Achoo! We all sneeze sometimes. Sneezing is a reflex (反射作用) that your body does without control. That means you cannot make yourself sneeze or stop one once it has started. When you sneeze, your body is trying to get rid of bad things in your nose, such as germs. You have a lot of germs when you have a cold, so you sneeze a lot more. You might also sneeze when you smell pepper (胡椒)!
Inside your nose, there are hundreds of tiny hairs. These hairs filter the air you breathe. Sometimes dust (粉尘) find their way through these hairs and cause trouble to your nasal passages (鼻腔). The nerves in your nose tell your brain that something is hurting your body.
Your brain, lungs, nose, mouth, and the muscles (肌肉) of your upper body work together to blow away the germs with a sneeze. When you sneeze, germs from your nose get blown into the air.
It is very important to wash your hands after you sneeze into them, especially during cold and flu season.
Do you ever sneeze when you walk into bright sunlight? Some people say that happens to them often. Scientists believe the UV rays of the sun irritate (刺激) the nose of these people so they sneeze.
If someone nearby sneezes,remember to tell them “Gesundheit!” That is a funny-looking word which is pronounced “gezz-oont-hite.” It is the German word that wishes someone good health after sneezing.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。1. What does the underlined word “filter” mean in Chinese?
| A．穿透 | B．过滤 | C．识别 | D．阻挡 |
①brain ②ears ③lungs ④nose ⑤ mouth ⑥feet
| A．①②③④ | B．①③④⑤ | C．①③⑤⑥ | D．③④⑤⑥ |
| A．One of the reasons people sneeze. | B．The importance of the UV rays of the sun. |
| C．One of the ways to keep healthy. | D．Protection measures when people sneeze. |
| A．I wish you a good day. | B．I wish you lots of luck. |
| C．I wish you good health. | D．I wish you would stop sneezing. |
| A．Nature. | B．Culture. | C．Environment. | D．Health. |
2 . A smile shows that a person is happy. For example, a person may smile when he or she is pleased with a grade on a test. Or a person might smile if a friend tells a funny joke. People smile for many different reasons. But smiles are more than just a way for people to show that they are happy.
First, it is easier to smile than to show unhappiness. In fact, it only takes 17 muscles (肌肉) to smile. On the other hand, it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness.
Second, smiles are nice. People may try to look nice on the outside by exercising or wearing nice clothes. As the famous saying goes, “
Third, smiles have power.
| A．A smile is the best thing a person can wear. |
| B．Both smiling and laughing can easily and quickly spread. |
| C．There are other good reasons to smile often. |
| D．Finally, smiling and laughing are very good for the body. |
| E．So give the muscles in your face a rest and smile! |
find think lose they mean win year luck but different |
Children everywhere play rock, paper, scissors. The game is very old. It is said that people began to play it 2,000
Today, people play it all over the world. In Indonesia, its known as “semut, orang, gajah”. This
Many people think “rock, paper, scissors” is all
So what’s the best way to
To be good at the game, you need a lot of practice.
In one area of the Atlantic Ocean, strange things have happened for many times. Boats and planes have suddenly disappeared without a trace (踪迹). People have seen strange things in the sky.
Every day, scientists learn more about the world. They are always interested in the world mysteries and wonders. With high technology nowadays, they have known a lot of them.
In the 1940s, the United Fruit Company’s workers were clearing land in Costa Rica for a banana plantation. Suddenly, the workers stopped.
In June of 1908, there was a large explosion (爆炸) over Russia. The explosion gave off about 1,000 times more energy than the atomic bomb dropped in Japan. It knocked down about 60 million trees over 2,000 square kilometers. People call the explosion “The Tunguska Event”.
Some day we may understand these mysteries. But until then, they are still puzzles for us all.
| A．Some now stand in front of people’s houses! |
| B．And compasses have stopped working properly. |
| C．In fact, strange things happen in the world every day. |
| D．But even today, nobody knows what caused it. |
| E．They are too large for people to study. |
| F．They had found almost perfectly round stone balls in different sizes. |
| G．But there are still things that people don’t understand. |
5 . Some children cannot wait to grow up, because once you become an adult, you are free to make your own decisions. More importantly, you can do all those things that you cannot do now because you are too young. So, the question is, “At what age do you really become an adult?” Well, people become adults at different ages in different places.
In Australia the 18th birthday is a very important event for young Australians because it means they can do almost anything they want. They can vote (选举), learn to drive a car, get married, join the army and even buy their own houses. Even if they can do all these things, most Australians have to wait until their 21st birthday to really celebrate becoming an adult. This is the traditional adult age in Australia, the USA and the UK.
Even though 21 is the traditional adult age in many English-speaking countries, the law nowadays is different in each country. In the UK you can join the army at 16 and even get married at 16 if your parents allow. Young people in the UK can learn to drive a car at 17, although they have to wait until they are 18 to vote.
In China, you can vote and learn to drive a car when you are 18, but if you want to get married, women have to wait until they are 20 and men until they are 22. Chinese people celebrate important birthdays every 10 years — so when young people turn 20, they can expect a big party!
No matter what age you are, becoming an adult is really about learning how to be independent and responsible (负责任的). Once you are finally able to take care of yourselves and make your own decisions, then you can say that you are truly all grown-ups.
1. Some children cannot wait to grow up because _________.| A．they hope to drive a car |
| B．they can decide to do things freely |
| C．they want to move out and live alone |
| D．they can celebrate birthdays |
| A．grown-up | B．kid | C．parent | D．elder |
| A．In Australia, people can vote at 16. |
| B．In China, men can get married at 18. |
| C．In the UK, people can drive at 17. |
| D．In the USA, people can get married at 16. |
| A．When people celebrate their 18th birthday, they become adults. |
| B．When people turn 20, they should take care of themselves. |
| C．When you can make your own decisions, you become adults. |
| D．A true grown-up is independent and responsible. |
| A．Why some children can’t wait to grow up. |
| B．People become adults at different ages in different places. |
| C．What people can do at different ages. |
| D．When people can get married and when they can drive. |
6 . You either have it, or you don’t—a sense of direction. But why is it that some people could find their way across the Sahara without a map while others can lose themselves in the next street?
Scientists say we’re all born with a sense of direction, but it is not properly understood how it works. One theory (理论) is that people with a good sense of direction have simply worked harder at developing it. The research being carried out at Liverpool University supports this idea and suggests that if we don't use it, we will lose it.“Children as young as seven have the ability to find their way around,” says Jim Martland, research director of the project. “However, if they are not allowed out alone or are taken everywhere by car, they will never develop the skill.”
Jim Martland also emphasizes that young people should be taught certain skills to improve their sense of direction. He makes the following suggestions:
•If you are using a map, turn it to the way you are facing.
•If you leave your bike in a strange place, put it near something like a big stone or a tree—something easy to recognize (辨别出). Note landmarks (地标) on the route as you go away from your bike. When you return, go back along the same route.
•The simple way of finding your direction is by using streets in a town, streams, or wells in the countryside to guide you. Count your steps so that you know how far you have gone and note some landmarks such as tall buildings or hills which can help to find out where you are.
Now you will never get lost again!
1. Scientists believe that _________.
| A．few babies are born with a sense of direction |
| B．people develop a sense of direction as they grow older |
| C．people never lose their sense of direction |
| D．everybody has a sense of direction from birth |
| A．five | B．six | C．seven | D．eight |
| A．Gives special importance to something. |
| B．Expresses thanks to somebody. |
| C．Understands or realizes a fact. |
| D．Admires somebody. |
| A．Tall buildings. | B．Hills. | C．Wells. | D．Bikes. |
| A．A research on direction. |
| B．The sense of direction. |
| C．People’s ability to find the way. |
| D．Scientists’ research on skills. |
7 . Every living thing is part of the food web, and every living thing depends on other living things in the web. A producer is a living thing, such as a plant, that makes its own food. A consumer is any living thing that eats producers, the food producers make, or other consumers. A decomposer is a living thing that breaks down wastes and the remains of other living things. They work together and need each other.
Producers need decomposers. When decomposers break down dead plants or animals, they create nutrients (营养物). The tree then uses the nutrients to create food. Producers also need consumers.
When a consumer such as a lion dies, it leaves dead material (材料) behind. That dead material becomes nutrients that trees use.
Consumers need producers. Horses are consumers. Plants are producers. Horses eat plants. Lions are consumers, too. They eat horses. Without the plants, there would be no horses, so lions need plants, too. Consumers also need decomposers. Without them, there would be no nutrients in the soil (土壤). Trees and other plants could not grow, so horses would have nothing to cat. Without horses and other smaller animals, lions could not cat.
Decomposers need producers and consumers. Decomposers need dead plants or animals that they can use for food. They get that dead material from dead producers and consumers. When a tree or a horse dies, decomposers use that dead material. They use some of it for food. They turn the rest into nutrients.
If you took away all of the decomposers, there would be no nutrients. So there would be no producers. That would mean that. consumers would have nothing to eat. If you took away all of the producers, there would not be food for the consumers to eat. And if you took away all the consumers, there would not be dead material to make nutrients. Every part of the food web is important.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。1. What can break down dead animals into nutrients for plants?
| A．A producer. | B．A consumer. | C．A decomposer. | D．A food web. |
| A．Because they are the main food of lions. |
| B．Because they can provide nutrients for lions. |
| C．Because there will be no food for lions without plants. |
| D．Because there will be more enemies for lions without plants. |
| A．A rock. | B．A dead tree. | C．A paper. | D．A living flower |
A． | B． | C． | D． |
| A．I want to know why trees are green. |
| B．I want to know why elephants never get lost. |
| C．I want to know how horses and lions are similar and different. |
| D．I want to know how living things are connected and work together. |
8 . There are many types of maps in the world. Most of them are widely used in our everyday life. Different maps have different uses. When we are in a new place, a proper map may help us solve the problems easily.
Tourist maps, for example, have signs to show places of interest in an area. When tourists read these maps, it is easy for them to find where to go and what to see in a place and it is easy for them to go and find their ways to these places, too.
Road maps show large areas so that people can plan long trips. We use different numbers to stand for different roads. For example, if you want to go to Wood Green, you just follow No.621 Road and keep looking at the road signs.
Distribution (分布) maps use colors or signs to show facts about an area. For example, what languages people speak, how many people live in an area, how cold and hot some places are, or whether a place is short of water.
Some maps, such as railway maps, use straight (直的) lines to show everything. It’s easy for people to read them. Trains are fast. People don’t have to think about small places they go past. They just need to know the two ends of their trips.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。1. What does the underlined word “them” refer to in the second paragraph?
| A．The uses of maps. | B．Different maps. |
| C．Tourists. | D．People’ problems. |
| A．When to use road maps. |
| B．How to use road maps. |
| C．What the shape of road maps is. |
| D．Where people can buy road maps. |
| A．It can tell us the way to the places of interest in an area. |
| B．It is helpful for people to make a plan before a long trip. |
| C．We can use it to show how many people live in an area. |
| D．We need to use straight lines to show everything in the map. |
A． | B． | C． | D． |
| A．Different kinds of maps. | B．Different signs of maps. |
| C．Different colors of maps. | D．Different meanings of maps. |
9 . Every year, when the Dragon Boat Festival comes, Chinese people often put a kind of plant on the door. It is called wormwood (艾草).
In fact, wormwood tastes terrible but smells very pleasant.
Wormwood is well-known because it can treat a great number of illnesses. Hundreds of years later, in Qichun, Hubei Province, it is still helping people. Recently, Qichun is busy preparing for the World Wormwood Industry Show (艾草产业展会).
Wormwood is becoming the main-industry in this area.
| A．It will take place during the Dragon Boat Festival. |
| B．He was a very famous TCM doctor during the Ming Dynasty. |
| C．The life of Qichun people is becoming better and better by growing wormwood. |
| D．On one hand, people believe that wormwood can drive out bad spirits or bad luck. |
| E．Hundreds of years ago, Chinese people began to use wormwood as a kind of medicine. |
10 . Each of us has an ID card (身份证). Did you know that a seed can have one? The “card” shows that the seed is at China’s Seed Bank in Beijing.
A seed’s journey to the seed bank starts with a census (普查). China’s latest census of agricultural (农业的) seeds started in 2021 and ended in January this year. Workers collected more than 139,000 new seeds from all over the country. They then arrived at the seed bank.
When seeds first come in, they each get a number for their “physical examination” For example, workers put all kinds of rice from different farms together. Then they put them into groups according to the seeds’ look or taste.
Next, workers check the seeds to make sure they’re healthy and all the unhealthy ones are given up. A worker at the seed bank showed CCTV News a seed that had a large insect inside it.
“A seed like this should not be saved,” he said.
With the bad seeds gone, researchers then test the good ones to see how likely they are to grow. The seed bank has a quick, smart way of doing this: Workers test the seeds and use the information they get to know about their growth. Workers dry and weigh the best seeds after several tests. Then, they’re stored in a super cold fridge at -18 C.
China’s seed bank keeps all the seed information safe and helps people learn about them. This can help develop new plants that can grow better and deal well with hard environments, ensuring the food security (安全) of the country.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。1. What is a census of seeds?
| A．Counting the number of seeds in an area. |
| B．Examining the safety of the country’s seeds. |
| C．Recording all of the seeds at the seed bank. |
| D．Collecting as many different seeds as possible. |
| A．birthplace | B．weight | C．look or taste | D．growth |
| A．collecting | B．saving | C．checking | D．tasting |
| A．To pick healthy seeds. | B．To know about seeds’ growth. |
| C．To test their temperature. | D．To pick unhealthy seeds. |
| A．To protect our country’s food safety. |
| B．To deal with problems caused by climate change. |
| C．To know about future seed production. |
| D．To learn the development of agriculture. |
