1 . Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.

But while it’s long been believed that endorphins (内啡肽) —chemicals in the body that cause happiness—are behind the so-called “runner’s high”, a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.

According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.

To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice. Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise. After exercising on running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety. But after being given a drug to block their endorphins, the mice’s behavior didn’t seem to change. However, when their endocannabinoids were blocked with a different drug, their runners’ high symptoms seemed to fade.

“The long-held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner’s high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out,” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on science blog Lifchacker.

Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but it’s already known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety. The UK’s National Health Service even prescribes (开药 方) exercise to patients who are suffering from depression. “Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy, which might put you off being more active. Regular exercise can improve your mood if you have depression, and its especially useful for people with mild to moderate (中等的) depression,” it wrote on its website.

It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if we don’t fully understand where it comes from. At least if we’re feeling down, we know that all we have to do is to put on our running shoes.

1. What did scientists from German universities recently discover?

A．Working out is a highly effective way to treat depression.

B．The runner’s high could be caused by endocannabinoids.

C．Endorphins may contribute to one’s high spirits after running.

D．The level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect one’s mood.

2. Why did the scientists give mice drugs in their experiment?

A．To find what reduces the runner’s high symptoms.

B．To see the specific symptoms of the runner’s high.

C．To identify what is responsible for the runner’s high.

D．To test what influences the level of endocannabinoids released.

3. What does the underlined word “notion” mean?

A．Effect.

B．Goal.

C．Opinion.

D．Question

4. What can we know about regular workouts according to the UK’s National Health Service?

A．They can help ease depression symptoms.

B．They are the best way to treat depression.

C．They only work for those with serious depression.

D．They can help people completely recover from depression.

3 . Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.

Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.

Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.

However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.

As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.

1. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?

A．They must run long distances.

B．They are qualified for the marathon.

C．They have to follow special rules.

D．They are good at swinging their legs.

2. What advantage does race walking have over running?

A．It’s more popular at the Olympics.

B．It’s less challenging physically.

C．It’s more effective in body building.

D．It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.

3. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?

A．Getting experts’ opinions.

B．Having a medical checkup.

C．Hiring an experienced coach.

D．Doing regular exercises.

4. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?

A．Skeptical.	B．Objective.
C．Tolerant.	D．Conservative.

4 . The annual marathon in my town usually occurs during a heat wave. My job was to _________ behind the runners in an ambulance in case any of them needed medical attention.

As the athletes began to _________themselves, the _________ runners started to disappear. It was then that my eyes were _________ the woman in blue silk running shorts and a baggy white T-shirt. Her feet were turned in, yet her left _________ was turned out. Her legs were so disabled that it seemed _________ for her to be able to walk, let alone run a marathon.

I watched in _________ as she slowly moved forward. I didn’t say a word. As I watched her _________ to put one foot in front of the other, I found myself breathing for her and _________ her forward.

__________, she was the only runner left in sight. Tears __________down my face as I sat on the edge of my__________and watched as she pushed forward with __________ determination through the last miles. When the __________ line came into sight, trash lay everywhere and the cheering __________ had long gone home.

I do not know this woman’s __________, but that day she became a part of my life---- a part I often depend on. For her, it wasn’t about __________ the other runners or winning the prize, it was about finishing what she had __________ to do, no matter what. When I think things are too __________ or too time-consuming, I think of the last runner. Then, I __________ how easy the task before me really is.

1.

A．follow

B．run

C．walk

D．drive

2.

A．march

B．wander

C．pace

D．walk

3.

A．last

B．front

C．back

D．disabled

4.

A．occurred to

B．held to

C．drawn to

D．taken to

5.

A．eye

B．knee

C．hand

D．arm

6.

A．likely

B．probable

C．impossible

D．unfair

7.

A．silence

B．practice

C．theory

D．public

8.

A．manage

B．struggle

C．mean

D．tend

9.

A．urging

B．shouting

C．discouraging

D．pushing

10.

A．Immediately

B．Instantly

C．Firstly

D．Finally

11.

A．flood

B．pour

C．put

D．stream

12.

A．seat

B．desk

C．stand

D．stadium

13.

A．weak

B．firm

C．tender

D．fixed

14.

A．finish

B．bottom

C．starting

D．dead

15.

A．runners

B．judges

C．coaches

D．crowds

16.

A．age

B．height

C．name

D．hobby

17.

A．defending

B．beating

C．winning

D．awarding

18.

A．set in

B．set off

C．set out

D．set about

19.

A．different

B．simple

C．painless

D．difficult

20.

A．realize

B．occur

C．imagine

D．reflect

5 . A snowstorm hit my neighborhood the other day. I had recently agreed to be the house’s groundskeeper, which meant I got ______ with shoveling(铲) the inches of snow that covered the driveway.

I had stayed in the house during the ______ , so I was actually pretty happy to head ______ . I shoveled for an hour or so, and I felt muscles in my arms and legs that I had ______ used start to burn. By the time I finished shoveling, I was getting the   ______ I normally get from biking. To be honest, I was pretty ______ to stop.

A few days later, some friends and I got into a ______ about how hard it is to exercise. Going to gyms is becoming the most annoying ______ ever. Not exercising has an effect on our health. Less than 5% of adults are physically ______ for half an hour a day. Not exercising enough can ______ diseases like heart diseases, cancer, obesity and depression.

And yet shoveling snow was that ______. It didn’t take too much ______ because I wasn’t shoveling for exercise, but to ______ the driveway. People pay much money for gym memberships and classes to ______ extra fat. So why not ______ paying the fitness industry to exercise and help with each other with such kind of ______ ? Surely they’re better off ______ that money and putting the energy to practical use.

A neighborhood could have a Facebook group where people could ______ things they needed help with. Then, people who wanted to exercise could ______ . Win-win. Instead of making it about helping people, it can be framed as a new fitness ______ .

1.

A．charged

B．filled

C．tasked

D．crowded

2.

A．festival

B．disaster

C．rush

D．storm

3.

A．outside

B．inside

C．forward

D．backward

4.

A．usually

B．directly

C．really

D．rarely

5.

A．challenge

B．exercise

C．threat

D．power

6.

A．lucky

B．angry

C．happy

D．sorry

7.

A．party

B．meeting

C．discussion

D．fight

8.

A．homework

B．routine

C．solution

D．business

9.

A．strong

B．healthy

C．active

D．sleepy

10.

A．bring about

B．set off

C．take down

D．live through

11.

A．difficult

B．easy

C．valuable

D．perfect

12.

A．determination

B．intelligence

C．reputation

D．confidence

13.

A．design

B．clear

C．build

D．wash

14.

A．put on

B．pass down

C．pick up

D．burn off

15.

A．enjoy

B．miss

C．stop

D．escape

16.

A．reality

B．labor

C．dream

D．faith

17.

A．saving

B．collecting

C．donating

D．achieving

18.

A．seek

B．imagine

C．post

D．examine

19.

A．help out

B．show off

C．turn around

D．run away

20.

A．lesson

B．skill

C．map

D．style

6 . If you like dangerous and exciting sports, maybe skydiving (跳伞) is for you. First skydivers jump from an airplane.     1     Sometimes, skydivers do gymnastics in the air—for example, they might hold their knees close to their bodies and turn upside down. Finally, skydivers pull a cord (绳索) and a parachute (降落伞) opens.     2     Skydivers usually wear hard helmets to protect their heads. Sometimes, skydivers are on a team in a competition such as the Olympics. The team works together and does movements in the air.     3     The team with the most points wins.

It’s difficult to see what skydivers do when you’re standing on the ground. Often, people fly in airplanes to make a tape of the skydivers.     4    

If skydiving doesn’t sound fun to you, there are plenty of other sports.     5     Surfers stand out in the middle of the ocean on a long, flat board. Surfers don’t have to worry about jumping out airplanes, of course---but don’t forget about the shark!

A．You can always try surfing.

B．Then, skydivers fall quickly toward the ground.

C．It is the best choice for you to skydive or try surfing.

D．With a video camera, the operator records their performances.

E．It is not easy to jump out of the airplane when you are in the plane.

F．Judges watch the skydivers and give them points for doing amazing things.

G．The parachute helps slow the skydiver so he or she lands on the ground safe.

7 . E-Sports,short for electronic sports,is one of the growing industries in the world,with prizes totaling around $25 million up for grabs in some tournaments. E-Sports are professional multiplayer video game competitions. Any video game with a strong competitive element is considered e-Sports.The competition models itself after traditional professional sports in several ways: it uses corresponding tournament formats,involves player contracts, and is governed by regulations. The athletes who compete in e-Sports competitions are gamers．

The history of e-Sports dates back to 1972 when some Stanford University students competed in the Intergalactic Space War Olympics for the opportunity to win a one-year subscription to the Rolling Stone Magazine. E-Sports pretty much continued on the rather quiet path until the 80s when competitions like the Space Invaders Championship shot them to the spotlight. 2002 marked the beginning of a new era for the sport and laid the foundation for what e-Sports would become thanks to the release of the Xbox live, which brought online play to consoles. Halo Ⅱ became the first game to be shown on national television for Major League Gaming in 2004, paving the way for e-Sports to become a global phenomenon.

Today, e-Sports are growing at a rapid pace thanks to advance in technology and the arrival   of streaming services like Twitch which have exposed video game competitions to a new audience due to their extensive reach.

To understand how much impact Twitch has made, data from gaming analyst group Newzoo show that e-Sports global audience increased 43 percent from 204 million to 292 million between 2014 and 2016. Interestingly, this coincides (一致) with Amazon's acquisition of Twitch in 2014 and its effort to make the competition a spectator sport.

1. What do we know about e-Sports?

A．They are strongly competitive.

B．They spread worldwide overnight.

C．They totally differ from traditional ones.

D．The athletes in the sports are programmers.

2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?

A．The origin of e-Sports.

B．The variety of e-Sports.

C．The advantages of e-Sports.

D．The development of e-Sports.

3. How does the author feel about e-Sport's future?

A．Doubtful.	B．Uncertain.
C．Hopeful.	D．Worried.

4. What is the purpose of quoting data in the last paragraph?

A．To introduce Newzoo.	B．To conduct a research.
C．To show the influence of Twitch.	D．To arouse the audience's interest.

8 . How often do you exercise? A new study found that most kids aged 12 to 15 weren't getting enough physical activity. The results were based on about 800 kids. As part of the study, the kids tracked and reported on their own activity levels, and took physical exams.

U. S. fitness guidelines suggest an hour or more of physical activity every day. According to the study, only 1in 4 U.S. kids get enough physical activity.

"It's certainly worrying to see that our kids have such a limited amount of physical activity each day,” said Dr. Stephen Pont. He is an expert on children's health.

Few kids in the study met the guidelines on physical activity that raises the heart rate and makes people breathe harder. Overall, about 25% said they got an hour of that kind of exercise every day. Kids also reported on which activities they did most often outside of school gym class--basketball for boys and running for girls.

The study found that fat teenagers were less active than normal-weight girls and boys. Fat girls were slightly less active than normal-weight girls, but levels were similar among overweight and normal-weight boys. The study also said that the percent of fat children aged 2 to 19 was 17%, or about 12.5 million kids.

"There's always room for improvement," said Tala Fakhouri, who was the leader of the study. She also said the results provide useful information to help with fitness campaigns such as Let's Move, which was initiated by Michelle Obama in 2010. To inspire kids to eat right and get in shape, Michelle visits schools and holds exercise events. She also calls on schools to offer regular gym classes.

The study also found kids who get physical education at school may get better grades.

1. What is the result of the new study?

A．800 kids don't get enough physical activity.

B．Most U.S. kids don't get enough exercise.

C．Kids should get physical activity every day.

D．It's important to take physical exams.

2. Which of the following sports do girls like best?

A．Swimming.

B．Basketball.

C．Running.

D．Gym.

3. What's the purpose of the campaign Let's Move?

A．To help kids to keep fit.	B．To provide useful information.
C．To offer regular gym classes.	D．To hold exercise events.

4. According to the study children with enough exercise may__________.

A．be less active than fat children	B．be more willing to help others
C．do better in their studies	D．try their best to get in shape

9 . For the first time in 10 years, the United States government has changed its guidance on how much exercise people need to stay healthy and when they should start.

For children and teens

The new guidance states that the most important time for children to begin exercising is between the ages of 3 and 5.     1     That could be light activities, moderate activities, or even vigorous(剧烈的)activities.

Doctors say it is important to start young.They add that from birth to age 5, a child’s brain develops more than at any other time in life.     2     Also, children who start exercising at a young age are more likely to establish healthy behaviors they will continue into adulthood.

But that does not mean putting a small kid on a treadmill(跑步机)or other exercise equipment.     3       After all, it's a kid’s nature to play freely and happily.

    4     But it shouldn’t be less than one hour a day three times a week.Their activities should mostly be aerobic(有氧的)exercise, such as biking, swimming or running, which can strengthen the heart and lungs.Such exercise should also include muscle-and-bone-strengthening activities；such as climbing trees or playground equipment and playing sports.

For adults

For adults, the guidelines recommend exercising 150 minutes a week. That could be walking, gardening, dancing, etc.    5     Experts say that even short amounts of aerobic exercise can provide health benefits, such as lowering blood pressure, reducing anxiety and improving sleep.

A．Any kind of activity that gets people exercising will do.

B．Aerobic activity works only if it lasts for at least 10 minutes.

C．Simply giving a kid the time and space to play actively is enough.

D．Children above 5 can have a relatively shorter time for daily exercise.

E．Children in this age range require about three hours’ active activities daily.

F．Attaining the health benefits from exercise may be harder than earlier thought.

G．These developments have a 1asting effect on a child’s ability to succeed in life.

10 . Davina McNaney on Friday will begin a journey that will bring her home to Wayne County.A breast cancer ____，McNaney，42，will run 466 miles from Michigan to New York in the next few weeks in an ____ to raise funds and awareness for breast cancer research.

“I’m just a regular person.”she said.“I just want to do ____ to help others and set a strong ____ for my girls.”The mother ____ two and University of Rochester graduate chose to ____.her own personal ultra-marathon to show others how grateful she was to ____ her illness.

McNaney has ____ more than $10，000 for the Breast Cancer Research Foundation，nearly ____ her initial $5，000 goal.

During the first week，McNaney plans to run 36 miles each day.Two 13-mile days will follow so she ____ celebrate her eldest daughter’s eighth birthday and ____ her nephew’s high school graduation.

On July 3，the ____ day of her journey，McNaney will run 22 miles across Wayne County to Sodus Point，____ her daughters and more than a hundred friends will be   ___ .

Her husband Steve，35，will serve as her pit crew.It will be his ____ to keep McNaney fed，to track her weight and address any ____ problems that arise.

At times，McNaney said she will run with ____ —friends in Michigan，a cousin in Ohio and loads of friends and relatives in the final few miles in New York.

Company will be nice，she said，noting that she’s also looking forward to ____ time when she can relax，run and“just let my ____ wander.”

“I hope I can encourage people to challenge themselves，to know that they can overcome in the face of trouble，”McNaney said.“I'm stepping out of my comfort _____and putting myself out there to reach my goal.”

1.

A．expert

B．survivor

C．organizer

D．participant

2.

A．effort

B．offer

C．order

D．invitation

3.

A．anything

B．nothing

C．something

D．everything

4.

A．figure

B．standard

C．request

D．example

5.

A．of

B．with

C．for

D．from

6.

A．join

B．run

C．design

D．sponsor

7.

A．suffer from

B．meet with

C．come through

D．deal with

8.

A．borrowed

B．spent

C．raised

D．saved

9.

A．doubling

B．gaining

C．reaching

D．1osing

10.

A．must

B．should

C．need

D．can

11.

A．miss

B．plan

C．chair

D．attend

12.

A．best

B．final

C．initial

D．short

13.

A．when

B．which

C．where

D．as

14.

A．waiting

B．shouting

C．dancing

D．debating

15.

A．fault

B．right

C．job

D．honour

16.

A．traffic

B．medical

C．poisonous

D．hungry

17.

A．athletes

B．champions

C．folks

D．others

18.

A．alone

B．lonely

C．amazing

D．comfortable

19.

A．body

B．tension

C．dream

D．mind

20.

A．room

B．zone

C．life

D．cause