1 . Mineralizing rivers, desalting oceans, drilling into the ground, there are many different ways to access drinking water in places where it’s in short supply. But with overpopulation, climate change and increasing water shortage, innovators have been on the lookout for a new solution — and some are convinced the answer is up in the air.
SOURCE Global is one of the many companies around the world extracting (提取) water from the air, with the hope of helping unwatered communities. However, its technology has a sustainable change. Its devices, named Hydropanels, are powered by built-in solar panels.
“You’re able to harvest water from the air using solar power and nothing else, no need for electricity, no need for a grid, no need for infrastructure — it’s perfectly self-sufficient,” explains Vahid Fotuhi, the company’s vice president.
Atmospheric water generators (AWGs), like SOURCE’s, are machines that produce drinkable water from surrounding air. These devices have been around for about a decade and traditionally they’re based on condensation — cooling water vapor to collect water. This process, however, can consume a lot of electricity and many of these early technologies only work in places with high air humidity (湿气). These limits are what urged SOURCE to develop a more flexible and sustainable solution.
Its solar panels power a fan that draws in air. Inside the device, the air travels through a sponge-like (海绵样的) material that traps the water vapor. SOURCE has fixed its Hydropanels around the world at hospitals, schools and work sites that have difficulty accessing water. It has also attracted commercial clients — particularly in countries catering to tourists in isolated landscapes, such as the desert.
According to Keith Hays, vice president of Bluefield Research, SOURCE’s design is different from other AWGs because it combines solar-based power supply and water capture mechanism within the same structure, enabling off-network operation. “Other systems usually have a separate panel or connect to the network,” he explains.
1. What is paragraph 1 mainly about?A.The pollution of drinking water. | B.The shortage of drinking water. |
C.The solutions to drinkable water shortage. | D.The potential markets of drinkable water. |
A.AWGs’ designs are too traditional. | B.AWGs’ process is no longer satisfactory. |
C.AWGs’ equipment has been used too long. | D.AWGs fail to work in areas with high air humidity. |
A.It can provide schools with free water. | B.Water is available in remote desert areas. |
C.Water in hospitals has become cleaner. | D.It can promote local tourism. |
A.Conservative. | B.Critical. | C.Approving. | D.Doubtful. |
2 . Students and Technology in the Classroom
I love my blackberry (黑莓手机) — it’s my little connection to the larger world that can go anywhere with me. I also love my laptop computer, as it holds all of my writing and thoughts. Despite this love of technology, I know that there are times when I need to move away from these devices (设备) and truly communicate with others.
On one occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom, I have a rule-no laptops, IPads, phones, etc. When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy.
Most students think that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology. There’s a bit of truth to that. Some students think that I am anti-technology. There’s no truth in that at all. I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.
The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversations and engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration (专心) and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas. I want them to push each other to think differently and make connections between the course material and the class discussion.
I’ve been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the evaluations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create. Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom.
I’m not saying that I won’t ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a rally good reason for the change, I’m sticking to my plan. A few hours of technology-free dialogue is just too sweet to give up.
1. Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with ______.A.the course material | B.others’ misuse of technology |
C.discussion topics | D.the author’s class rules |
A.explore | B.accept | C.change | D.refuse |
A.keep students from doing independent thinking |
B.encourage students to have deep conversations |
C.help students to better understand difficult themes |
D.affect students’ concentration on the teacher’s ideas |
A.is quite stubborn in teaching | B.will give up teaching history |
C.will change his teaching plan soon | D.values technology-free dialogues in his class |
3 . It’s never too late to get into science fiction.
While science fiction, or sci-fi, often asks that most powerful question “What if?” —— it also deals with “This, now”: reflecting it, questioning it and satirizing (讽刺) it. Science fiction can act at once as a glimpse into our imaginary future while holding a mirror up to our current state of society.
Indeed, it can act as a warning for the present to avoid a terrifying future or as a blueprint for future technology. Science fiction can inspire us to live better today so that we can live better lives tomorrow. As Scientific Americans noted, “Science fiction can remind us of … wonder and hope. But it also sends us a warning —— to think about the potential influences of our findings, beyond our idealistic dreams.”
Thanks to its brilliant creators, sci-fi becomes the perfect genre to ask the greatest questions that humans dare to ask and broaden the concepts of what is possible in the universe. Who are we and what can we become? Can technology make the world a better place? What will tomorrow bring —— and what can we do today to make that a reality?
The genre of sci-fi can push the boundaries of what we think is possible, like the legendary submarine mentioned in 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea far before any such vehicle existed. Or it can warn us of a near-future impacted by biotechnology, as in the MaddAddam trilogy. Sci-fi can even imagine how Earth responds to first contact with aliens, a focus of The Three-Body Problem by Liu Cixin. Sci-fi and its creators know no limits to what can be imagined. Anything is possible.
As science fiction grows in popularity, more books are being written, and more movies and TV shows are adapting these works for the screen. An adaptation of Dune is slated for a 2021 release, and The Three-Body Problem as well as MaddAddam are also in development. The medium of film and television has brought science fiction to life and continues to inspire — or scare — viewers with visions of the future.
1. What can science fiction act as?A.A mirror of reflecting “What if” | B.A wonder of science technology |
C.A vision of the future | D.A tool of broadening all concepts |
A.By giving examples | B.By listing statistics |
C.By making comparisons | D.By classifying facts |
A.3 | B.4 | C.5 | D.6 |
A.To honor those brilliant science fiction creators |
B.To think about the potential influences of sci-fi |
C.To inspire or scare viewers with visions of the future |
D.To encourage readers to get started with science fiction |
4 . I did not go on my first hike until my mid-30s. I could blame it on the fact that I grew up on the Great Plains of South Dakota and North Dakota. But mostly, to be honest, I just wasn't interested.
I went on my first hike a few years back while living in Vernont. At the urging of my wife, and with my two young kids, we walked a beautiful forest path on a cool August morning.
A few weeks ago, my 11-year-old son, my 61-year-old dad, and I hiked Camelbeack Mountain in Phoenix.
Now, just to be clear, by no means would I classify myself as an expert hiker. I love the stillness and calm of an empty path
A.I've fallen in love with climbing mountains. |
B.I carried a small backpack with water and snacks. |
C.If you can climb a mountain, you can do anything. |
D.I didn't see the value and always shook my head when asked. |
E.It is healthy physical exercise that creates wonderful memories. |
F.And I have no plans to climb Mount Kilimanjaro or walk the Appalachian Trail. |
G.Last weekend, I hiked down the Grand Canyon with my son along the South Kaibab Trail. |
5 . A few years back a group of young teachers from another school was spending a day in my class. They were energetic, bright and
We were building
It’s important to remember that we
A.curious | B.cute | C.caring | D.encouraging |
A.role | B.reason | C.goal | D.mistake |
A.fall | B.break | C.guess | D.tour |
A.cars | B.roller coasters | C.rockets | D.tracks |
A.showed | B.given | C.called | D.awarded |
A.together | B.down | C.back | D.aside |
A.present | B.plan | C.buy | D.read |
A.avoided | B.forbade | C.suggested | D.kept |
A.quickly | B.firmly | C.correctly | D.politely |
A.students | B.parents | C.friends | D.teachers |
A.continues | B.happens | C.stops | D.matters |
A.Thus | B.Now | C.Then | D.But |
A.broke | B.appeared | C.worked | D.opened |
A.taught | B.understood | C.created | D.changed |
A.shut up | B.come up | C.get up | D.keep up |
6 . My school appeared on the news last week because we had made an important change in our local area. Our class had planted a large garden in what was once only a vacant lot. It was a lot of work but it was all worth it. I got blisters(水泡) from digging, and we all got insect bites, too.
I learned a lot about gardening and collaboration(合作), and then I learned about the media. Our teacher telephoned the TV station and informed them of what we had accomplished. She spoke with the producer. The producer checked with the directors, but they said there were plenty of stories similar to ours. They wanted to know what was special about our particular garden, since many schools plant them.
The teacher explained that, after going on the Internet to learn about the prairie(大草原), we had made a prairie garden. We had gone to a prairie and gotten seeds from the plants, and then we planted them. We did not water the garden, but we did weed it. We decided to let nature water it with rain, since that was how prairies grew in the past. We sent a picture of the garden to the news station. In the picture, the grass was so high that it stood taller than the fourth grade students.
As a result, the producer sent a reporter to our school. He interviewed the headmaster and asked him many questions about the garden. After that, they interviewed us, and we explained to them what we had learned through this project.
That night, we watched the news, and there we were. The news reporter told our story. It was only two minutes long, but it was us. We were famous. All that work, all those blisters, it was worth it. We knew that when we saw the garden every day, but now we knew that the whole city thought so, too.
1. What seemed to be the TV directors’ initial reaction to the garden?A.They were excited. | B.They were surprised. |
C.They were worried. | D.They were uninterested. |
A.Weeds were allowed to spread naturally. |
B.The grass grew faster than common grass. |
C.The seeds came from the plants of a prairie. |
D.Underground water was used for the plants. |
A.We got blisters on our hands. | B.Our hard work was worthwhile. |
C.The garden would be famous. | D.The project would be finished. |
A.Annoyed. | B.Curious. | C.Proud. | D.Regretful. |
7 . Living on the Florida Emerald Coast, people view a hurricane as a common thing. So it is not unusual for a family to have several full gas cans and bottled water stored in their houses all summer.
Though unwilling to evacuate from a hurricane, on September 15,my family was forced to leave our home for my grandfather's house several miles away. We spent the early part of that evening watching the hurricane draw closer on the Weather Channel. Around nine o'clock, a loud sound shook the house, turned over the roof and carried it off. Soon came an indoor rainstorm.
Realizing the damage, my grandfather began to be afraid. The storm had started, but he still ran out into the heavy rain and wind to see how much of the roof was left. We got him back inside. I had never seen him so scared. Mom finally asked him to lie down in his room.
The leak had progressed rapidly. It soon became a race against time to protect what was saved. Some people may think it necessary to save material things, but I hoped to save those items with emotional value, such as the photos. I still feared the storm, but I more feared the influence it brought.
The next morning, it started to clear up. Thankfully, my family weathered the storm, though the same could not be said for the house. Only the wooden beams remained, but inside many of his things were safe. My mom and I had worked tirelessly through the night.
It was late, but we were still unwilling to go to bed. We discussed the rebuilding of the house. Under the beautiful sky, we suggested looking after my grandfather more often in the future. After this disaster, I realized the truth that the hurricane itself was not so terrible if we loved each other.
1. Why do the people store full gas cans and bottled water?A.To save much money. | B.To watch a hurricane easily. |
C.To protect their houses well. | D.To be prepared for hurricanes. |
A.Frightened. | B.Surprised. | C.Calm. | D.Angry. |
A.Prepared well for. | B.Waited patiently for. |
C.Came safely through. | D.Suffered seriously from. |
A.Family love is powerful. | B.Take things as they come. |
C.Good health is over wealth. | D.Lost time is never found again. |
8 . To attract more applicants, many schools now offer extra benefits to be enjoyed by all their students.
Michigan Technological University in Houghton
Taking advantage of the cold winter weather, Michigan Technological University sets itself apart with its ski resort (胜地), Mont Ripley, which is accessible (可使用的) and free for all students. Instead of hitting the campus gym, you’ll be able to get your exercise outside.
University of Missouri in Columbia
At the University of Missouri, you can enjoy one of the best campus recreational centers in the country. It features an “indoor beach” complete with a waterfall and a lazy river, as well as a full-service spa.
New York University, Manhattan
If you’re a fan of museums, NYU is the perfect university for you. Not only will you be located in the heart of a city featuring some of the best museums in the world, but the university will provide you with free admission to many of them. These include the Museum of Modern Art, the Whitney Museum and the Frick Collection.
Seton Hall University, South Orange
If you’re stressing out about the extra cost of technology when you start college, Seton Hall has something great to offer you: All incoming freshmen are given free computers through the university’s Mobile Computing Program. Then, after two years, they receive new, updated computers designed to carry them through graduation and beyond.
High Point University in High Point
If you see yourself quickly tiring of dining-hall food, the university has a great option: a private steakhouse for students. It’s a first-class restaurant, called 1924 PRIME.
Students are allowed one five-course meal each week, which would normally amount to about $50. The campus also offers free ice cream from a campus ice-cream truck, a free movie theater and a big store.
1. What activity does Mont Ripley offer to students?A.Sailing. | B.Skiing. | C.Skating. | D.Swimming. |
A.New York University. | B.Michigan Technological University. |
C.Seton Hall University. | D.High Point University. |
A.It offers free meals to students. | B.It opens one day each week. |
C.It is run by several students. | D.It is a high-quality restaurant. |
9 . The day finally came, when I had to leave the warm home where I’d grown up. I ran to the back yard, as tears came up from my heart. Suddenly I
Gently
“What do you see here, Billy?” he asked. I looked at the flowers, not knowing
He pulled me
A year later, my grandpa became very
“Hello, grandpa,” I
A.felt | B.fixed | C.watched | D.heard |
A.watch | B.interview | C.see | D.discover |
A.difficult | B.hard | C.easy | D.comfortable |
A.making | B.taking | C.leading | D.carrying |
A.where | B.when | C.which | D.while |
A.what | B.how | C.who | D.whether |
A.red | B.tasty | C.funny | D.beautiful |
A.close | B.hard | C.far | D.around |
A.bought | B.planted | C.treated | D.discovered |
A.approach | B.method | C.way | D.solution |
A.preferred | B.wanted | C.referred | D.used |
A.give up | B.give off | C.give in | D.give away |
A.word | B.happiness | C.sight | D.memory |
A.ill | B.weak | C.old | D.serious |
A.ordered | B.called | C.delivered | D.sent |
A.pleasure | B.duty | C.turn | D.wish |
A.happily | B.sadly | C.carefully | D.gently |
A.laughed | B.shouted | C.added | D.whispered |
A.sign | B.sigh | C.smile | D.wave |
A.thought | B.meant | C.worried | D.cared |
10 . Do you need a human to create a beautiful perfume? That’s the question being asked as artificial intelligence(AI) starts to enter the perfume industry. Companies are increasingly turning to technology in order to create more best-selling, unique perfumes that can be produced in just minutes.
Last year, Swiss-based perfume developer Givaudan launched Carto, an AI-powered tool to help perfumers. Using a touch screen, the perfumers can choose one from 1,500 ingredients and put it in a bottle without touching them and pull together different perfumes using data from the brands vast library of perfume formulas. A small robot immediately processes the fragrances into perfumes, making it easier for perfumers to test their new perfumes.
One benefit of Carto is that with it, perfume samples are created instantly, giving them a competitive advantage. “We can adjust the perfume almost live with the customer,” says Cal ice Becker, vice president perfumer and director of the Givaudan Perfumery School. “It is a big plus not just because we gain time but there's more closeness when we connect in front of the tool.”
German perfume house Symrise has gone one step further and teamed up with IBM Research to create an AI system called Philyra, which actually studies the perfume formulas and customer data to produce new perfumes. Like Carto, Philyra can’t actually smell anything. Claire Viola, vice president of digital strategy fragrance at Symrise, is the first to agree it hasn't been without weakness. If s machine-learning and sometimes the results are wrongs she says. “You have to qualify every new material, so it understands the difference between different perfumes, for example.”
Margaux Caron, global beauty analyst for colour cosmetics and perfumes at believes artificial intelligence is a powerful tool to create perfumes. “Technology and science are sometimes pictured and considered cold, but the perfume category is displaying a warm, emotional, human approach to it. The partnership between AI and perfumers is anchored in this philosophy,” she said.
1. What is the advantage of Carto?A.It can be used to test perfumes. | B.It can tell perfume ingredients apart. |
C.It frees perfumers totally from the task. | D.It helps tailor perfumes to customers’ needs. |
A.Philyra needs to be improved. | B.Philyra has a sharp sense of smell. |
C.Philyra’s study result is accurate. | D.Philyra’s good with new materials. |
A.Supportive. | B.Objective. | C.Concerned. | D. Skeptical. |
A.To introduce new perfume brands. | B.To explain how to make perfumes by AI. |
C.To discuss AFS strengths and weaknesses. | D.To show application of AI in making perfumes. |