1 . 阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺，意思完整，每空限填一词。

Some people think that smoking can help them relax. In fact, smoking     1     really unhealthy. Do you know that     2     are over 4000 chemicals in cigarettes? These chemicals are bad     3     our bodies. They can cause cancer and other diseases.

The smoke from cigarettes harm not only smokers     4     other people. It’s called “second-hand smoke” and it can be more dangerous and has higher risks. Smokers shouldn’t use smoking     5     help them relax. They must give up smoking as soon as possible.

2 . Is there a way to quickly remember information just before taking an exam?     1     Scientists from the UK said this activity can help people improve their short﹣term memory.

    2     After watching the video, the people that took part in the experiment were divided into three groups. One group was told to walk 10 meters forward. The second group walked 10 meters backward.     3     All three groups were then asked 20 questions about what they saw in the video. The scientists found that the backward﹣walking group got two more answers correct on average (平均)than the other two groups.

“Time is really expressed through space, ” Aleksandar Aksentijevic said. When you walk backward, you see things from a different angle (角度) compared with walking forward. This difference helps people recall things that happened in the past. And walking backward is not just good for the brain.     4    

Compared with walking forward, walking backward is more challenging. This can help us improve our fitness.Walking backward uses more energy in a short time and burns more calories (卡路里).     5       It could be helpful for people who often have pain in their knees.Walking backward also keeps our spines (脊柱) strong, which can help to reduce pain in the lower back. This might be why many old people like walking backward.

选择恰当的选项补全短文。

A．The third group stood in one place.

B．It is also good for the rest of the body.

C．Walking backwards might be a solution.

D．Researchers asked 114 volunteers to watch a video.

E．In addition, walking backward is less stressful for our knees.

3 .

Does your family buy the week’s groceries (杂货) including many bottled drinks into your home? Because after having sports or hanging out under the sun, it’s so cool to get a cold one right out of the fridge, right?

    1     Americans buy more bottled water than any other nation in the world with 29 billion water bottles a year. In order to make all these bottles, 17 million barrels (桶) of oil will be used up. That’s enough oil to keep a million cars going for twelve months.

    2     In fact, instead of going out with the trash, plastic bottles can be turned into carpeting on clothing. Remember this: Recycling one plastic bottle can save enough energy to power a 60-watt (瓦特) light bulb for six hours.

Unfortunately, for every six water bottles we use, only one is made recycling. The rest are sent as garbage. Or, even worse, they end up as trash on the land or in rivers, oceans.     3    

So why don’t more people drink water from the kitchen? Some people drink bottled water because they think it is better for them, but that’s not true.     4     It can do harm to people.

So next time when you have drinks or water, please try to use a glass at home or carry water in a steel bottle.     5    

根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。

A．Plastic bottles take many hundreds of years to disintegrate (分解).

B．But all those plastic bottles use a lot of oil and pollute the environment.

C．Also, you can try to collect plastic bottles and send them for recycling.

D．Most people choose to throw the bottles away after having the bottled drinks.

E．The chemicals in the bottles themselves may get into the water.

5 . We sometimes call the lion “the king of the jungle (丛林之王)” , because it is stronger and more dangerous than other animals.     1     It is the highest animal in the land food chain (链).

In the sea animals, the shark (鲨鱼) is one of the animals at the top of the food chain. It can swim faster than most other sea animals.     2    

What is at the top of the world’s food chain? People are!     3     We could not run faster than cheetahs (猎豹), but we invented cars and now we can move the fastest. We could not fight better than lions, but we invented guns (枪). Now we can hunt the best.

People’s inventions are clever, but they can be dangerous, too. For example, people invented lactones (内酯), and now they make the air and rivers dirty.     4     Dirty rivers kill fish. The bears cannot eat the fish and they die. If we kill one part of the food chain, other parts also die. Remember that we are also a part of the food chain, so we are in danger, too!     5     We should and we could do something for the world!

选择恰当的选项补全短文。

A．Protecting animals is protecting ourselves!

B．And it can use its big teeth to eat them.

C．This can make terrible changes.

D．We are not the biggest or fastest, but we are the cleverest.

E．It can run faster than many animals and it can hunt (打猎) the best.

6 . What are you holding in your hand while you are taking the exam? Right. A pen.

Though it is small, the pen has changed the history. It has improved the trade of countries, recorded events, carried news, and done far more work for human beings than any other tool.

Progress without it would have been almost impossible. The invention of the wheels, the introduction of steam engine (蒸汽机), the use of electricity, all these have changed the lives of millions of people, but the pen has done more. It has taken away mountains, and it has prepared the way for all progress and development of the society.

In the past the pen did all the work if you wanted to keep any writing. The lawyers took up their pens and wrote the law of the country from the days when paper was first used. The most famous letters in the world were written with a pen. It was with a pen that the greatest thinkers of all time wrote down their thoughts (思想).

The pen is very useful. We cannot sign (签字) a bill or write a letter or buy a house without our pen. An agreement is worthless till our name is written with a pen. The writers encourage the world with it. The students take their exams with it as well.

Our coming into the world is recorded with a pen. Before we have been at school, our name is written on the name list with a pen. We cannot be married till we have signed. A pen records (记录) the important events in our life.

Let us remember that we hold in our hand the most powerful tool that man owns. The pen is a magic tool. Whenever you use it, enjoy it.

1. What does the word “mountains” in the third paragraph refer to?

A．Something uses electricity.	B．Something about the steam engine.
C．Something stops the development of the society.	D．Something about the famous letters in the world.

2. When did the lawyers start to write the law of the country?

A．Before thinkers’ thoughts were changed.	B．When paper was first used.
C．After babies recorded their birth.	D．When students went to school.

3. What can people do with the pen?
a. Write books.       b. Introduce paper.
c. Write the names.       d. Record important things.
e. Invent tools.

A．a, b, c

B．a, c, d

C．b, c, d

D．b, c, e

4. In which part of a magazine can you read the text?

A．Nature.

B．Health.

C．Travel.

D．Culture.

5. What’s the best title for the text?

A．The Makers of the Pen	B．The Differences of the Pen
C．The Users of the Pen	D．The Importance of the Pen

7 . Many people in China eat rice every day. lt is a big part of the Chinese diet. People also use rice to make rice noodles, rice milk, rice cake, rice paper and so on. Rice grows in rice paddies, You can find rice paddies in many places. There can be thousands of rice plants in one paddy. Each plant is called a stalk(茎). Each stalk of rice has several hundred grains of rice on it. That’s a lot of rice!

When farmers grow rice, they must take good care of it, so the plants can grow well. Here are some conditions. Rice needs good soil, a lot of sun and a lot of water. Rice also needs space to grow. This is why farmers usually plant rice stalks in rows. Then each plant has enough space around. Temperature is also very important. Rice grows best in warm places.

The first step to grow rice is preparing the land. It must be level(平坦的). When the land is ready, farmers plant the rice seedlings(秧苗) and cover them with water. After the rice seedlings start to grow, farmers move the little stalks to bigger fields. Then they watch and wait. It takes about three to six months for a rice plant to become ready. Then the rice is harvested by the farmers, so people can eat the rice.

1. Rice is a big part of the ________ diet.

A．German

B．Australian

C．Italian

D．Chinese

2. What does the underlined word “paddies” probably mean in Chinese?

A．水田

B．高山

C．沙漠

D．河流

3. Why do farmers plant rice stalks in rows?

A．Because rice needs good soil.	B．Because rice needs a lot of water.
C．Because rice needs space to grow.	D．Because rice needs a lot of sun.

4. Where does rice grow best?

A．In hot places.

B．In warm place.

C．In cool places.

D．In cold places.

5. What does the text mainly talk about?

A．People feed on rice.	B．People use rice to make many different kinds of foods.
C．The steps of growing rice.	D．The steps to grow rice and conditions of growing rice.

8 . Everybody’s house smells in some way. There are the smells of bread that is no longer fresh, or those of the flowers which are dying.

You almost never notice the way your own place smells. You notice the way everyone else’s place smells as soon as you walk in. There are their pets like the cats and the dogs, the new furniture like the sofa and the bed they just got. And those all add up to the way their house smells.

You can only smell your own house after you’ve been away for a long while. Not just a workday, but a week. It has to do with sensory adaptation (感觉适应). That’s the scientific way to say that you just get used to it. And it’s clearer for our sense of smell than for any other sense, like our hearing.

Researcher Pamela Dalton at the Monell Chemical Senses Center has done lots of work on sensory adaptation. She and her team say that adaptation means you respond (作出反应) less when a stimulus (刺激物) is repeated. So when you’re at home, the smell of your house is all around you. It never goes away. It’s not just repeated - you’re swimming in it. So you become adapted to the way it smells. You adapt to smells really quickly. After even a few breaths of a smell, Dalton says, you begin to acclimate to it. You start to respond to that smell less strongly and finally don’t notice it at all. That’s why you can smell your friend’s house when you walk in, but you don’t really notice it when you’re there all the time.

It’s important to discover smells. It might warn you of danger, like something bad in your drinks, or it might show something pleasant, like the fresh bread. Your nose can look for new smells that are dangerous or delicious.

If you want to change the way your house smells, many things might work, like candles , fresh fruit and so on.

1. Which may not be the reason for your house’s smell?

A．

B．

C．

D．

2. What is Pamela Dalton’s idea?

A．When a stimulus is repeated, people respond more.

B．When you’re at home, the smell of your house never goes away.

C．There is nothing we can do to change the way our house smells

D．Smells can warn people of danger but can't show anything pleasant.

3. Which paragraph provides an explanation about sensory adaptation?

A．Paragraph 1.

B．Paragraph 2.

C．Paragraph 4.

D．Paragraph 5.

4. What does the underlined phrase “acclimate to” mean in Chinese?

A．适应

B．重视

C．否认

D．依赖

5. What does the text mainly tell us?

A．How we can smell better.	B．How we discover new smells.
C．Why we can’t smell our own house.	D．How we can make our house smell better.

9 . How long does a year last? Children might say that a year lasts forever. But your parents might say that a whole year can pass “in the blink of an eye”. Why does time seem to pass faster as we get older?

According to scientists from Duke University, US, our brains degrade (退化) and change over time. This physical change causes the rate at which we take in and deal with new information to fall down.

Babies, for example, move their eyes much more often than grown-ups because they’re dealing with images at a faster rate, Adrian Bejan from the university told the Daily Mail. They take in a lot of information and do many things in a single day. This makes them feel like a single day lasts for a long time.

However, as people’s brains degrade over time, fewer images are dealt with in the same amount of time. Therefore, older people receive less information during a day than younger people. This causes things to seem as if they are happening more quickly.

What’s more, people may also “feel” time differently due to psychological (心理的) reasons. People may measure time by the number of memorable events that can be recalled within a certain period.

Have you ever noticed that when you recall your firsts (first day of school, first family vacation, etc.), they seem to be in slow motion! That’s because when something is a “first”, there are many exciting things to remember. Recalling these memories makes you feel like they took forever, according to David Eagleman of the Baylor College of Medicine in the US.

For many grown-ups, life is made up of daily things. When they look back they might feel like there are not many interesting things to remember. Therefore, time seems to be moving faster to them.

根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1. What does the phrase “in the blink of an eye” mean in the first paragraph?

A．Quickly.

B．Slowly.

C．Unexpectedly.

D．Directly.

2. What does the underlined word “they” refer to?

A．Brains.

B．Images.

C．Younger people.

D．Things.

3. What does the writer mainly try to tell us in Paragraph 6?

A．We should value our memories about the firsts.

B．How the firsts affect our senses about time.

C．The firsts are full of exciting and memorable things.

D．David Eagleman found out secrets about our memories.

4. What is the structure of this article?

A．

B．

C．

D．

5. What is the purpose of this article?

A．To ask people to value the time.

B．To explain why people feel time differently at different ages.

C．To explain why younger people receive more information.

D．To advise people to value their experiences.

10 . To-wit-to-woo, to-wit-to-woo! What’s that strange sound coming from the forest in the moonlight? It’s an owl (猫头鹰), of course!

All day long, seated comfortably on a tree, the owl is sleeping or at least he’s trying to snooze, because it’s sometimes hard to close the eyes with all the sounds made by the little birds and animals in the forest! The owl hunts (捕猎) only at night. When evening comes, the animals all get to a safe place. The owl opens its big, round eyes. Any little animal around had better watch out! The owl mostly eats small animals like mice, but it wouldn't say no to another bird, if it gets the chance!

The owl uses its fantastic hearing to find its food, and then it turns its head from side to side，using its sharp (敏锐的) eyes to follow the animal.

Finally, it flies down to get the animal. Owls have special, soft feathers (羽毛), so they can fly without making any sound. Owls are such good hunters that they can even catch a fly in the air!

The owl is quiet most of the time, except when you get too close to its home. The owl is a great mother, who will protect her babies by opening her feathers angrily. An owl will even hurt people if she thinks her babies are in danger!

An owl has no teeth, so it eats an animal whole. All the parts of the animal that the owl can’t digest (消化) will end up as small pieces. If you find these small pieces, you know you are near an owl’s home.

1. The underlined word “snooze” has the closest meaning to “_______”.

A．sit

B．sleep

C．hunt

D．fly

2. What can we learn about the owl’s hunting habit?

A．It goes to a safe place at night.

B．It hunts mostly in the daytime.

C．It may have birds as its meals.

D．It uses its sharp eyes to find food.

3. Why are owls good hunters?

A．They can fly very fast.

B．They have dark feathers.

C．They are usually small-sized.

D．They can fly with no sound.

4. A mother owl will probably _______   if you get close to her home.

A．be quiet	B．watch out for you
C．leave her babies behind	D．fly away with her babies

5. How does an owl eat other animals?

A．It eats them whole.

B．It eats them with other owls.

C．It eats a small piece at a time.

D．It eats them away from its home.