Every 30 seconds there is an earthquake. But don’t worry because only a few big ones hurt people. Here are some tips on how to stay safely in an earthquake.
If you are indoors during an earthquake, hide under a desk. Stay away from windows and anything that could fall on you.
If you are outdoors, move to a clear place. Try to be away from trees, signs, buildings and streetlights. These could fall on you.
If you are in a shop and far from the door, don’t try to run to outside and rush for exits（出口）. Everyone will be doing that and you’ll find it hard getting out. Don’t get into a lift during an earthquake. Just hide under some strong covers near you.
When an earthquake has ended, be careful because after-shocks may still happen. These are just as dangerous as the earthquake itself. So stay under the desk until you make sure it’s safe to get up.
1. Hide2. Try to be away from trees, signs, buildings and streetlights because these could
3. If you are in a shop and far from the door, don’t try to run to outside and
4. Don’t get into
5. When an earthquake has ended, be careful because after-shocks
2 . Last year, my father was busy working, my mother looked after my grandma and my sister started university, so I went to visit my aunt and uncle in Jamaica alone. There I experienced a hurricane (飓风).
I went to Jamaica in December, because between October and mid-December the weather isn’t too hot. However, there are hurricanes during the time, so you have to watch out for that. Luckily, my aunt and uncle heard the warning on the radio before I arrived, so there was already lots of food and drink in their house. I was glad about that, because one of my favourite things about being in Jamaica is the food!
As soon as we saw the first signs (征兆) of the hurricane, we closed the doors, and then we waited. It was a little boring. So I played games and talked with my cousins to pass the time, and we ate lots of food. But the wind crashed (猛撞) around the house day and night, and I began to feel afraid. My aunt told me there was nothing to worry about and that they’d had worse storms than that, so I felt relaxed. As we waited, we listened to the news on the radio. There was lots of water on the roads and on farms, and some trees and houses fell down. The storm began on Monday morning, and then on Wednesday evening it moved out to sea. So we didn’t stay at home for very long really, and then the sun came out again!
1. The writer’s sister didn’t go to Jamaica because she ________.| A．was busy working | B．went to university |
| C．was afraid of hurricanes | D．looked after her grandma |
| A．The weather wasn’t too hot. | B．The food in Jamaica was delicious. |
| C．There was a hurricane warning on the radio. | D．There was lots of food and drink in the house. |
| A．Bored. | B．Afraid. | C．Relaxed. | D．Excited. |
| A．For one day. | B．For two days. | C．For three days. | D．For four days. |
| A．My trip to Jamaica | B．The weather in Jamaica |
| C．Experiencing a hurricane | D．Watching out for hurricanes |
Have you heard of the sandstorm? It is a natural disaster. It often happens in the desert. A sandstorm is like a snowstorm. They both bring a lot of trouble to people. In sandstorms, the wind carries the sand. Sandstorms are different from other disasters(灾难). They come with a warning(前兆) but other disasters come without any warnings. So when you see that clouds have a dark colour, it means there is going to be a sandstorm.
If it doesn’t rain for a long time, sandstorms may happen. When there are sandstorms in cities, there will be no planes in the sky. It would be dangerous for the pilot(飞行员)to fly the plane because he cannot see clearly. There would also be more traffic accidents in the street. The sky is gray and people cannot see very far.
There are many deserts in Africa and Asia. Sandstorms often happen in these places. People can stop sandstorms by planting trees.
1. Sandstorm is a2. Both a sandstorm and a snowstorm bring
3. There is going to be a sandstorm if the clouds have
4. Sandstorms may happen if it
5. When sandstorms happen, the pilot cannot
4 . 1. If an earthquake is happening, the most important thing to do is to DROP and COVER. Drop and cover mean falling onto the floor and getting under something for protection. During an earthquake, if you are indoors, it is very important to stay calm and take cover under a heavy thing.
2. If you are outdoors, stay as far away from buildings as possible.
3. Stay away from glass or anything that can fall.
4. If you are in a crowded place, do not run for the nearest exit. Everyone will be doing that, and it will be terrible. Take cover under something heavy and stay away from things that can fall on you. It is also very important to remain as calm as possible.
5. Be prepared for aftershocks（余震）after the initial（起初的）earthquake has ended. They are smaller than the first one, but still are very dangerous.
1. Suggestion 2 gives us a suggestion on what we should do when we are .| A．in our home | B．near the glass | C．outside a building | D．inside a building |
| A．Run fast when an earthquake happens. |
| B．Run for the nearest exit in a crowded place. |
| C．Don’t fall onto the floor when an earthquake happens. |
| D．Stay calm when an earthquake happens. |
| A．stay | B．bring | C．start | D．use |
| A．heavy | B．dangerous | C．safe | D．important |
| A．Some Suggestions for Different Places |
| B．How to Stay Calm in an Earthquake |
| C．How to Protect Yourself in an Earthquake |
| D．How to Stay away From the Dangerous Things |
5 . The fire at Notre Dame Cathedral（巴黎圣母院）in Paris has raised questions about the condition of thousands of other historic buildings across Europe.
Some people say the fire last month was a wake-up call, not just for Europe, but the whole world. Large fires have long robbed humanity of knowledge, art and treasures. One example is the fire at the famous library of Alexandria in northern Egypt about 1700 years ago.
In 2015, the German engineering company Siemens found that Scotland had about 10 serious fires a year, while England lost at least twelve listed buildings a year. In Germany, 70 historic buildings have been destroyed since 2000.
And all too often, fires happen while old buildings are being repaired. Experts say that what is needed is continuous attention and maintenance(维护). These steps, if taken, could help avoid the need for major repairing work.
But regular attention and maintenance costs money.
Part of the problem comes from the shortage of money provided by governments after the 2008 financial crisis (金融危机). As a result, governments are increasingly looking for rich companies to keep up these historic buildings.
“We do need more money, but this is a shared duty for governments, businesses and citizens across Europe,” said an officer from the European Union.
Some say world-famous monuments like Notre Dame are the driving force behind tourism and should get more respect. People have noticed the importance of such respect.
“Historic buildings are a gold mine(矿). You cannot explore it and then just leave the mine and go to another one. It is something you really have to value,” the officer said.
1. After the fire at Notre Dame Cathedral, more attention is paid to ________ .A．European governments  | B．famous libraries |
| C．engineering companies | D．the old buildings |
| A．robbers | B．fires | C．money | D．tourists |
| A．attention and maintenance | B．careful repairing work |
| C．enough respect from people | D．serious financial crisis |
| A．citizens around the world | B．the European governments |
| C．rich European businesses | D．the whole European society |
| A．value historic buildings | B．donate plenty of money |
| C．pay attention to big fires | D．avoid exploring mines |
There is often a great noise during an earthquake. The ground vibrates (颤动).Houses fall down. Railways are broken, which causes trains to turn over. Sometimes thousands of people are killed in different ways. About 60,000 were killed in 1783 in the south of Italy. Some people say that earthquakes often happen near volcanoes(火山), but it is not true. The centres of some earthquakes are under the sea. The bottom of the sea suddenly moves. The powerful forces inside the earth break the rocks. The coast is shaken and great waves appear. These waves travel long distances and rush over the land when they reach it, breaking down houses and other buildings. Sometimes they break more buildings than the earthquake itself.
A terrible earthquake happened in Assam, India, in 1986.The land near Shillong suddenly moved 1.5 feet to one side, and then back again. It continued to act like this 20 times a minute.Few buildings could stand what was happening and the great stones flew four feet up into the air. What kind of building stays up best in an earthquake? The Americans carefully studied the results of the earthquake at San Francisco(1906) and believed it best for buildings to be made with concrete(混凝土) walls together by steel frames. Such are the buildings that can't burn or fall easily.
1. The best title of this passage should be .
| A．The Centres of Earthquakes |
| B．Earthquakes |
| C．The Loss(损失) Caused by Earthquakes |
| D．Buildings and Earthquakes |
| A．Trains' turning over is directly caused by the earthquakes. |
| B．Some earthquakes have their centres under the sea. |
| C．It isn't certain that earthquakes happen near volcanoes. |
| D．Buildings with concrete walls are better against earth quakes. |
| A．near volcanoes | B．in Japan |
| C．in Britain | D．Both A and B |
| A．Nothing |
| B．Volcanoes |
| C．Forces inside the earth |
| D．Terrible waves by the earthquake |
| A．trains | B．thousands of people |
| C．a great noise | D．the powerful forces |
7 . In northern China during spring, big sandstorm often make trouble for people. Sandstorms usually happen in spring. They have happened in more than 10 provinces in northern China this year. People in southern China don't have to worry about this kind of bad weather. Most of the sand comes from the north of China. In northern China, lots of places have few trees and don't get much rain. When there aren't many trees, the ground can't keep enough water. Over the years, the ground dries up and turns to sand. When spring comes and the ice melts, the ground becomes loose. Strong winds take theloosesand into the sky. Besides, in northeast China, there lies some vast deserts.
Sandstorms are bad for people's health. If people breathe in too much sand, they will cough or have serious illnesses. Sandstorms also give farmers lots of problems. Sometimes their sheep get lost in the storms and never come back home. The winds also tear the farmers' houses down.
What can you do to stop sandstorms? Here's a piece of advice. Ask your parents to help you plant some trees this spring. If you see people cutting down too many trees, tell them about the dangers of sandstorms, and ask your government to stop them.
1. When do sandstorms usually happen?| A．In summer. | B．In spring. | C．In winter. | D．In autumn |
| A．肥沃的 | B．贫瘠的 | C．疏松的 | D．大量的 |
| A．why sandstorms happen in northern China |
| B．the dangers of sandstorms |
| C．sandstorms aren’t terrible at all |
| D．how sandstorms happen |
| A．Plant more trees in spring. |
| B．Stop people to cut down too many trees. |
| C．Don’t stay outside when sandstorms happen. |
| D．Tell people about the dangers of sandstorms. |
| A．Sandstorms |
| B．How we can stop sandstorms |
| C．Why sandstorms only happen in northern China |
| D．Sandstorms can influence most of China |
