1 . Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.
But while it’s long been believed that endorphins (内啡肽) —chemicals in the body that cause happiness—are behind the so-called “runner’s high”, a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.
According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.
To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice. Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise. After exercising on running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety. But after being given a drug to block their endorphins, the mice’s behavior didn’t seem to change. However, when their endocannabinoids were blocked with a different drug, their runners’ high symptoms seemed to fade.
“The long-held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner’s high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out,” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on science blog Lifchacker.
Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but it’s already known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety. The UK’s National Health Service even prescribes (开药 方) exercise to patients who are suffering from depression. “Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy, which might put you off being more active. Regular exercise can improve your mood if you have depression, and its especially useful for people with mild to moderate (中等的) depression,” it wrote on its website.
It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if we don’t fully understand where it comes from. At least if we’re feeling down, we know that all we have to do is to put on our running shoes.
1. What did scientists from German universities recently discover?A.Working out is a highly effective way to treat depression. |
B.The runner’s high could be caused by endocannabinoids. |
C.Endorphins may contribute to one’s high spirits after running. |
D.The level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect one’s mood. |
A.To find what reduces the runner’s high symptoms. |
B.To see the specific symptoms of the runner’s high. |
C.To identify what is responsible for the runner’s high. |
D.To test what influences the level of endocannabinoids released. |
A.Effect. | B.Goal. | C.Opinion. | D.Question |
A.They can help ease depression symptoms. |
B.They are the best way to treat depression. |
C.They only work for those with serious depression. |
D.They can help people completely recover from depression. |
2 . I believe even the smartest people have to work hard to achieve success. People make themselves into winners by their own
Many years ago, I took the head
I started doing anything I could to help them build a little
Six months after our defeat, we won our first game and our second, and continued to
A.tests | B.luck | C.efforts | D.nature |
A.operating | B.editing | C.consulting | D.coaching |
A.new | B.excellent | C.strong | D.successful |
A.cheer for | B.prepare for | C.help with | D.finish with |
A.realize | B.claim | C.permit | D.demand |
A.decision | B.attitude | C.conclusion | D.intention |
A.pride | B.culture | C.fortune | D.relationship |
A.leaders | B.partners | C.winners | D.learners |
A.risked | B.missed | C.considered | D.practiced |
A.expand | B.improve | C.relax | D.defend |
A.shame | B.burden | C.victory | D.favor |
A.chance | B.joy | C.concern | D.offer |
A.surprise | B.relate | C.interest | D.affect |
A.encouraged | B.observed | C.protected | D.impressed |
A.naturally | B.individually | C.calmly | D.differently |
3 . Have you ever seen a teenager or an adult riding a small bike? Perhaps it had posts sticking out from both sides of the wheels.
BMX(自行车越野) bikes have a lightweight frame and smaller wheels than other bikes.
A.where did the thrilling sport start? |
B.BMX racing is the original form of BMX. |
C.They are designed to be fast and user - friendly. |
D.It is more than a sport with multiple disciplines. |
E.Today BMX is known as a sport for the risk-takers. |
F.What you saw was likely not a children's bike, but a BMX bike! |
G.Riders of this style of BMX use posts sticking out of their bike wheels. |
注意:1.词数100左右。
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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5 . It’s cold and dark outside, and your bed is so warm and comfortable. Going for a run seems like such a bad idea. But before you hide your running shoes, it might be worth giving that crazy idea a go.
According to The Huffington Post, an outdoor run in winter, as opposed to one on a treadmill (跑步机), burns more calories because the body is working hard to regulate (调节) its core temperature. Furthermore, research shows that race times are faster in cold weather than in warmer temperatures—and quicker runs burn more calories. Similarly, cold weather also makes the heart work harder to distribute blood through the body, making that vital muscle even stronger.
Outdoor exercise also turns up your energy and rids you of the stress and depression that build up every day. The heat and humidity in the summer can drag you down and tire you faster, but cold weather is refreshing. It adjusts you to your surroundings, making you feel alive.
Of course, the threat of smog in some built-up areas is a further hurdle to winter exercise. Heart attacks, stroke, lung cancer and asthma are all dangers of running in smog. The combination of air pollution and exercise increases the potential problems. If you do choose to run outside on smoggy days, take a path in a park or residential area to avoid car exhaust (尾气), and go early in the morning, before rush hour. But staying inside on smoggy days and waiting for the next clear day to run is best.
1. How does cold weather benefit runners, compared with warm weather?A.They can run more slowly. |
B.They can take in more calories. |
C.Their hearts can function harder. |
D.Their body temperature can get lower. |
A.It builds up their energy quickly. | B.It makes runners tired easily. |
C.It lessens runners’ stress. | D.It causes heart attack. |
A.Stop driving cars. | B.Do more exercise. |
C.Avoid outdoor exercise. | D.Run late in the morning. |
A.Refresh with a Winter Run | B.Take Outdoor Exercise in Summer |
C.Go to Run in a Park | D.Follow the Tips to Reduce Stress |