1 . Small amounts of exercise could have a great effect on happiness.
According to a new review of research about good moods and physical activities, people who work out even once a week or for as little as 10 minutes a day tend to be more cheerful than those who never exercise. And any type of exercise may be helpful.
A number of past studies have noted that physically active people have much lower risks of developing depression and anxiety than people who rarely move.
Fewer past studies explored links between physical activity and upbeat emotions, especially in people who already were psychologically healthy, and those studies often looked at a single age group or type of exercise.
So for the new review, the Michigan researchers found, exercise was strongly linked to happiness. The type of exercise did not seem to matter. Some happy people walked or jogged. Others practiced yoga-style posing and stretching. And the amount of exercise needed to influence happiness was slight. In several studies, people who worked out only once or twice a week said they felt much happier than those who never exercised. In other studies, 10 minutes a day of physical activity was linked with happy moods.
But because most of the studies in this review were observational, it is not possible yet to establish whether exercise directly causes changes in happiness or if the two just happen to occur together often. In that case, exercise would not have helped to make people happy; rather, their happiness would have helped to make them exercisers
1. Who is the least happy, according to the passage?| A．People who work out once a week. |
| B．People who only run for ten minutes a day. |
| C．People who never exercise. |
| D．People who practice yoga-style posing. |
| A．The links between physical activities and happy emotion. |
| B．The relationship between exercise and depression. |
| C．Exercise can cause anxiety. |
| D．Exercise can never affect our moods. |
| A．Jogging. |
| B．Yoga. |
| C．Walking. |
| D．Any exercise. |
| A．Study whether exercise directly changes happiness. |
| B．Show the reasons for happiness. |
| C．Tell people how to exercise. |
| D．Recommend some forms of exercise. |
Babe Didrikson Zaharias was one of the most extraordinary athletes of all time. She achieved particular success in basketball, track and field, and golf. She also competed in baseball, boxing, diving and many other sports. In 1950, the Associated Press declared Babe Zaharias to be the “Woman Athlete of the Half-Century”.
From a young age, her goal was to be “the greatest athlete to ever live”. As a teenager, she acquired the nickname “Babe” in reference to Babe Ruth, a professional baseball player. She never passed up a chance to play ball. One day, when she was a little girl, her mother sent her to the grocery store to buy some beef for dinner. On the way home, Babe spotted some boys playing baseball. She dropped her purchases and joined the game. An hour later, her angry mother showed up, looking for the groceries. Babe pointed to where she’d left it. A dog was happily enjoying the last piece.
Zaharias gained fame at the 1932 Olympic Games. She won gold medals in the javelin (标枪) throw and the 80-metre hurdles (跨栏), but she was deprived of a third gold medal in the high jump because she had used the unorthodox (不正规的) Western roll to achieve the highest jump. Her Olympic success brought her national attention.
In 1932, Zaharias began playing golf and was soon winning important championships in the sport. In 1950, Zaharias helped found the Ladies Professional Golf Association, and she became the LPGA’s star competitor. Not only did she attract interest in the women’s game, she revolutionized the sport and was known for her powerful drives.
Zaharias died of cancer in 1956, at the age of 45.
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3 . When Muhammad Ali was 12 years old, someone stole his bicycle. It was a shiny new bike. Ali was very
During the next 25 years, Ali had a burning
Young Ali quickly made his mark in the
In 1974, Ali
Ali
| A．amused | B．cruel | C．angry | D．memorable |
| A．flame | B．waist | C．cheek | D．fists |
| A．trapped | B．motivated | C．accused | D．demonstrated |
| A．ambition | B．relay | C．dignity | D．session |
| A．rank | B．medal | C．chart | D．motto |
| A．specific | B．regular | C．different | D．previous |
| A．Unintentionally | B．Critically | C．Initially | D．Gradually |
| A．running | B．jogging | C．boxing | D．bowling |
| A．amateur | B．volunteer | C．thief | D．salesman |
| A．called on | B．got across | C．met with | D．knocked out |
| A．proceed | B．earn | C．complain | D．lose |
| A．won | B．lost | C．refused | D．fit |
| A．injuring | B．biting | C．removing | D．defeating |
| A．game | B．battle | C．membership | D．sportsmanship |
| A．tough | B．unstable | C．amazing | D．informal |
| A．updated | B．organized | C．occupied | D．defended |
| A．walked on air | B．threw a curveball | C．threw in the towel | D．moved the goalposts |
| A．master | B．chairman | C．opponent | D．fellow |
| A．competed | B．retired | C．applauded | D．remarked |
| A．awarded | B．agreed | C．arrested | D．insured |
4 . The Beatles were a British rock group, led by the song writing team of John Lennon and Paul McCartney. They had a profound (深远的的) effect on the course of popular culture in the1960s, Their innovation (创新) led to revolution in pop music, fashion, and youth culture.
The group came together in Liverpool, England in the late 1950s, and soon found an enthusiastic audience. Then, in Hamburg, Germany, they developed their own song writing style.
In 1962, Ringo Starr joined the Beatles on the drums. They released Please, Please, Me, the first of many number one hits. In 1964. this phenomenon crossed the Atlantic. The Beatles appeared on a popular TV show in the US, and at first only young men watched their performances.
They recorded a variety of different styles of songs, from the simple Yellow Submarine to songs expressing political ideas. In their songs, their political activism and social ideas were reflected. It is said that the US government once sought to have Lennon deported(驱逐出境).
The Beatles made pioneering use of the modern recording studio, and released an album that is considered their best. After this album, however, the members pursued separate interests, and ended in breaking up. The group dissolved (解散) in 1971. John Lennon was murdered by a fan on the street in 1980. Fans around the world mourned his loss.
1. The Beatles had a great effect on the _________ of popular culture in the 1960s.| A．development | B．subject | C．matter | D．idea |
| A．found their sponsor | B．was set up | C．was found | D．was not noticed |
| A．became a hit | B．was enjoyed by both sexes |
| C．appeared | D．began to appear on the stage |
| A．the sadness in their hearts | B．complaints about society |
| C．their happiness | D．their social ideas |
5 . People usually communicate by speaking or writing. However, some occupations rely on hand gestures to communicate.
Railway workers on the
Soldiers in battle often cannot hear each other. It has been
In classical concerts, musicians such as pianists and violinists
| A．station | B．way | C．earth | D．ground |
| A．To do | B．Doing | C．For doing | D．Do |
| A．signal | B．mean | C．point | D．note |
| A．on | B．above | C．along | D．to |
| A．suggested | B．repeated | C．reused | D．remarked |
| A．way | B．device | C．system | D．organization |
| A．to | B．in | C．into | D．from |
| A．do | B．follow | C．operate | D．flow |
| A．moving | B．showing | C．removing | D．waving |
| A．do | B．work | C．play | D．make |
6 . If you try to explain to someone, without using pictures, how to build the building that you have designed, it would take an enormous amount of writing and might end up with a very funny-looking building. The architect uses pictures called details to show how many hundreds of parts go together to form a complete building. This type of drawing is called drafting and is done by people called draftsmen.
Draftsmen make up the largest group of the architectural offices’ work force. Because of the wide range of duties they perform, draftsmen are sometimes called architectural technicians. In a typical office, there are not only career draftsmen but also architectural graduates working as junior draftsmen to learn the trade. Career draftsmen are usually graduates from a two-year junior college called technical school. There was a time when architectural office used young people right out of high school as tracers. Their job was to trace over the other people’s details while learning to be a draftsman. This is no longer possible with the fast-pace of architects’ offices today although a junior draftsman is given guides by the more experienced employees.
So a good comprehensive architectural drafting course is a must before anyone seeks a job with an architectural firm. The job of the draftsmen is to translate the ideas and directions of architects, designers and engineers into complete and accurate working drawings. These become the plans and details used in the actual construction of a building. The project must be shown in great detail and drawn very clearly, so there is no chance for misunderstanding by the contractors(承包商). Every line and figure has an effect on the finished product.
As you can see, the draftsman is a key member of the architectural team. Of course, a junior draftsman is not expected to produce a complete set of working drawings. Depending on the size of the office and difficulty of the project, draftsmen may work in groups. The group leader coordinates the group and works closely with the project architect while the drawings are being produced.
Working conditions are mostly very pleasant as draftsmen’s work is intense and many people depend on accurate work. Each draftsman has a large combination drawing board and desk with various drawing aids. Almost without exception, members of the architectural team have at one time in their careers worked as draftsmen. This is essential to an architect education and most architects never get very far away from the drafting board.
1. According to the passage, career draftsmen are usually ______.| A．experienced architects | B．architectural designers |
| C．high school graduates | D．graduates of technical schools |
| A．the architect’s rough drawings and directions |
| B．the ideas and directions for the project |
| C．the plans and details for the actual construction |
| D．the designer’s handbooks, tables and building codes |
| A．They all work in groups with a project architect. |
| B．They are the main members of the architectural team. |
| C．They provide labor and building materials. |
| D．They give guides to inexperienced architects. |
| A．An architect education. | B．The spirit of team work. |
| C．Accuracy in the drawings. | D．Advanced drawing aids. |
7 . “Come in, Kim. Have a seat, please.” said Bill Williams, the manager. This was Kim’s first experience with an assessment. After only six months he was due for a raise if this assessment (测评) was satisfactory.
“Kim.” began Bill Williams. “I am very pleased with the quality of your work. I have nothing but praise for your devotion and your hard work. My only concern is that you are not active enough in putting forward your suggestions.”
“But,” replied Kim. “I have always completed every assignment you have given me. Mr. Williams.” “I know that, Kim. And please, call me Bill. But what I expect is for you to think independently and introduce new ideas. I need more input from you—more feedback on how things are going I don’t need a “yes man”. You never tell me what you think. You just smile as though everything is find.”
“But,” said Kim. “I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”
“I’m not asking you to tell me what to do, but what you think we could do. To make suggestions. I employed you because I respect your experience in this field, but you are not communicating your thoughts to me.”
“Yes, I see. I’m not accustomed to this, but I will try to do as you say…, Bill”
“Good, then, I expect to hear more from you at staff meetings or at any other time you want to discuss an idea with me.”
“Yes, of course. Thank you, Mr. Will… Bill.”
1. Kim is the sort of employee who _______.| A．does not speak out his own ideas | B．is not devoted to the job |
| C．laughs too much over work | D．can not finish his work on time |
| A．full of respect | B．too confident and rude |
| C．lacking in experience | D．too shy and quiet |
| A．Kim has been invited to take charge of the staff meetings. |
| B．the manager appreciates those who just do what be tells them to do |
| C．the manager is pleased with Kim’s hard work and his suggestions |
| D．Kim is likely to have a higher salary if he can pass the assessment. |
8 . Uncle Jeremiah sighed. He wondered if he had made the right decision in agreeing to looking after Ant and Cleo over the school holidays while their parents went to London to catch a month-long festival of Shakespeare plays.
Ant and Cleo were having a waste of time staying with their research scientist uncle. They easily bullied (欺负) him into letting them stay up to watch the late-night creature features. It was fun, they said, being scared socked by vampires (吸血鬼), wolfmen and other not-to-nice people. They could handle the late nights; what they couldn’t were the nightmares (梦魇). Watching such fearsome movies as the Curse of the Yeti, the Dread of Dracula (雪人), Fangs of the Wolfman and More Dread of Dracula had resulted in the most terrifying nightmares imaginable.
Once Cleo dreamed she at a dico wearing a fur coat which turned into a yeti that totally ruined her evening by eating her boyfriend. Ant had a frightful dream about being a wolfman, going all hairy and getting locked in the dog house where he was bullied by a brainsick huge dog. And the nightmare that caused Cleo to wake up in a cold sweat was all about a pale, toothy plumber (水暖工)who kept trying to fit a tap to her neck.
Uncle Jeremiah sighed again. He trailed back to bed and buried his head under the pillow. Ant and Cleo settled down to watch The Great, Great Nephew of Frankestein.
1. The children were staying with Uncle Jeremiah_________.| A．overnight | B．at weekends | C．several weeks | D．permanently |
| A．play with Uncle Jeremiah | B．watch horror movies |
| C．watch creatures outside the window | D．meet not-so-nice people |
| A．amused | B．upset | C．scared | D．surprised |
| A．Aggressive. | B．Responsible. | C．Critical. | D．Helpless. |
9 . All over the world, people admire the beauty and grace of butterflies. Butterflies come in every color imaginable, and their
Estimates indicate that between 15 and 20 thousand species of butterflies exist around the world. A number of these species are endangered, over 20 in Japan
In recent years, environmental groups have made significant progress in
Finding a cure for the butterfly crisis is,
| A．colors | B．bodies | C．wings | D．feelers |
| A．out of control | B．in great danger | C．on the fly | D．out of date |
| A．nearby | B．though | C．besides | D．alone |
| A．predictable | B．possible | C．imaginable | D．terrible |
| A．factor | B．picture | C．measure | D．display |
| A．exposed | B．accustomed | C．sensitive | D．resistant |
| A．highlights | B．changes | C．replaces | D．finds |
| A．preserving | B．controlling | C．observing | D．recognizing |
| A．projects | B．efforts | C．steps | D．groups |
| A．set an example | B．keep the promise | C．make a difference | D．take the time |
| A．however | B．furthermore | C．otherwise | D．therefore |
| A．Distinguished | B．Leading | C．Senior | D．Ordinary |
| A．graceful | B．significant | C．pitiful | D．mysterious |
| A．proposed | B．commented | C．promised | D．recommended |
| A．restricted | B．adapted | C．contributed | D．recommended |
10 . Many instructors believe that an informal, relaxing classroom environment is good for learning and innovation. It is not uncommon for students to have easygoing and friendly relationships with their professors. The casual professor is not necessarily a poor one and is still respected by students. Although students may be in a subordinate (从属的) position, some professors treat them as equals. However, no matter how equal professors would like to be, they still are in a position of authority.
Professors may establish social relationships with students outside of the classroom, but in the classroom they maintain the instructor’s role. A professor may have coffee one day with students but the next day expect them to meet a deadline for the submission (提交) of a paper or to be prepared for a discussion or an exam. The professor may give extra attention outside of class to a student in need of help but probably will not treat him or her differently when it comes to evaluating school work. Professors have several roles in relation to students; they may be counselors and friends as well as teachers. Students must realize that when a teacher’s role changes, they must appropriately adapt their behaviour and attitudes.
1. Generally speaking, relationships between students and their professors are ________.| A．common | B．friendly | C．poor | D．equal |
| A．In the classroom, professors should be in a position of authority. |
| B．Professors can set up good social relationships with students outside classroom. |
| C．Professors may treat their students differently in evaluating school work. |
| D．If a student has good relationship with a professor, he will still have to take an exam. |
| A．he is in need of help |
| B．the professor invites him to have coffee together |
| C．the professor gives him extra attention |
| D．the professor changes his role |
| A．the teacher-student relationship | B．students’ positions |
| C．professors’ authority | D．changing relationship |
