interested in becoming an athlete, a service member, or an engineer. Now, a new survey of children 10 and younger found that boys` career dreams have stayed relatively stable. In this study, girls said they aspired（渴望）to be teachers, nurses and hairdressers.
Also notable: Overall, girls are more likely to say they are interested in a STEM job than their male workmates. Indeed, 41% of girls express interest in technical careers, vs. 32% of boys.
"Yet while girls’ increased interest in scientific careers is clearly something to celebrate, there is still progress to be made to make it a reality," said Simon Isaacs, a researcher. "We can celebrate the girls’ focus on STEM, but if we look at children aged 1 through 10 right now, we still have a long way to go with regard to getting girls involved in engineering, computer programming and other tech fields." Other recent studies have similarly found that despite their great interest in STEM careers, most American girls believe they are relatively unlikely to end up in a job that requires computer science or engineering skills simply because they don’t think these jobs belong to girls. "Even as we talk about being a generation that is growing up more gender-non-conformist（无性别意识的）than any other generation, we aren`t necessarily seeing that translate into what kids want to be," said Isaacs.
Isaacs said that he decided to pursue this research to better understand how today’s culture of role models—who are as diverse as Mark Zuckerberg and Malala Yousafzai—are hugely shaping the next generation of students’ career ambitions.
"What we find at the elementary level is that kids are often basing their aspirations on whatever they’ve been exposed to in the media," said Tony Wagner, an expert. Wagner says that gender standards described in the media have begun to change, specifically with regard to female characters in medicine and science. Wagner has found that girls are more interested in careers that are described as having a direct human connection, like medicine and education. "What they don’t understand is that much of engineering and other STEM work, is profoundly human-centered. The problem lies in how it’s taught," he said.
1. According to the latest study________.| A．there will be more female engineers and doctors than males in the future |
| B．more girls show interest in having a job in STEM related areas than boys. |
| C．boys’ career choices have greatly changed compared with those of 20 years ago. |
| D．most girls would like to become teachers, nurses and hairdressers in the future. |
| A．necessary | B．unchanging | C．wider | D．impossible |
| A．more boys under 10 years old prefer STEM |
| B．there are more girls in tech fields than boys |
| C．girls who will really work on STEM are not as many as imagined |
| D．many boys can’t end up with STEM careers, either |
| A．we can’t see the change in careers between girls and boys |
| B．gender difference still exists in career tendency |
| C．there is no sex difference in career choices for kids |
| D．we can’t expect that all children like STEM |
| A．Social culture. | B．School education. |
| C．Family influence. | D．Economic development. |
【推荐2】Sugar cane（甘蔗）contains around 10% sugar. But that means it contains around 90% non-sugar—the material known as bagasse （甘蔗渣）which remains once the sugar-bearing juice is squeezed out. World production of cane sugar was 185 million tonnes in 2017 , which results in a lot of bagasse.
At the moment, most of it is burned. But Zhu Hongli, a mechanical engineer at Northeastern University, in Boston, thinks it can be put into better use. As she, and her colleagues describe, in Matter this week, with a bit of improving bagasse makes an excellent and biodegradable （可生 物降解的）replacement for the plastic used for disposable food containers such as coffee cups.
Dr. Zhu is not the first person to have this idea. But previous attempts tended not to survive contact with liquids. She knew from previous research that the main reason why past efforts fell to pieces when wet is that bagasse is composed of short fibres which are unable to hold the finished product. She therefore sought' to insert a suitably long-fibred substance.
Bamboo seemed to be the best choice. It grows quickly /degrades readily and has appropriately long fibres. And it worked. When the researchers blended bamboo remaining into bagasse, they found that the result had a strong crossing of short and long fibres.
To put their new material through its paces, Dr. Zhu and her colleagues first poured hot oil onto it and found that, rather than passing through the material, as it would have with previous, bagasse products, the oil was resisted by their invention.
They also found that when they made a cup out of the stuff and filled it with water heated almost to boiling point, the cup remained unbroken for more than two hours. Though this is not as long as a plastic cup would Hast, it-is long enough for all practical purposes.
1. What do we know about bagasse?| A．It is widely used. | B．It is usually wasted. |
| C．It can not be degraded. | D．It takes up 10% of sugar cane. |
| A．The cups are not disposable. | B．The fibres of bagasse are short. |
| C．The plastic can not be replaced. | D．The material is not biodegradable. |
| A．It can let oil pass through. | B．It can be boiled in the water. |
| C．It can hold liquid and resist heat. | D．It can reduce the use of bamboo. |
| A．New Bamboo Containers | B．A New Application of Fibres |
| C．Young and Promising Materials | D．A Perfect Mix of Cane and Bamboo |
【推荐3】Coronaviruses(冠状病毒) are a large group of viruses. They consist of a core of genetic material(遗传物质) surrounded by an envelope with protein spikes(蛋白棘突). This gives it the appearance of a crown. Crown in Latin is called “corona” and that’s how these viruses get their name. In this text, we’ll take a quick look at what’s currently known about the virus.
Covid-2019
The 2019 Novel Coronavirus, first reported December in Wuhan, central China’s Hubei Province, has quickly spread across the country and around the world. It initially occurred in a group of people with pneumonia(肺炎) who’d been associated with a seafood and live animal market in the city of Wuhan.
Intermediate hosts: The Covid-2019 may originate in bats, a team led by renowned Chinese virologist Shi Zhengli said earlier, while the intermediary host remains unknown.
Incubation period(潜伏期): usually 1-14 days.
Infection: Virus may spread before symptoms show.
SARS-CoV
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus was first identified in China in 2003 .
Intermediate hosts: Bats are the original host. Civet cats serve as an important intermediary that carries virus from the winged mammal to humans.
Incubation period: 2-7 days.
Infection: Virus spread after symptoms show.
MERS-CoV
The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS中东呼吸综合征) coronavirus was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012.
Intermediate hosts: MERS-CoV was travelled from dromedary camel to humans.
Incubation period: 2-14 days.
Infection: Virus may spread before symptoms show.
1. What might be the intermediate hosts of the Covid-2019?| A．Bats. | B．Mosquitoes | C．Camel. | D．Unknown yet. |
| A．SARS-CoV. | B．MERS-CoV. |
| C．The Covid-2019. | D．All Coronaviruses. |
| A．Bats are to blame for the outbreak of all the three coronaviruses. |
| B．The Covid-2019, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are all listed as coronaviruses. |
| C．Mers-Cov were first identified in China. |
| D．SARS-Cov has a longer incubation period than Mers-cov. |
【推荐1】Just like humans, birds too rely on sound to communicate. However, they do not have a “language” in the true sense of the word and instead produce a variety of sounds to convey different emotions.
Often, birds recognize their mates(or young) by sound rather than sight. Hungry young birds use begging calls to let their mothers know it is feeding time. Alarm calls, flight calls and warning calls are other sounds made frequently by adults.
A new study shows that songbirds rehearse(排演) their songs even in their sleep. The activity in the brain of the birds when asleep is similar to the brain activity when the birds were awake and singing. The team used tiny recording devices to measure the activity of individual brain cells in four songbirds both when they were singing and when they were asleep.
Apparently the bird stores a song after hearing it, and then rehearses it later in its sleep. Scientists now believe the birds “dream of songs and tunes” to help them master the fine art of singing and that sleep plays a key role in the learning process!
Many songbirds learn to sing listening to adult birds of the same species. However, if separated from the adults, the young birds develop sounds which are hard to understand instead of normal song patterns. Researchers carried out an experiment in which a male bullfinch (灰雀) was raised by a female canary(金丝雀). The bullfinch soon learned the canary’s song and when it was later mated to a female bullfinch, Mr.Bullfinch taught his children the canary’s songs.
Last year, a British survey of London’s songbirds showed that the city’s birds are losing their tunes. Birds could hardly hear one another, over the traffic noise; as a result, instead of copying the sweet notes of the adults, young birds were copying the sounds they heard most often, namely car horns and beeping cellphones!
1. According to the passage, birds recognize their mates by ________.| A．using their own words | B．listening to their sounds |
| C．looking at their appearances | D．singing the same songs |
| A．Flight calls. | B．Alarm calls. |
| C．Begging calls. | D．Warning calls. |
| A．young birds learn to sing from whom they live together with |
| B．birds only learn how to sing from the same adult species |
| C．it's not easy for adult birds to teach young birds songs |
| D．a canary's song is more beautiful than a bullfinch's |
| A．traffic noise makes young birds become deaf |
| B．birds in the city can sing as sweetly as those in the wild |
| C．birds in the city recognize their mates mainly by sight |
| D．noise pollution causes much trouble for birds in the city |
【推荐2】As a rule, a child who has once been happy with a tale likes to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.
A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.
There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such people, I must say, so peculiar(奇怪的) that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girlfriend.
No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.
1. The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when .| A．it is repeated without any change | B．it is treated as a joke |
| C．some changes are made to it by a parent | D．it is set in the present |
| A．in a realistic setting | B．told in a different way |
| C．repeated too often | D．heard for the first time |
| A．develops their power of memory | B．makes them less fearful |
| C．makes them believe there is more to be afraid of | D．encourages them not to have strange beliefs |
| A．they are full of history | B．they make teachers of history difficult to teach |
| C．they are not interesting | D．they are just made up of unreal stories |
【推荐3】North American Train Routes for a Family Vacation
The Adirondack
Considered one of the top ten scenic train rides in the world, the Adirondack train route travels from New York City’s Penn Station to Montreal, Canada. The 10- hour trip is great for a weekend away in either Montreal or Manhattan. The route will take you past West Point Academy, the Hudson River Valley and fifty miles of Lake Champlain.
The Vermonter
The almost 11-hour trip from Washington. DC to St. Albans. Vermont takes you from the US Capitol, through the beautiful New England states of Connecticut and Massachusetts on the way to Vermont. As you travel through New England towns, you’ll be able to see some of the most beautiful scenery in this area, including rivers, falls and covered bridges.
The Downeaster
The Downeaster was established in 2001 and was expanded in recent years to include service to Freeport and Brunswick. Maine. The short ride (between three and four hours) includes a trip along the beautiful Maine coastline. With five round-trips offered daily, it’s a great way for Massachusetts families to visit Maine for a day or longer. Many of these routes carry volunteers to aid passengers with questions about local attractions and destinations.
The Pennsylvanian
Both New York City and Pittsburgh are great family vacation destinations and the Pennsylvanian route takes you through the beautiful Pennsylvanian landscape between the two major cities. The nine and a half hour trip travels through a variety of different terrains (地形) and stops along the way include Newark, Philadelphia, Harrisburg and Altoona. Connecting train service is available for those looking to travel to Cleveland, Chicago, and Toledo from Pittsburgh.
1. Which train route offers the best choice for a one-day sightseeing?| A．The Adirondack. | B．The Vermonter. |
| C．The Downeaster. | D．The Pennsylvanian. |
| A．In Vermont. |
| B．In Washington. DC. |
| C．Between Connecticut and Massachusetts. |
| D．Between Washington. DC and Massachusetts. |
| A．By taking a train at Penn Station to Montreal. |
| B．By taking a connecting train at Pittsburgh. |
| C．By travelling to Cleveland and then to Chicago. |
| D．By travelling through New England states to Chicago. |
