1 . 利用一段阻值约为5Ω的康铜电阻丝,测定康铜材料的电阻率。
(1)如图,用螺旋测微器测量电阻丝直径,其读数为
(2)现有电源(3V,内阻可不计)、滑动变阻器(0-20Ω,额定电流2A),开关和导线若干,电流表和电压表均有两个量程:
电流表:0-0.6A,内阻约0.125Ω; 0-3A,内阻约0.025Ω
电压表:0-3V,内阻约3kΩ; 0-15V,内阻约15kΩ
为减小测量误差,在实验中电流表量程应选用
2 . 近日,国家知识产权局发布《关于第二十四届中国专利奖授奖的决定》,北京控制工程研究所“航天器交会对接飞行控制智能数据分析与决策支持系统”获中国专利银奖。在航天器仪表上使用的电阻器和电位器,要求具有电阻温度系数低,电阻率大,耐磨等性能。实验小组测量一个由新材料制成的圆柱体的电阻率ρ的实验,其操作如下:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/21/a8203350-709e-4251-8401-f119f7abb1dc.png?resizew=425)
(1)用如图所示的游标卡尺新材料长度,其读数为
(2)用多用电表的电阻“×10”挡按正确的操作步骤测此圆柱体的电阻,表盘的示数如图丙所示,则此圆柱体的电阻约为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/21/74b58844-4369-4995-909b-9e435c8fae17.png?resizew=286)
(3)该同学想用伏安法更精确地测量其电阻,现有器材的代号和规格如下:
待测圆柱体(电阻为R);
电流表A₁(量程0~20mA,内阻约为30Ω);
电流表A₂(量程0~5mA,内阻约为10Ω);
电压表V₁(量程0~15V,内阻约为20kΩ);
电压表V₂(量程0~3V,内阻约为10kΩ);
直流电源E(电动势4V,内阻不计);
滑动变阻器R₁(阻值范围0~15Ω,允许通过的最大电流2.0A);
滑动变阻器R₂(阻值范围0~2kΩ,允许通过的最大电流0.5A);
开关S,导线若干。
为保证实验精度减小实验误差,要求测得尽可能多的数据进行分析,请在虚线框中画出测量的电路图,并标明所用器材的代号
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/21/03d68fdc-251e-4a2f-977f-eb678d480228.png?resizew=215)
3 . 在实验室中测量一金属丝的电阻率:
(1)先用多用电表×10Ω挡粗测其电阻发现多用表指针偏角偏大,为进一步较精确测量选用合适的倍率重新欧姆调零后,测量时指针位置如图1所示,其电阻为
(2)为了减小实验误差,需进一步测其电阻,除待测金属丝外,实验室还备有的实验器材如下:
A.电压表V1(量程3V,内阻约为1.5kΩ)
B.电压表V2(量程15V,内阻约为75kΩ)
C.电流表A1(量程3A,内阻约为0.2Ω)
D.电流表A2(量程0.6A,内阻约为1Ω)
E.滑动变阻器R1(0~5Ω,允许通过的最大电流1.0A)
F.滑动变阻器R2(0~2000Ω,允许通过的最大电流1.0A)
G.输出电压为2.5V的直流稳压电源E
H.开关S,导线若干
①为了测多组实验数据,则上述器材中电流表应选用
②根据所选仪器设计好电路,画在虚线框中。
(3)关于本实验的误差,下列说法正确的是
A.用螺旋测微器、游标卡尺测量时,由于读数引起的误差属于系统误差
B.将读出的几组电表示数取平均值代入公式计算电阻可以减小误差
C.为了减小读数误差,电表读数时应多估读几位
D.利用U-I图像处理数据求出金属丝电阻可以减小偶然误差
(1)如图甲所示,先用多用电表“
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/84a14f9891a7937e9e46ee118a68ec9c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8e3ef4881bd7c5860178dbdbc7bba6e3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cffa35373ec4e4684107b42adb7a5161.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7c98c59cd4749afdd21e73529fc84323.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/10/28/63ae548a-1ebd-444c-b456-c22a73ba872d.png?resizew=448)
(2)为了减小实验误差,需进一步测其电阻,除待测金属丝外,实验室还备有的实验器材如下:
A.电压表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/48fade4e14bf5845ff14f9e95bb6bfef.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c94435abd92f9e157066cfb7f4e1b514.png)
B.电压表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b40f1d184152aa3954752ed70e7d1612.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b8ccbebec471b0443c60a809de3721da.png)
C.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/024e2379c58191758f8bd7602a6bcb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d941822843eff28c70023ea38051c307.png)
D.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b34a75c2a392f235c5f07b91d9fb58d5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c3ed734a4b57c6d63e19d403f419d3c7.png)
E.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/281e8f4804c29190f5535f58d39341a2.png)
F.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d922669f83989474da9c567d0e335280.png)
G.1.5V的干电池两节,内阻不能忽略
H.电阻箱
I.开关S,导线若干
请选择合适的仪器在下面的方框中设计最合理的电路图,并标明选用的仪器
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/10/28/94e0c2cf-6d32-47ca-928d-aa6332ba0c78.png?resizew=165)
(3)通过移动滑动变阻器测得多组电压U和电流I的值,并以U为纵轴、I为横轴建立
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e43cca5751eff3d24b64cb51006d6d7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b30db97c39edcede2f0e7d4e075fecec.png)
A.直流电源(电动势6V,内阻可不计)
B.直流电流表(量程0~600mA,内阻约为5Ω)
C.直流电流表(量程0~3A,内阻约为0.1Ω)
D.直流电压表(量程0~3V,内阻约为6kΩ)
E.直流电压表(量程0~15V,内阻约为15kΩ)
F.滑动变阻器(10Ω,2A)
G.滑动变阻器(1kΩ,0.5A)
H。电键
I.导线若干
以上器材中电流表选用
在答题卡的方框中画出实验电路图
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/10/18/640c7444-1633-468e-873a-9590b053f86a.png?resizew=178)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/10/15/accfe38e-810e-488b-9151-f87c5ab4ec37.png?resizew=351)
A.电池(
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3088c2099211295de775ee33dd1d03fc.png)
B.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/024e2379c58191758f8bd7602a6bcb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9a9d332743ec267382cd99600b757cd3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/159faf4a64cab518863177238d345ff7.png)
C.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b34a75c2a392f235c5f07b91d9fb58d5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4b5c929172bbfc21741fa7ef1f53b7bb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/42cbb46b2ba641e80ac41c7120a6fe16.png)
D.电压表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/48fade4e14bf5845ff14f9e95bb6bfef.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4a6bb65878785532d817f8fd11a9ef3d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0ad53b547e11f3e4719a70a4b9564cc8.png)
E.电压表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b40f1d184152aa3954752ed70e7d1612.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9cd1fc5aefd9457c7ae9fa5acbcdcdd1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/14654dff90bd9912cc1ea0945fea0f38.png)
F.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a6f7b44014883510d3933bf20d66f44f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d73c327d0f1396ddc8f8a4c1662cd626.png)
G.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0659da9e6ba286b42d8b0986d0c81e9a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/83fd4d30b27a9f75cae20916d5744baa.png)
H.电键、导线
(1)若所测金属管的电阻约为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/146c023fdf3018f507d1db2e51f8d92d.png)
(2)为了尽可能减小测量误差,需要金属管上所加电压能够从零开始变化,且变化范围比较大,请在图乙虚线框中画出符合要求的电路图
(3)利用电压表测量值U、电流表测量值I和题中所述物理量,推导出金属管电阻率的计算公式
(1)首先用螺旋测微器测量该电阻丝的直径,示数如图甲所示,则该电阻丝的直径
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7c98c59cd4749afdd21e73529fc84323.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/9/25/ea73ee54-f677-46a6-8037-9ac827532279.png?resizew=210)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/9/25/272d70b9-84c4-4295-b5bc-1128966cc7b9.png?resizew=391)
(2)他们又精确测量该电阻丝的阻值
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/024e2379c58191758f8bd7602a6bcb9f.png)
电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b34a75c2a392f235c5f07b91d9fb58d5.png)
定值电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
定值电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
定值电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5a2c4640b2bee411935f588fc5433c74.png)
滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/98e2599548b7b123f3c8d0b91aacd5de.png)
电源(电动势为12V,内阻为0.5Ω)。
①因为实验室没有提供电压表,该实验小组用电流表A2和定值电阻改装成所需要的电压表,定值电阻应选用
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5a2c4640b2bee411935f588fc5433c74.png)
②在图乙中将实验电路补充完整。(待测金属丝用“
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/9/25/d1dcc292-70b2-4941-bc0e-dd68cbbcd29e.png?resizew=92)
(3)用刻度尺测得电阻丝接入电路中的长度为10.10cm。
(4)电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/024e2379c58191758f8bd7602a6bcb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2f1ac49b4139636fb1809fe970b23a87.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b34a75c2a392f235c5f07b91d9fb58d5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2d1a0fd1ad044a9ecfcba672779bd678.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2f1ac49b4139636fb1809fe970b23a87.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2d1a0fd1ad044a9ecfcba672779bd678.png)
8 . 某同学为了测定一个圆柱体工件材料的电阻率,采用了如下方法:
(1)利用游标卡尺和螺旋测微器分别测量圆柱体工件的高度和直径,测量结果如图甲、乙所示,该工件高度为
,直径
为
。
(2)用多用电表测得该工件的电阻大约为
,该同学又用伏安法测定该工件的阻值,除被测电阻外,还有如下实验仪器:
A.直流电源(电动势,内阻不计)
B.电压表(量程
,内阻约为
)
C.电压表(量程
,内阻约为
)
D.电流表(量程
,内阻约为
)
E.电流表(量程
,内阻约为
)
F.滑动变阻器,阻值
G.开关S,导线若干
在上述仪器中,电压表应选择”或“
”),电流表应选择
”或“
”)。请在图中虚线框内画出电路原理图(电表用题中所给的符号表示)。
(3)如果电压表示数为,电流表示数为
,则此圆柱工件材料的电阻率为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/9/18/d8c9d879-14f5-42d9-b022-4dd8f06c112d.png?resizew=158)
(1)开关S闭合,滑动变阻器的滑片应置于
(2)实验中,电压表的示数为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cba2a2249e24c81791dd54abde47efbd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ccb6ee4d31fc7073aa4b3f2821e53a83.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8e3ef4881bd7c5860178dbdbc7bba6e3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0047f659c182291c84c224df6b5e993f.png)
(3)测得金属丝的长度为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0c88d9142df6ba8e43c1a93bd04a1362.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5c02bc0c74292b1e8f395f90935d3174.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b30db97c39edcede2f0e7d4e075fecec.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e2e2ffaeff8aed6987af68a8fedd588.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5c02bc0c74292b1e8f395f90935d3174.png)
(1)用游标卡尺测量该圆柱体的长度如图甲所示, 则该圆柱体的长度为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fd1846e964fd60c54888a3c706a97442.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9a6d85799453899836bc34ad276ec80e.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/8/28/d88ee47b-2287-4ff7-a866-9f438f100672.png?resizew=157)
(3)该同学用电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/024e2379c58191758f8bd7602a6bcb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bd19ab9aac1ca3c628c3bde8b866d746.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/910928687da37388715dd531939fbfed.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b34a75c2a392f235c5f07b91d9fb58d5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4b5c929172bbfc21741fa7ef1f53b7bb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5d0210026c88ec845716829b24ecc77f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d0acbd28b27a5ef072eb1d57087809d1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/78aa8e890d2ac882e0fe79598811777a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4c26611f3be42190e60a40165cfa6af7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6b26d0e154ef213ebe194b8b5e519f13.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/024e2379c58191758f8bd7602a6bcb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b34a75c2a392f235c5f07b91d9fb58d5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2f1ac49b4139636fb1809fe970b23a87.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2d1a0fd1ad044a9ecfcba672779bd678.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4212457a633802e1f3e95466543cc9d8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2f1ac49b4139636fb1809fe970b23a87.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6defc43285a40f7ccb74c1cc04265eba.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/024e2379c58191758f8bd7602a6bcb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b34a75c2a392f235c5f07b91d9fb58d5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2f1ac49b4139636fb1809fe970b23a87.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2d1a0fd1ad044a9ecfcba672779bd678.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4212457a633802e1f3e95466543cc9d8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2f1ac49b4139636fb1809fe970b23a87.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/423b7ae39db552e60ee8b1d27312306f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/67c1313842b62428737610b14806d883.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6defc43285a40f7ccb74c1cc04265eba.png)
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