Many scientists believe our love of sugar may actually be an addiction. When we eat or drink sugary foods, the sugar enters our blood and affects the parts of our brain that make us feel good. Then the good feeling goes away, leaving us wanting more. All tasty foods do this, but sugar has a particularly strong effect. In this way, it is in fact an addictive (使人上瘾的) drug, one that doctors suggest we all cut down on.
“It seems like every time I study an illness and trace a path to the first cause, I find my way back to sugar,” says scientist Richard Johnson. One-third of adults worldwide have high blood pressure, and up to 347 million have diabetes (糖尿病). Why? “Sugar, we believe, is one of the causes, if not the major cause,” says Johnson.Our bodies are designed to survive on very little sugar. Early humans often had very little food, so our bodies learned to be very efficient in storing sugar as fat. In this way, we had energy stored for when there was no food. But today, most people have more than enough. So the very thing that once saved us may now be killing us.
★ It’s obvious that we need to eat less sugar. The trouble is, in today’s world, it’s extremely difficult to avoid. From breakfast cereals to after-dinner desserts, our foods are increasingly filled with it. Some producers even use sugar to replace taste in foods that are advertised as low in fat. So while the foods appear to be healthier, large amounts of sugar are often added.
But some people are fighting back against sugar and trying to create a healthier environment. Many schools are replacing sugary desserts with healthier choice, like fruit. Other schools are trying to encourage exercise by building facilities like walking tracks so students and others in the community can exercise. The battle has not yet been lost.
1. What do scientists think of sugar?
A.It makes us feel good and want more of it. | B.Tasty foods are full of sugar. |
C.It has a strong effect on our blood. | D.It should be taken under a doctor’s guidance. |
A.the amount of sugar in our food | B.having enough food to survive |
C.our ability to store sugar as fat | D.the importance of sugar for early humans |
A.It gives us needed energy. | B.It’s in so many foods and drinks. |
C.We get used to eating it at school. | D.We cannot survive without it. |
A.Should we eat no sugar? | B.How harmful is sugar in our diets? |
C.Is sugar really that bad for us? | D.So what is the solution? |
A.A profile about ways to avoid sugar. | B.A story about illnesses caused by sugar. |
C.An essay about our addiction to sugar. | D.A drama about reasons for loving sugar. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】We choose food to eat every day. We might know some of the reasons for the choices, but food scientist Dr. Brian Wansink has found that we are unaware of 90% of our food decision. Here are some “big ideas” in his research on the hidden power that drives our eating.
Food for thought
In one of the studies, Dr. Wansink made volunteers eat chocolate yogurt in a dark room. He told them the yogurt was with a taste of strawberry even though they were all eating chocolate. Finally, 65% of volunteers described the yogurt as having a “nice strawberry flavour”!
The research shows that our imagination has an effect on our taste. If you expect a food to taste good, it will. So take a moment before you eat your unpleasant healthy food to remind yourself that you are eating delicious fish and chips.
Our eyes eat first
How your food looks is just as important as how it tastes. Dr. Wansink gave cakes to three groups of people. The cakes were exactly the same but served in different ways.
①Group one got the cake on a nice plate.
②Group two got the cake on a paper plate.
③Group three got the cake on a piece of paper.
Dr. Wansink then asked the people how much they would pay for each cake.
①Group one who got the cake on a nice plate would pay $ 1. 27.
②Group two who got the cake on a paper plate would pay 76 cents.
③Group three who got the cake on a piece of paper would pay 53 cents.
Take some time to make your healthy food look amazing. Cut your fruit into a flower shape and put your colorful vegetables on nice plates. This works really well for your appetite (胃口).
_________________________
Dr. Wansink also found that when people sat at the desk full of snacks, they ate 71% more of snacks a day than those sitting near a clear table. We eat what we see. As a result, put all the unhealthy food in your fridge.
Hide it and make it really hard to get to. The closer bad food is, the more you eat it.
1. Which of the following can be put in the blank?A.Eating what we see |
B.Eating in a clean place |
C.Out of sight, out of stomach |
D.Away from fridge, away from food |
A.They ate it in a dark room. |
B.Their imagination affected them. |
C.They didn’t like chocolate yogurt. |
D.The yogurt had a taste of strawberries. |
A.Tell him vegetables are healthy. |
B.Make vegetables more delicious. |
C.Serve vegetables on lovely plates. |
D.Have same vegetables every day. |
A.What makes our food decision |
B.How to make a healthy diet |
C.What are good eating habits |
D.How to make food more delicious |
【推荐2】Do you want to be healthy? What can you do to be healthy? Let me tell you.
Play sports every day. Sports can make you active and healthy. Running,swimming and playing soccer or basketball are all good sports.
Eat fruit and vegetables every day. They are all healthy food. Don't eat too much junk food every day. It's not good for your health.
Get enough sleep. You must sleep for eight or nine hours a day. It's healthy for you. Never go to bed too late. And remember to get up early the next morning. Then you can have a good day at school.
Make many friends at school. Friends can help you and make you happy. When you are happy,you are healthy,too.
It's easy to be healthy. And if you do those above,you can make it.
1. There are five ways to help us to be healthy.2. To do sports can make us healthy.
3. We can eat and sleep more to be healthy.
4. We should sleep for eight or nine hours every day.
5. This passage is for doctors.
When you buy M&M’s, you probably enjoy the bright colors of those yummy chocolates, right? Well those colors could be a thing of the past! Mars, the company that makes M&M’s, will stop using artificial (人造的) colors in their products within the next five years.
Mars says that it’s because most people want them to do so. But in the past different types of these dyes (染料)stopped being allowed. People worried that they might have caused health problems like trouble sleeping, anxiety and even cancer.
However, are the artificial colors that are still used today bad for humans to eat or drink? The most common question is whether it affects kids’ behavior, but it’s hard to say for sure.
A British study, called the Southampton Study, made an experiment. They gave one group of 8-to 9-year-old children a drink with food coloring and the other group with none. They found the kids that drank the food coloring showed hyperactivity (活动过度). Some people believe that means it is a cause of Attention Deficit and Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD,注意力缺陷多动障碍).
But the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which checks the artificial colors to make sure they are safe, doesn’t think there’s enough proof yet. They say that food coloring doesn’t necessarily cause these behavioral problems. It just affects some children more who already have hyperactivity problems.
“Food dyes are added for their color to make foods fun,” said Michael Jacobson, director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest. “However, they have no real health purpose.”
Maybe since they aren’t doing anything good for us, more foods should not have the dyes anyways. But it will cost companies like Mars a lot of money to get rid of the colors while keeping people interested in their products.
1. In the past, people thought the dyes could cause the following problems EXCEPT ________.A.trouble sleeping | B.anxiety | C.cancer | D.ADHD |
A.Children with hyperactivity problems prefer drinks with food coloring. |
B.Food coloring made kids show hyperactive behavior. |
C.There’s enough proof to show the bad side of food coloring. |
D.Food coloring doesn’t necessarily cause ADHD. |
A.He is in favor of using food dyes. |
B.Food dyes are not the only thing that can make food fun. |
C.Food dyes don’t do anything good for our health. |
D.Food dyes cause hyperactivity problems. |
A.To call on people to stop the changes of M&M’s. | B.To advise people to buy healthy food. |
C.To explain the causes of ADHD. | D.To show the concerns of food dyes. |
【推荐1】
Make your own rainbow (彩虹) Learn how to make a rainbow with this fun science experiment (实验) for kids. Use just a few simple everyday things, and you can find out how rainbows work while enjoying a hands-on activity that’s perfect for kids. The experiment will help bring the exciting world of science to life. | ||
What you’ll need ●A glass of water (about three quarters full)●White paper ●A sunny day Instructions ●Take the glass of water and paper to a part of the room with sunlight (better near a window).●Hold the glass of water above the paper and watch as sunlight passes through the glass of water. The sunlight is refracted (折射) and forms a rainbow of colors on your piece of paper. ●Try holding the glass of water at different heights and angles to see what may happen. | What’s happening? ●While you usually see a rainbow in the sky, it can also appear in other situations (情况). You may have seen a rainbow in a water fountain (喷泉) or in the middle of a waterfall and you can even make your own in this experiment.●Rainbows form in the sky when sunlight is refracted as it passes through raindrops: it acts in the same way when it passes through a glass of water. The sunlight is refracted, so we can see colors like red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. |
1. What should we do to make a rainbow?
A.Start the experiment at late night. |
B.Hold the glass of water at the same height. |
C.Put the paper above the glass of water. |
D.Put the paper under the glass of water. |
A.two | B.three | C.four | D.five |
A.You need a full glass of water in this experiment. |
B.It’s better to do the experiment near a window. |
C.If you do the experiment successfully, we can see 6 colors. |
D.You need a piece of black paper to do the experiment. |
【推荐2】Most sun bears have short, black hair, though some are more reddish or grayer in color. Most of these bears have a V-shaped area of light hair under their necks, which is different in color from cream to yellowish-brown. These bears don’t get their name because they love to work with this color of hair. Nor are they called sun bears because of their sunny disposition (性情). Instead, their name comes from the V-shaped part under their necks, which is commonly yellowish in color. The part looks a bit like a rising sun.
Of all the kinds of bears, sun bears are the smallest. They are just 47 to 59 inches long. Though small, they have a very long tongue (舌头). The tongue is 8 to 10 inches long. Why such a long tongue? Long tongues are really useful when they are trying to reach the food deep down in a piece of wood or catching other insects (昆虫), or when they are trying to clean every bit of honey they have found.
Sun bears are very dependent upon feeding on bees and honey. Insects make up a large part of their diet, and they commonly feed on ants and young insects. Fruits and nuts also make up a part of some meals, and they like figs (a soft sweet fruit) very much. In some areas, fruits make up nearly half of the bears’ diet. When given the chance, they will also find birds, turtles, eggs, and deer for food.
Unlike some other kinds of bears, sun bears are active all year round. Food can be found all the time in rain forests, so they don’t need to fall into a deep sleep to spend the whole winter. Sadly, today people cut down rain forests for wood, or to make room for agricultural (农业的) development, making the number of living places suitable for sun bears less. At the same time, some people catch the bears to sell their coats and other body parts on the black market.
1. Why were sun bears given such a name?A.They are friendly and lovely. |
B.They love doing something in the sun. |
C.Some of their hair feels as warm as the sun. |
D.Part of their hair looks like the sun in color and shape. |
A.It’s mainly used to break down food. |
B.It is the smallest of all kinds of bears’. |
C.It greatly helps them search for food. |
D.It reaches half of their body in length. |
A.Humans often fail to find them in winter. |
B.They are less seen on the black market now. |
C.They are good at storing food for the winter. |
D.Human activities have become a big danger to them. |
A.To tell some facts about sun bears. |
B.To call on people to protect natural resources. |
C.To list the reasons for sun bears’ disappearance. |
D.To show the relationship between humans and animals. |
When we think of paper, we think of newspapers and books. But there are many other uses.
Only half of the world’s paper is used for books and newspapers.
Paper is very good for keeping you warm. Maybe you see homeless men asleep on lots of newspapers. In Finland, it is sometimes -40°C in winter. The farmers wear paper boots(靴子) in the snow. Nothing could be warmer.
Each year, more and more things are made of paper. We have paper cups and dishes for a long time. But now we hear that chairs, tables, and even beds can be made of paper. With paper boots and shoes, you can wear paper hats, paper dresses, and paper raincoats. After you use them, you can just throw them away and buy new ones.
The newest use of paper may be paper houses. These are not small houses for children to play in, but real, big houses for people to live in. You can buy a house with three rooms for about 500 dollars. You can “build” it by yourself in some hours, and you can use it for only five years.
1. The farmers in Finland wear paper boots in winter to keep warm.2. First we have paper cups and dishes and then we have paper beds.
3. You can use paper dresses again and again because they are strong.
4. The paper house is so big that people can live in it all the time.
5. The best title for the passage should be “The importance of paper”.
【推荐1】Rich or poor, young or old, we all have problems. We can easily become unhappy unless we solve our problems. Worrying about our problems can affect how we do things at school or at home. So how do we deal with our problems?
Most of us have probably been angry with our friends, parents or teachers. Perhaps they said something we didn’t like, or we felt they were unfair. Sometimes, people can stay angry for years about a small problem. Time goes by, and good friendships may be lost. Then what should we do? As we all know, we are usually the ones affected when we are angry. Have you ever seen young children playing together? They might fight very soon, and decide not to talk to each other. However, this usually doesn’t last for long. They become good friends again. This is an important lesson to us, We can solve a problem by learning to forget.
Many students often complain about school. They might feel they have too much work to do sometimes, or think the rules are too strict. We must learn how to change these “problems” into “challenges”. As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with challenges with the help of our teachers.
By comparing ourselves to other people, we will find our problems are not so terrible. Think about Stephen Hawking, for example, a very clever scientist. He can’t walk or even speak, but he regards his many physical problems as unimportant. Now he’s known as a great scientist in the world.
Don’t worry about our problems. Let’s face the challenges.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1. When Jack is angry, who may be affected?
A.His friends. | B.His family. | C.His deskmate. | D.Himself. |
A.Change these “problems” into “challenges” with the help of teachers. |
B.Talk to their parents about these problems. |
C.Keep them in their hearts as secrets. |
D.Work harder than before. |
A.The problems that we often have. | B.The way that deals with problems. |
C.The reason why students deal with problems. | D.The secret of becoming a scientist. |
A. | B. | C. | D. |
A.How to get on well with others | B.How to deal with problems |
C.How to become better students | D.How to be successful |
【推荐2】The Internet has become part of teenagers’ life. There’s a report on 3,375 students between 10 and 18 years old in seven Chinese cities. It says that 36% of them believe they use the Internet often. While most of them get useful information and use the Internet to help in their studies, some are not using it in a good way. Bad things can happen if young people spend too much time on the Internet.
To help young people use the Internet in a good way, some big cities have started to use a textbook on good Internet habits this term. The textbook uses real examples to teach students all about good ways of using the Internet. It gives useful advice, such as it’s good to read news or find helpful information to study. Some students also make online friends. But if you are meeting a friend offline(离线), let your parents know.
Teachers and parents all think reading books is a very good way. It will teach students how to be a good person in the online world. It will be a guide for teens using the Internet and will keep students away from bad websites.
1. What does the underlined word “it” refer to?A.The study. | B.The book. | C.The report. | D.The Internet. |
A.3,375. | B.1,215. | C.2,100. | D.3,000. |
A.To make online friends. |
B.To play online games. |
C.To get useful information to help with their studies. |
D.To visit websites they should not look at. |
A.Because it helps with the students’ studies. |
B.Because it is used in Shanghai middle schools. |
C.Because it teaches students how to use the Internet in a good way. |
D.Because it helps students meet friends offline successfully. |
A.Students can learn good ways of using the Internet from real examples. |
B.If you are meeting a friend offline, let your parents know. |
C.Teenagers shouldn’t play online games too much. |
D.The book can keep teenagers away from the Internet. |
【推荐3】It is important to sort(分类)your rubbish. If you sort your rubbish, you are helping to protect the environment and save our earth. If you don’t do this, the rubbish will be everywhere and we can’t plant things on them. Some kinds of rubbish will pollute the soil and the water. For example, the bad things in phones can run out and pollute the ground. Other rubbish, like some parts of pens, can be used to make other things.
Here are four kinds of rubbish:
Recyclable(可循环的):Things that can be reused, such as paper, metal (金属), glass and old clothes. |
Wet: It is also called “household waste” “You don’t want these things but pigs can eat,” Guangzhou Daily said |
Harmful(有害的): such as medicine, batteries(电池)and phones. If you throw them away, they may pollute the soil and water. |
Others: It is also called “Dry”. Any waste that doesn’t belong to (属于) Wet, Recyclable or Harmful. |
1. Which kind of rubbish do the useless phones belong to?
A.Recyclable | B.Wet | C.Dry. | D.Harmful. |
A.Pigs can eat them. | B.It will pollute the soil and water. |
C.We can call it “household waste”. | D.Banana skin is one kind of Wet rubbish. |
A.We will have fewer places to grow plants. |
B.All of the rubbish will pollute the soil and water. |
C.We are helping to save our earth. |
D.We will have a better environment. |