1 . People refer to never forgetting how to ride a bike or throw a baseball as examples of “muscle memory”, the result of a motor learning.
Previous research has shown that the changes actually persist in the muscles themselves. In one study of mice, the results suggest that after nuclei in muscle cells multiply in response to an overload of training, those extra nuclei aren’t lost during subsequent periods of inactivity. They are retained (保留), essentially waiting to be reactivated. If you fell off the fitness wagon (马车) during the pandemic, don’t be frustrated. Once you have got additional nuclei, you are banking the capacity.
Ultimately, muscle memory is a payoff for all the past work you put into learning a sport.
A.The best way to tap into it is to “get back on the horse”. |
B.Physiologists, on the other hand, define it in a different way. |
C.This convinces the researchers that muscle memory may not be long lasting. |
D.That is to say, we can do the sports automatically without conscious thought. |
E.It is generally safe to increase these elements by 5 percent every week or two. |
F.It is evident that the more you exercise, the more muscle memory savings you will have. |
G.All this news about muscle memory is encouraging for those who fell off the fitness scheme. |
The Race
After watching my son Todd run in a race, I made my usual comment (评论), “Todd, I could walk faster than those women run.” Todd laughed as he knew I wasn’t a runner. “Listen, Mom, how about running with me next year at this race?” Without thinking, I agreed to this challenge. I felt it’s a piece of cake!
Never did I imagine what the next year would bring. When it was almost time for this race to occur, Todd died in a car accident. A few of his friends knew this “challenge” I had agreed to with Todd. They started to encourage me to run the race. Honestly speaking, I had almost forgotten what I said.
Thinking deeply, I decided I should keep my promise to Todd. The first thing I did was buy some running clothes. I might look good, even though I hadn’t trained.
The day of the race came. I felt pretty sad, but I started off. It wasn’t long before a man started to run next to me. The man was very talkative. He kept saying how tired he was. The chatter went on and on. The race was over, and this man’s wife won! I was just happy to finish and keep my promise to Todd.
I came home, and my neighbor asked about the race. I told him what had happened. My neighbor laughed, “Kay, don’t you know what this guy was doing? He thought you were the competition by the way you were dressed. He wanted his wife to win. ” “Oh really!?”
The following year I did train. I even bought some tapes called “Win At Sports” and listened to them daily. If this man thought I was the competition, you could bet I was going to be the competition. His attitude in that race built a fire in me! The race was on!
注意: 1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When it was time for the race, I was all dressed and ready.
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I stayed behind this man’s wife almost the whole race.
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3 . Some people prefer to have a bite to eat before hitting the gym, known as a fed workout. Others would like to wait until after exercising to refuel their bodies, called a fasted workout.
If you want energy and strength for an ideal workout, you need fuel. A fed workout will provide your body with power. Eating before exercise may help you sustain longer sessions and lift heavier weights.
Many fitness enthusiasts are not on board with this idea. They report feeling sick and inactive while trying to exercise after eating. With a fasted workout, you may not get the usual indigestion. Experts for fasted workouts further claim that eating afterwards makes your body use its fat reserves for energy, meaning you will burn more fat.
Deciding when to eat for an ideal workout is a personal choice. Both fasted workouts and fed activities have their benefits and shortcomings.
A.However, a fasted workout might not work for you. |
B.How your body will respond is based on your workout intensity. |
C.These benefits can result in burning more fat and shaping a slimmer body. |
D.To eat or not to eat, that is the question on many fitness enthusiasts’ minds. |
E.Think thoroughly and discuss with your fitness instructor before taking a choice. |
F.Knowing what to eat for an ideal workout is just as important as knowing when to eat. |
G.A person doing a 30-minute session a day may not have a problem with fasted workouts. |
4 . Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
1. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?A.They must run long distances. |
B.They are qualified for the marathon. |
C.They have to follow special rules. |
D.They are good at swinging their legs. |
A.It’s more popular at the Olympics. |
B.It’s less challenging physically. |
C.It’s more effective in body building. |
D.It’s less likely to cause knee injuries. |
A.Getting experts’ opinions. |
B.Having a medical checkup. |
C.Hiring an experienced coach. |
D.Doing regular exercises. |
A.Skeptical. | B.Objective. |
C.Tolerant. | D.Conservative. |
5 . For some people, walking or running outdoors is a great way to exercise. What may not be so great is seeing rubbish all over the ground. Well, some people are doing something about it.
A Swedish man named Erik Ahlström, started the movement in 2016. He moved to Stockholm from a small community (社区) in northern Sweden. Each day he would ride his bike to work. He became worried about the amount of rubbish and litter he saw each day on his way to work. So, he took matters into his own hands. He began picking up the rubbish.
Today, plogging is an official activity, which is becoming more and more popular. People of all ages are welcome to plog. Exercise while helping your community.
Along with cleaning up the environment, there may be another reason to choose plogging instead of just jogging. You may get a better workout. One fitness app, Lifesum, records one hour of plogging as burning 288 calories.
As can be seen, cities around the world now hold plogging events. The goal is to spread the idea that littering is not acceptable. People would think twice before dropping a garbage on the ground.
A.Plogging is equal parts of exercise and community service. |
B.And that is how plogging was born! |
C.And plogging does good to your health. |
D.Usual jogging burns about 235 calories. |
E.They are plogging! |
F.There are people all around the world doing this. |
G.You get to know your neighbors. |
6 . When I was in my fourth year of teaching,I was also(and am still)a high school track and field coach(田径教练). One year,I had a student,John,who entered my class when he was a junior. John changed to our school from Greece,and seemed to be interested in sports,so I encouraged him to join our track team. I explained to him that even though he had never taken part in it before,I did believe that he could do well in any event,and that I would be willing to coach him in whichever ones interested him. He accepted the offer,and began to work hard at every practice.
About a month later,I had found out from other sources that John was a first-class tennis player,winning various junior awards in his home country. I went to him asking,“John,I really appreciate that you came out for the track team,but why didn’t you play tennis instead?It seems that would interest you a lot more,since you’re so good at it.”John answered,“Well,I like tennis,but you told me that you believed in me,and that you thought I could do well in track,so I wanted to try it for that reason.”
From then on,I often remember my student’s reply. I told it to a friend and she suggested I write it down to share somewhere with more teachers. No matter how critical(挑剔的)students can be of themselves,I’ve found that a simple“I trust that you can do it!”can go a long way!
1. According to Paragraph 1,what did the author seem to think more about?A.John’s PE marks. |
B.John’s self-confidence. |
C.John’s interest in sports. |
D.John’s state of health. |
A.He had been an excellent runner. |
B.He was encouraged by his teacher. |
C.He liked running more than tennis. |
D.He had no tennis coach to train him. |
A.To build a close teacher-student relationship. |
B.To introduce a new way of sports training. |
C.To explain the value of sports. |
D.To show the importance of encouragement. |
A.Teachers. | B.Parents. |
C.Students. | D.Players. |