1 . Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon? Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat (热). However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time—about eight hours after you wake up - your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day. The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern (模式). They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later.
In many parts of the world, people take naps (小睡) in the middle of the day. This is especially true in warmer climates (气候), where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon. Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general. In countries where naps are traditional (传统的), people often suffer less from problem such as heart disease.
Many working people unfortunately, have no time to take naps. Though doctors may advise taking naps, employers do not allow it! If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward. This can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not have enough time, try a short nap - even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful.
1. Why do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text?| A．They eat too much for lunch. | B．They sleep too little at night. |
| C．Their body temperature becomes lower. | D．The weather becomes a lot warmer. |
| A．About 12:30 pm. | B．About 1:30 pm. | C．About 2:30 pm. | D．About 3:30 pm. |
| A．Just for a Rest | B．All for a Nap |
| C．A Special Sleep Pattern. | D．Taking Naps in Warmer Climate. |
2 . In a recent announcement, Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide.
Beginning this fall, a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new $60 million program, known as edX. “Anyone with an Internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses,” Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announce the plan.
MIT has offered a program called OpenCourseWare for ten years that makes materials from more than 2,000 classes free online. It has been used by more than 100 million people. In December, the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate, known as MITx, for people who complete certain online courses. Harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through a similar program.
The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform.
MIT President Susan Hockfield said more than 120,000 people signed up for the first MITx course. She said Harvard and MIT hope other universities will join them in offering courses on the open-source edX platform.
“Fasten your seatbelts,” Hockfield said.
Other universities, including Stanford, Yale and Carnegie-Mellon, have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online.
The Harvard-MIT program will be monitored by a not-for-profit（非盈利的）organization based in Cambridge, to be owned equally by the two universities. Both MIT and Harvard have provided $30 million to start the program. They also plan to use the edX platform to research how students learn and which teaching methods and tools are most successful.
1. According to this text, edX is _______.| A．a part of the free MIT OpenCourseWare |
| B．a free computer program by MIT and Harvard |
| C．a Harvard-MIT platform of free online courses |
| D．a free program online for universities worldwide |
| A．Universities have been trying online courses. |
| B．About 2,000 online courses have been offered. |
| C．Over 100 million people have finished courses online. |
| D．Stanford and Yale together have courses similar to edX. |
| A．Get ready for the difficulties |
| B．Get ready for this educational change |
| C．Get prepared to complete the online courses |
| D．Get prepared to make materials for the edX courses |
| A．It is first offered as part of the edX learning program. |
| B．It is another free MIT-Harvard online learning program. |
| C．It is a standard to recognize online learners’ achievement. |
| D．It is a new kind of free online course of Harvard and MIT. |
3 . With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9:00 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pajama’s(睡衣). Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.
All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting systems, this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the “night owl” schedule of sleep.
This is opposed to the “early bird” schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as “night owls” and only 10 percent can be classified as “early birds” ------ the other 70 percent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls, this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.
1. What does the author stress in Paragraph 1?| A．Many students are absent from class. |
| B．Students are very tired on Monday mornings. |
| C．Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well. |
| D．Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays. |
| A．Most students prefer to get up late in the morning. |
| B．Students don’t sleep well because of alerting systems. |
| C．One’s body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently. |
| D．Adolescents’ delayed sleep/wake cycle isn’t the preferred pattern. |
| A．Criticized | B．Grouped | C．Organized | D．Named |
| A．Functions of the body clock. |
| B．The “night owl” phenomenon. |
| C．Human beings’ sleep behaviour. |
| D．The school schedule of “early birds”. |
4 . Sorry to say, our brains naturally start slowing down at the Cruelty young age of 30. It used to be thought that this couldn’t be helped, but new studies show that people of any age can train their brains to work faster. “Your brain is a learning machine,” saying University of California scientist Dr. Michael Merzenich. Given the right tools, we can train our brains to act like they did when we were younger. All that’s required is the practice designed just for the purpose: a few exercises for the mind.
Merzenich has developed a computer-based training method to speed up the process (过程) in which the brain deals with information (positscience.com). Since much of the data we receive comes through speech, the Brain Fitness Program works with language and hearing to better speed and accuracy (准确性).
Over the course of training, the program starts asking you to distinguish (辨别) sounds (between “dog” and “bog”, for example) at an increasingly faster speed. It’s a bit like tennis instructor, says Merzenich, hitting balls at you — faster and faster to keep you challenged (受到挑战).You may start out slow, but before long you’re pretty quick.
The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic. If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn. And it may even speed up while in the process.
To keep your brain young and plastic you can do one of a million new activities that challenge and excite you: playing table tennis or bridge, doing crossword puzzles, learning a language...“When it comes to preventing ageing, you really do ‘use it or lose it’,” says Barbara Sahakian, professor at Cambridge University.
1. Dr. Merzenich’s training method mainly depends on______.| A．speech training | B．computer languages |
| C．the activities one joins in | D．the information being dealt with |
| A．used | B．mastered | C．developed | D．researched |
| A．Practice makes a quick mind. |
| B．Brain research started ten years ago. |
| C．Dr. Merzenich is a scientist in computer. |
| D．People believed nothing could stop the brain slowing down. |
| A．The training methods work better for the old. |
| B．People should use the brain to stop it from ageing. |
| C．The training of the brain should start at an early age. |
| D．It’s necessary to take part in as many activities as possible. |
某中学生英文报近期开辟专栏，讨论学习习惯问题。请你结合自身学习实际，按以下提示，用英文为该专栏写一篇稿件。
1. 说明学习习惯与学习效果之间的关系；
2. 介绍一种好的学习习惯并提出养成该习惯的建议；
3. 描述自己在学习习惯方面存在的某个问题并给出改进措施。
注意：
1. 词数120左右，开头语已为你写好；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。
It's useful and necessary to discuss learning habits. ._________________________________
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阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36~55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It’s fourteen years since I left the Philippines to live with my family in the USA. A month ago, while on summer vacation back in my motherland, I learned a lesson from mosquito (蚊子) bites. Right before
Well, less than a week
Late one
From those bites, I came to
| A．leaving | B．passing | C．visiting | D．finding |
| A．persuaded | B．reminded | C．warned | D．informed |
| A．students | B．foreigners | C．passengers | D．visitors |
| A．earlier | B．longer | C．sooner | D．later |
| A．grows | B．goes | C．flows | D．remains |
| A．expecting | B．understanding | C．recognizing | D．believing |
| A．after | B．before | C．when | D．as |
| A．shade | B．pile | C．cloud | D．blanket |
| A．touched | B．bitten | C．defeated | D．discovered |
| A．morning | B．afternoon | C．evening | D．night |
| A．noise | B．hit | C．pain | D．effect |
| A．woke up | B．shouted at | C．looked for | D．dropped on |
| A．blamed | B．interrupted | C．moved | D．frightened |
| A．having | B．watching | C．making | D．helping |
| A．land | B．fly | C．fall | D．wait |
| A．houses | B．flats | C．rooms | D．homes |
| A．joyfully | B．anxiously | C．soundlessly | D．worriedly |
| A．tell | B．know | C．remember | D．accept |
| A．open | B．active | C．clear | D．honest |
| A．and | B．so | C．because | D．until |
When his heart problems led to operation,Jim went through it successfully,and a full recovery was expected.Within days,however,his heart was not beating properly.Jim was rushed back to operation,but nothing was found to explain the cause of his illness.He died on the operating table on the day before his 48th birthday.
Dr.Bruce Smoller,a psychologist(心理学家),had had many conversations with him,and the more he learned,the stranger he realized Jim’s case was.When Jim was a child,his father,a teacher,suffered a heart attack and stayed home to recover.One morning Jim asked his father to look over his homework,promising to come home from school at noon to pick it up.His father agreed,but when Jim returned his father had died.Jim’s father was 48.
“I think all his life Jim believed he killed his father,”Dr. Smoller says.“He felt that if he had not asked him to look at his homework,his father would have lived.Jim had been troubled by the idea.The operation was the trial(判决) he had expected for forty years.”Smoller believes that Jim willed himself not to live to the age of 48.
Jim’s case shows the powerful role that attitude(态度) plays in physical health,and that childhood experiences produce far-reaching effect on the health of grown-ups.Although most cases are less direct than Jim’s,studies show that childhood events,besides genes,may well cause such midlife diseases as cancer,heart disease and mental illness.
1. Jim was sent back to operation because______.
| A．his heart didn’t work well. |
| B．he expected a full recovery. |
| C．his life was drawing to a close. |
| D．the first one wasn’t well performed. |
| A．Jim died at a young age. |
| B．Jim died on the operating table. |
| C．Both Jim and his father died of the same disease. |
| D．Jim’s death is closely connected with his father’s. |
| A．Jim’s father cared little about his study. |
| B．Smoller agreed that Jim did kill his father. |
| C．Jim thought he would be punished some day. |
| D．Smoller believed Jim wouldn’t live to the age of 48. |
| a.One’s genes. b.One’s life in childhood. c.One’s physical education. d.The date of one’s birthday. e.The opinions one has about something. |
| A．a,b,d | B．a,b,e |
| C．a,c,e | D．b,c,d |
The movement was so fierce that several passengers felt
About twenty minutes into the adventure, the entire airplane became very
There was now a sense of anxiety and fear that could be
| A．mistake | B．delay | C．change | D．wind |
| A．forced | B．warned | C．swept | D．reminded |
| A．watching | B．visiting | C．circling | D．crossing |
| A．arrive | B．enter | C．stop | D．land |
| A．if | B．though | C．because | D．while |
| A．light | B．pale | C．easy | D．quick |
| A．sick | B．nervous | C．angry | D．afraid |
| A．empty | B．narrow | C．secret | D．open |
| A．happens | B．continues | C．fails | D．serves |
| A．quiet | B．hot | C．dirty | D．crowded |
| A．partly | B．gradually | C．shortly | D．clearly |
| A．pilot | B．baby | C．guard | D．man |
| A．seats | B．passengers | C．flight | D．airplane |
| A．realized | B．hoped | C．agreed | D．insisted |
| A．health | B．safety | C．joy | D．future |
| A．teachers | B．books | C．experience | D．practice |
| A．learning | B．taking | C．missing | D．enjoying |
| A．sat | B．lay | C．went | D．rode |
| A．nearly | B．finally | C．really | D．suddenly |
| A．attempted | B．managed | C．wanted | D．decided |
9 . I entered high school having read hundreds of books. But I was not a good reader. Merely bookish, I lacked a point of view when I read. Rather, I read in order to get a point of view. I searched books for good expressions and sayings, pieces of information, ideas, themes—anything to enrich my thought and make me feel educated. When one of my teachers suggested to his sleepy tenth-grade English class that a person could not have a “complicated (复杂的) idea” until he had read at least two thousand books, I heard the words without recognizing either its irony (嘲讽) or its very complicated truth. I merely determined to make a list of all the books I had ever read. Strict with myself, I included only once a title I might have read several times. (How, after all, could one read a book more than once?) And I included only those books over a hundred pages in length. (Could anything shorter be a book?)
There was yet another high school list I made. One day I came across a newspaper article about an English professor at a nearby state college. The article had a list of the “hundred most important books of Western Civilization.” “More than anything else in my life,” the professor told the reporter with finality, “these books have made me all that I am.” That was the kind of words I couldn’t ignore (忽视). I kept the list for the several months it took me to read all of the titles. Most books, of course, I hardly understood. While reading Plato’s The Republic, for example, I needed to keep looking at the introduction of the book to remind myself what the text was about. However, with the special patience and superstition (迷信) of a schoolboy, I looked at every word of the text. And by me time I reached the last word, pleased, I persuaded myself that I had read The Republic, and seriously crossed Plato off my list.
1. On hearing the teacher’s suggestion of reading, the writer thought______.| A．one must read as many books as possible |
| B．a student should not have a complicated idea |
| C．it was impossible for one to read two thousand books |
| D．students ought to make a list of the books they had read |
| A．had plans for reading |
| B．learned to educate himself |
| C．only read books over 100 pages |
| D．read only one book several times |
| A．firmly | B．clearly |
| C．proudly | D．pleasantly |
| A．explain why it was included in the list |
| B．describe why he seriously crossed it off the list |
| C．show that he read the books blindly though they were hard to understand |
| D．prove that he understood most of it because he had looked at every word |
| A．show how he developed his point of view |
| B．tell his reading experience at high school |
| C．introduce the two persons’ reading methods |
| D．explain that he read many books at high school |
10 . I believe that my country, Poland, is a perfect example for a place where food is particularly important. When we were little children, we began to understand how much a loaf of bread meant to our parents—to some it might sound silly but for me the custom of kissing bread before you started cutting it was simply amazing. It’s not so common nowadays to treat food that way, since you hardly ever bake your own bread. Besides, everyone would call you crazy if you tried to kiss every bread roll before you ate them!But though we no longer make our food from scratch (起点), some customs have been kept—that’s why I feel so sorry every time I have to throw any food away—even though I no longer live with my parents and nobody would blame me for this anymore!
Many people of our nation are still working as farmers, eating what they grow and harvest and therefore enjoying everything more. It’s widely known that you value more anything that needs your effort in the first place. In most homes in Poland, especially those of farmers, the whole family would try and have their meals together—extremely difficult now, but so rewarding (值得)! You can share other members’ troubles and successes, give your children some attention, or just sit down for a moment instead of rushing through life aimlessly. Furthermore, your body, and stomach in particular will be very grateful (感激) for such a time!
In Poland, a wedding, Christmas or even a birthday is celebrated with a great meal. Women in the house get together and cook, sometimes for a few days before the event, and the extremely good or unusual food will be remembered and widely talked about.
You cannot over-value the importance of food in the country. What’s more, almost everyone in Poland will be as interested in the topic as I am.
1. When the writer was a child, he/she______.| A．found people were crazy about bread |
| B．began to realize the importance of food |
| C．thought that cutting bread was amazing |
| D．learned people hardly baked their own bread |
| A．he/she makes food from scratch |
| B．his/her parents would blame him/her |
| C．some customs still have effect on him/her |
| D．many people are still working hard as farmers |
| A．most meals can be interesting topics for a long time |
| B．the whole family often have meals together nowadays |
| C．it’s common for women to get together to cook for a few days |
| D．family members can know more about each other by having meals together |
