1 . One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a horrible insect. He lay on his armor-like back, and if he lifted his head a little he could see his brown belly, slightly domed and divided by arches into stiff sections. The bedding was hardly able to cover it and seemed ready to slide off any moment. His many legs, pitifully thin compared with the size of the rest of him, waved about helplessly as he looked.
“What’s happened to me?” he thought. It wasn’t a dream. His room, a proper human room although a little too small, lay peacefully between its four familiar walls. A collection of textile samples lay spread out on the table—Samsa was a travelling salesman—and above it there hung a picture that he had recently cut out of an illustrated magazine and housed in a nice, gilded frame. It showed a lady fitted out with a fur hat and fur scarf who sat upright, raising a heavy fur muff (暖手筒) that covered the whole of her lower arm towards the viewer.
Gregor then turned to look out the window at the dull weather. Drops of rain could be heard hitting the window, which made him feel quite sad. “How about if I sleep a little bit longer and forget all this nonsense,” he thought, but that was something he was unable to do because he was used to sleeping on his right, and in his present state couldn’t get into that position. However hard he threw himself onto his right, he always rolled back to where he was. He must have tried it a hundred times, shut his eyes so that he wouldn’t have to look at the floundering legs, and only stopped when he began to feel a mild, dull pain there that he had never felt before.
He thought, “What a heavy career it is that I’ve chosen! Travelling day in and day out. Doing business like this takes much more effort than doing your own business at home, and on top of that there’s the curse of travelling, worries about making train connections, bad and irregular food, contact with different people all the time so that you can never get to know anyone or become friendly with them.” He felt a slight itch up on his belly; pushed himself slowly up on his back towards the headboard so that he could lift his head better; found where the itch was, and saw that it was covered with lots of little white spots which he didn’t know what to make of; and when he tried to feel the place with one of his legs he drew it quickly back because as soon as he touched it he was overcome by a cold tremble.
He slid back into his former position. “Getting up early all the time,” he thought, “it makes you stupid. You’ve got to get enough sleep. Other travelling salesmen live a life of luxury. For instance, whenever I go back to the guest house during the morning to copy out the contract, these gentlemen are always still sitting there eating their breakfasts. I ought to just try that with my boss; I’d get kicked out on the spot. But who knows, maybe that would be the best thing for me. If I didn’t have my parents to think about I’d have given in my notice a long time ago, I’d have gone up to the boss and told him just what I think, tell him everything I would, let him know just what I feel. He’d fall right off his desk! And it’s a funny sort of business to be sitting up there at your desk, talking down at your inferiors from up there, especially when you have to go right up close because the boss is hard of hearing. Well, there’s still some hope; once I’ve got the money together to pay off my parents’ debt to him—another five or six years I suppose—that’s definitely what I’ll do. That’s when I’ll make the big change.
“First of all though, I’ve got to get up, my train leaves at five.”
1. According to the passage, Gregor initially believes his transformation is a ________.A.curse |
B.disease |
C.nightmare |
D.fraud |
A.remind the reader that Gregor has already turned into an insect |
B.stress the disconnection between Gregor’s thoughts and his actual situation |
C.present important details about what Gregor’s new body looks like |
D.show that Gregor’s thoughts are focused on the changes to his body |
A.He is angry. |
B.He is eager to please. |
C.He is depressed. |
D.He is diligent. |
A.provide a solution to the conflict Gregor faces |
B.foretell the conflict between Gregor and his boss |
C.illustrate Gregor’s flexibility and ability to move on |
D.emphasize Gregor’s extreme sense of duty |
2 . In recent years American society has become increasingly dependent on its universities to find solutions to its major problems. It is the universities that have been charged with the principal responsibility for developing the expertise to place men on the moon; for dealing with our urban problems and with our deteriorating environment; for developing the means to feed the world’s rapidly increasing population. The effort involved in meeting these demands presents its own problems. In addition, this concentration on the creation of new knowledge significantly impacts on the universities’ efforts to perform their other principal functions, the transmission and interpretation of knowledge—the imparting (传授) of the heritage of the past and the preparing of the next generation to carry it forward.
With regard to this, perhaps their most traditionally acknowledged task, colleges and universities today find themselves in a serious bind generally. On the one hand, there is the American commitment, entered into especially since World War II, to provide higher education for all young people who can profit from it. The result of the commitment has been a dramatic rise in enrollments in our universities, coupled with a radical (激进的) shift from the private to the public sector of higher education. On the other hand, there are serious and continuing limitations on the resources available for higher education.
While higher education has become a great “growth industry”, it is also simultaneously a tremendous drain on the resources of nation. With the vast increase in enrollment and the shift in priorities away from education in state and federal budgets, there is in most of our public institutions a significant decrease in per capita (人均) outlay for their students. One crucial aspect of this drain on resources lies in the persistent shortage of trained faculty, which has led, in turn, to a declining standard of competence in instruction.
Intensifying these difficulties is, as indicated above, the concern with research, with its competing claims on resources and the attention of the faculty. In addition, there is a strong tendency for the institutions’ organization and functioning to fulfill the demands of research rather than those of teaching.
1. According to the passage, ________ should be the most important function of institutions of higher education.A.creating new knowledge |
B.providing solutions to social problems |
C.making experts on sophisticated industries out of their students |
D.preparing their students to transmit inherited knowledge |
A.more students and less investment | B.education quality and economic profit |
C.low enrollment rate and high dropout rate | D.private ownership and American commitment |
A.Most teachers are devoted to improving their competence in instruction. |
B.Research occupies more resources and teachers’ attention than teaching. |
C.The institutions’ organization tends to meet the demands of teaching. |
D.The lack of trained faculty leads to the decline in the quality of researches. |
A.high quality attracts students to stay in public universities |
B.the American commitment is to blame for all the difficulties |
C.higher education used to have a priority in government budgets |
D.the increasing expenses for each student drain the national resources |
3 . Two years ago, I was sitting in my car waiting in a long line for a toll booth (收费站). When I
The first time I tried to pay forward the toll, I kept
Thirty seconds later I was surprised to
A.slowly | B.personally | C.quietly | D.finally |
A.confident | B.alone | C.free | D.independent |
A.worried | B.shocked | C.embarrassed | D.bored |
A.need | B.bother | C.concern | D.allow |
A.worn down | B.crowded out | C.knocked down | D.left behind |
A.felt | B.shook | C.touched | D.stuck |
A.demanded | B.decided | C.agreed | D.offered |
A.fixing up | B.cleaning up | C.taking apart | D.looking into |
A.spirit | B.cause | C.effort | D.money |
A.target | B.taxi | C.booth | D.destination |
A.designed | B.changed | C.drawn | D.avoided |
A.upset | B.frightened | C.delighted | D.tired |
A.fight | B.research | C.conversation | D.competition |
A.actively | B.bravely | C.openly | D.certainly |
A.adjust | B.hear | C.make | D.realize |
A.waving | B.aiming | C.laughing | D.pointing |
A.pretty | B.childish | C.intelligent | D.happy |
A.chance | B.interview | C.lesson | D.record |
A.judge | B.admit | C.refuse | D.understand |
A.education | B.story | C.profession | D.achievement |
4 . As I put down the exercise equipment, my brain tries to focus on what my trainer has said.
“Describe that to me,” asked Rob. He is looking for an answer that required me to connect my brain to my body.
Yes, I know. My brain is connected to my body — the thing that has been carrying my head around for the last 56 years. Since completing my undergraduate degree I have been increasingly immobilized by my working life. Sitting still at a desk, staring at a screen, it’s mostly through my fingers that I connect to my brain.
“I felt great,” I reply. “I could feel it in my back.” Rob is quick to encourage and set up more weight. Then cheerfully he’ll say “okay, next set.”
Every accomplishment in my life has been centered in my head — grades, degrees, promotions, published papers and teaching. But on reflection, I wasn’t paying much attention to my body.
Weightlifting is different. Rob is a trainer and manager at my local gym, my guide in helping me with a single goal — get strong. Despite my age, size and beginner status, Rob has made me feel safe. He is always close by, watching and posing questions. Like “where did you feel that?” or the more general request, “Describe that for me.”
Early on I took these as rote (机械性流程) pleasantries (客套话). Over time I realized he wanted more than just routine answers. Having shown me how to do an exercise, Rob would encourage me to think about the muscle or chain of muscles as they moved. The questions were a test of that connection. Gradually, I started thinking my way back into my body. Not my body as a whole but as individual, connections to newly identified places. Intentionally. Specifically. Magically. It’s surprisingly difficult.
I am five months into a new way of living with this 56-year-old body. It talks to me in a tally different way now. It reminds me of my capabilities, my muscles calling me to move, demanding to be challenged. And I long to continue this dialogue so that I’m ready the next time Rob says: “Describe that to me.”
1. What can we learn from the third paragraph?A.The author is allergic to exercise. |
B.The author has been living an active life. |
C.The author doesn’t understand the trainer. |
D.The author’s fingers may be flexible. |
A.To help her release pressure. |
B.To help her feel her muscles working. |
C.To keep her focused on work. |
D.To stop the embarrassing atmosphere. |
A.The author’s gratitude to Rob. |
B.The author’s solid determination. |
C.The author’s recommendation to readers. |
D.The author’s confusion about weightlifting. |
A.A brand-new lifestyle. |
B.An effective way of exercise. |
C.Weightlifting: my favorite exercise. |
D.Keeping muscles connected. |
5 . The engineer’s motto is: “Keep it simple and serious.” But Dr. Arnold, though the fifth woman engineer in history to win the Nobel Prize, is somewhat
Here’s a picture of a beaming President Obama,
Another
See what the engineer has
A.different | B.popular | C.ordinary | D.difficult |
A.back to normal | B.off course | C.to the point | D.beyond perfection |
A.instructing | B.calling | C.thanking | D.congratulating |
A.shame | B.honor | C.relief | D.fear |
A.delivered | B.guided | C.separated | D.sheltered |
A.agency | B.exit | C.bus | D.house |
A.guns | B.fingers | C.sticks | D.arrows |
A.awarded | B.rescued | C.mistaken | D.teased |
A.familiar | B.great | C.frightening | D.fun |
A.pretended | B.agreed | C.announced | D.proved |
A.still | B.only | C.thus | D.even |
A.touched | B.cleaned | C.eyed | D.removed |
A.inquiry | B.request | C.greeting | D.comfort |
A.or | B.before | C.once | D.if |
A.gradually | B.suddenly | C.surely | D.barely |
A.serious | B.talkative | C.careless | D.dishonest |
A.doubted | B.regretted | C.insisted | D.argued |
A.wide | B.sweet | C.shut | D.open |
A.looked into | B.showed off | C.gone through | D.played with |
A.talents | B.appearances | C.stories | D.professions |
6 . High school graduations are one of the most important moments in a teenager’s life. However, heading into the
David was about to
“I was hoping that she would let it go, but she
Although firstly
It’s said that a truly
A.festival | B.conference | C.ceremony | D.exhibition |
A.eager | B.upset | C.thrilled | D.frightened |
A.violation | B.favor | C.honor | D.place |
A.envied | B.guaranteed | C.allowed | D.refused |
A.destroy | B.miss | C.seize | D.abandon |
A.strange | B.happy | C.friendly | D.serious |
A.accompanied | B.invited | C.pushed | D.directed |
A.read | B.draw | C.relax | D.change |
A.agreed on | B.complained about | C.insisted on | D.argued about |
A.reason | B.talk | C.quarrel | D.bargain |
A.decisive | B.unbelievable | C.important | D.appropriate |
A.shirt | B.gifts | C.role | D.shoes |
A.event | B.doors . | C.school | D.curtains |
A.saved | B.prevented | C.benefited | D.excused |
A.annoyed | B.entertained | C.confused | D.worried |
A.sensitive | B.urgent | C.ridiculous | D.ugly |
A.surprised | B.excited | C.disappointed | D.annoyed |
A.considerate | B.grateful | C.loving | D.proud |
A.inspired | B.optimistic | C.generous | D.wealthy |
A.contributes | B.refers | C.turns | D.applies |
7 . Of all the problems that people face today, depression proves to be one of the hardest to pinpoint. People often suffer secretly, not wanting to admit their need of professional help. They continue with their normal routines and, many times, unhealthy eating habits. Now, health professionals are actually linking diet and depression and have found success in using diet to treat the disorder.
Several researchers and Australian institutions at Deakin University in Victoria, Australia, set out to evaluate the direct link between diet and depression. They carried out the study over a 12-week period and observed 67 patients with moderate to severe depression. For their control group, the patients received social support rather than switching their eating habits to a well-balanced diet. The other patients then received dietary counseling sessions where they were advised to eat a diet high in fruits, vegetables, and lean meats. After the trial period, over 30 percent of the patients had gone into remission with their depression. Only 8 percent of the control group actually experienced this same improvement. This trial has greatly helped researchers understand and better help patients suffering from depression.
Most Americans today do not associate their diet and depression together. Nearly 60 percent of Americans eat over processed foods. 90 percent of added sugar comes from these processed foods. For people with depression, this diet might give a short energy burst, but it will eventually cause energy to sink, bringing happy moods down with it. Many people also love caffeine, drinking multiple cups each day. Again, they consume extra sugar. However, the caffeine can also disrupt sleep and cause anxiety. In addition, people with depression may have a tendency to turn to alcohol Unfortunately, alcohol depresses the central nervous system, which will directly influence a person’s mood for the worse, especially those dealing with depression.
According to the research, diet and depression do go hand in hand. Those suffering from depression should do away with processed foods as much as possible. With a few simple changes in lifestyle, these patients can improve their mental health and return to normal activities with renewed energy and joy.
1. What prevents patients from being identified according to the passage?A.Their reluctance to ask for treatment. | B.Lack of professional help. |
C.Unawareness of their diet problems. | D.Inadequate social support. |
A.The patients in the study came from different parts of the world. |
B.Two groups were divided on the basis of their levels of depression. |
C.The control group enjoyed a better improvement in their mood. |
D.The study helps researchers find a better treatment for depression. |
A.Chemicals in them will weaken patients’ central nervous system. |
B.Added sugar from them will finally lessen patients’ happiness. |
C.They can make patients more likely to be addicted to alcohol. |
D.They will reduce essential mood-boosting nutrients in patients. |
A.What you need is just a right diet | B.What is your depression killer? |
C.Is your diet making you depressed? | D.It’s time to change your life style |
8 . Kwane Stewart stepped outside a Modesto, California, convenience store with his morning coffee and spotted a
“I remember returning a week and a half later, the
Stewart was
He knows there are some people who question
A.sad | B.tired | C.sick | D.homeless |
A.pet | B.dog | C.cat | D.child |
A.found | B.examined | C.noticed | D.felt |
A.signs | B.standards | C.phenomena | D.appearances |
A.wanted | B.attempted | C.promised | D.offered |
A.formally | B.possibly | C.readily | D.unwillingly |
A.memory | B.hair | C.man | D.time |
A.finally | B.always | C.rarely | D.immediately |
A.playing | B.running | C.scratching | D.consuming |
A.sleeping | B.crying | C.suffering | D.wondering |
A.set | B.cheered | C.choked | D.warmed |
A.hooked | B.determined | C.worried | D.annoyed |
A.larger | B.harder | C.funnier | D.truer |
A.watching | B.wandering | C.circling | D.clearing |
A.move out | B.stay up | C.come from | D.camp out |
A.whether | B.when | C.where | D.how |
A.look for | B.belong to | C.adapt to | D.care for |
A.somebody | B.anybody | C.everybody | D.nobody |
A.generous | B.average | C.healthy | D.normal |
A.support | B.love | C.home | D.joy |
9 . If you look up in the sky, you probably see, at some point, an aircraft. And behind that aircraft are white, fluffy streaks (条纹). And that's what we call a contrail. Contrails are made up of ice crystals that form when aircraft engines emit exhaust (废气) that hits the cold air.
The ice crystals reflect incoming light from the sun back into space, which has a cooling effect on the atmosphere. But the contrails also stop heat coming up from the ground from escaping into space. It is reflected back down toward the ground. And so that's a warming effect. Stettler, an engineer from Imperial College London, says, on balance, contrails warm the atmosphere more than they cool it. And that's mainly because the cooling effect due to reflecting of sunlight can only happen during the day, when the sun's shining, whereas the warming effect due to trapping of outgoing heat happens all of the time.
How long do contrails last? This depends on the atmospheric conditions at the altitude where a plane is flying. Some contrails can form clouds that last for up to 18 hours. During that time, they spread out, trapping even more heat. This process allows contrails to warm the planet about as much as the carbon dioxide emissions from aircraft.
But when Stettler and his team analyzed flight data they obtained of Japan airspace, they found that most contrail warming was caused by just 2 percent of flights. And most of those flights originated in the late afternoon because as the sun goes down, cooling can no longer offset (抵消) the warming. And the warming effect continues to exist throughout the evening into the night. But what if the contrails that contribute the most to warming could be got rid of?
1. What does “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?A.A cooling effect. |
B.Heat from the ground. |
C.Light from the sun. |
D.Exhaust hitting the cold air. |
A.They can easily disappear in the air. |
B.They actually contribute to global warming. |
C.Their cooling effect happens all of the time. |
D.Their warming effect is usually overlooked. |
A.A future plan for Japan airspace. |
B.The negative influence of contrails. |
C.Other potential causes of contrails. |
D.A possible way to remove contrails. |
10 . Adnan, a 56-year-old father, wants to make it clear that it's not just mothers who can feel like failures in their home life. “I had the fairytale of what I'd be like as a dad,” he says. “When our first child was born, I had images of all this stuff we'd do together. It didn't include pictures of sleepless nights, or every item of clothing being covered in snot and yoghurt.”
He also says it doesn't get any easier with more children, because each child will have a different personality requiring different methods of parenting. “There's a fine line between child management, focusing on health and safety, and being a present dad, trying to listen to all their voices,” he says.
“No one explains that you're their protector as well as the person meeting their hygiene (卫生) factors, feeding them, listening to playground politics and building their confidence. You're the person who is the narrative in their head about how great they are.”
Adnan says that though he doesn't compare himself with other parents, he still finds it hard to shake the fairytale that is firmly in his head, compared with which he always comes up short. “The continuous refereeing (调解) and the delegate decision-making go beyond anything I've done in the workplace,” he says,
“I keep asking myself' Am I equipped to deal with this?' I'm a father, a counsellor (咨询师) and a coach. There's also something about being a parent in your 50 s: you don't have the physicality of your 30s.”
1. What was Adnan's “fairytale”?A.To be a father of many children. |
B.To raise the children with his wife. |
C.To experience parenting hardships. |
D.To enjoy the fantastic role of a parent. |
A.Having more sleepless nights. |
B.Meeting children's hygiene factors. |
C.Tailoring parenting to fit children. |
D.Focusing on kids' health and safety problems. |
A.He thinks parenting affects work. |
B.He does better than other parents. |
C.He falls short of kids' expectation. |
D.He finds being a dad quite challenging. |