Chinese kung fu, also known as wushu or Chinese martial arts, is one of the most well-known examples of traditional Chinese culture. It is probably one of the     1    (early) and longest     2    (last) sports which uses both muscles and brain.

The theory of kung fu is based     3     classical Chinese philosophy(哲学). Over its long history it     4    (develop) as a unique combination of exercise, practical self-defense, self-discipline, and art.

It is estimated that Chinese kung fu dates back to primitive society. At that time people used sticks     5    (fight) against wild beasts.     6    (gradual) they accumulated experience in self-defense.

Chinese kung fu is a large system of theory and practice. It combines     7    (technique) of self-defense and health-keeping.

In Chinese kung fu, however, a     8    (different) is made between “external(外部的)” and “internal” kung fu.     9     is said that “In external kung fu, you exercise your tendons(筋), bones, and skin; in internal kung fu, you train your spirit, your qi, and your mind.” And so internal kung fu can continue later in life,     10     the external body weakens.

4 . Girls should take part in competitive sport to build confidence, and the leaders of a group of girls’ schools will argue this week. Helen Fraser, director of the Girls’ Day School Trust(GDST), will tell the group that sport can help girls deal with failure.

“All girls, not just the sporty ones, should take physical exercise,” Ms. Fraser says. Research that girls are far less active than boys is worrying, she argues. Ms. Fraser will tell the group that she supports “sport for all”. “That’s why I love it when our schools have A, B, C and D teams and beyond,” she says.

The GDST draws on research from the Women’s Sport and Fitness Foundation which suggests only a quarter of girls in England meet basic levels of activity each week. One in five girls do no activity at all, twice the proportion of boys, the research suggests.

Ms. Fraser says other research suggests that more than 80% of women business leaders played sports while growing up. She uses the examples of former US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, who once was a skater and tennis player, and the head of the International Monetary Fund, Christine Lagarde, who was in the French national swimming team. Ms. Fraser says Olympic medallists like Jessica Ennis and Katherine Grainger are excellent role models for young women but says women’s sport needs more money and more news reports.

Valerie Dunsford, head of Sheffield High School for Girls, part of GDST, said it was important to offer a large number of sports to attract different types of girls. “Not everyone wants to be out playing the hockey.” said Ms. Dunsford.

5 . British Cycling had recently hired Dave Brailsford as its new director. At the time, professional cyclists in Great Britain had ________ nearly one hundred years of mediocrity(平庸). In fact, their________   had been so poor that one of the top bike companies in Europe ________ to sell bikes to the team because they were afraid that it would hurt sales if other professionals saw the British people using their bikes.

What made Brailsford different from previous coaches was his________ of searching for a tiny improvement in everything they do. The whole principle came from the idea that if you________   everything you could think of that goes into riding a bike, improve it by 1 percent and you will get a________ increase when you put them all together.

Brailsford and his coaches began by making small________. They redesigned the bike seats to make them more________. They asked riders to wear electrically heated over-shorts to ________ ideal muscle temperature while riding and used biofeedback sensors to ________how each athlete responded to a particular workout.

But they didn’t stop there.They________ to find 1 percent improvements in overlooked areas. They hired a(n)________ to teach each rider the best way to wash their hands to reduce the ________ of catching a cold. They even painted the ________ of the team truck white, which helped them ________little bits of dust that would normally slip by ________ but could affect the performance of the________tuned bikes.

As these and hundreds of other small improvements were ________, the results came faster than anyone could have ________. Just five years after Brailsford took over, they________ the road and track cycling events in all the important Games.

8 . Olympic host cities are generally considered to be equipped with advanced technology and expensive facilities. Now, people can just go there for a little Olympic-level entertainment.

Athens, Greece (1896 and 2004)

Home to the first modern Olympic games in 1896, Athens' history of the Olympic tradition dates back several thousand years. Every four years, the Olympic torch is lit at the Panathenaic Stadium in Athens before beginning its long journey to the new host city. Visitors can walk through the Olympic Velodrome in the Olympic Sports Complex and step back in time at the 50,000-seat stadium.

Barcelona, Spain(1992)

These days Barcelona is among the world's most visitable cities even without Olympic fame, but that isn't always the case. The telecommunications tower built for the games by Spanish architect Calatrava is also an iconic(图像的） device of the city's skyline, and its Olympics stadium- Montjuic Stadium is regularly used to host A-list musical performances like The Rolling Stones, Madonna, and Beyonce.

St Moritz, Switzerland(1924 and 1948)

Appropriately, the town that invented Alpine tourism has hosted the Winter Olympics twice, and continues to make use of its many sports facilities-if you can afford to get there. Stay at the Kulm Hotel for the easiest access to the Kulm Country Club, where guests can skate on the same lake used by mid-century Olympians, or test your courage on the Olympia Bob Run, one of the few places where you can ride a full-speed Olympic bobsled(双人雪橇） on a run constructed entirely of ice.

Sydney, Australia (2000)

The turn-of-the-century Sydney Summer Olympics were named the "Green Games" by the International Olympic Committee (10C) and were designed to introduce a more environmentally conscious way of hosting the event. The structure that best shows Sydney's efforts to be an example of continuing Olympic development is the ANZ Stadium.

9 . The Boston Marathon is the oldest annual race in the world. This long-distance running event began in 1897. Like all marathons the distance is 26.2 miles (about 42 kilometer). To enter, you must first have the right to take part in, and about 20,000 athletes meet the requirements each year. Within that number are some who are known as “mobility impaired”. They might be in wheelchairs or have a man-made leg or arm. They start the marathon two hours before the other runners.

I will never forget the first time that I ran the Boston Marathon. A truly amazing thing happened when I was halfway through the race. Ahead of me, there was a man who had only one leg. He was using a pair of crutches (拐杖) to help him run. Every runner who ran past him called out some words of praise and encouragement. I finished my race that day in just under 3 hours and 30 minutes. After finding my family, we went back to our hotel room.

After resting a bit, at around 6 pm, we decided to watch the last of the runners pass the finishing line. By this time, there were only a few runners left in the race. As we stood there, I began to hear people cheering. Then I saw the man on crutches getting closer and closer to the finish. It was 8 hours and 15 minutes after the mobility-impaired runners had started. As he approached the end, he suddenly raised his crutches up in the air and completed the last stretch (临近终点的一段跑道) on one leg. To watch him pass the finishing line was the most amazing and inspiring experience of my life, one that my children and I still talk about.

I have a personal motto (座右铭). "There is no great goal achieved without greater sacrifice." To me, it means that the journey toward your goals is often more difficult than actually reaching the goal itself. And people who make that journey, like the runner that day, encourage those around them.

10 . It is no secret that physical activity is necessary to a person’s well-being. Because children are continuously developing physically and emotionally, they are especially affected by the benefits of activity. Former First Lady Michelle Obama’s Let’s Move initiative reports that nearly one-third of US children are overweight or obese, and that “schools are a key setting for kids to get their 60 minutes of play with moderate activity, given the significant portion of time they spend there.”

Physical education programs in schools directly benefit students’ physical health. Regular exercise promotes muscles and bone development. In addition to participating in physical activity, students in P.E. learn the fundamentals of a healthful lifestyle, the building blocks upon which they can develop into healthy, knowledgeable adults.

Though the lack of attention on P.E. is often justified as an opportunity to spend more time in the classroom, studies show that physical activity contributes to improved academic performance. Regular activity during the school day is strongly associated with higher concentration levels. A statewide policy in North Carolina requires that children from kindergarten to eighth grade participate in 30 minutes of physical activity each day.

Activities in P.E. help children develop healthful social interactions. From a young age, children learn cooperation through group activities and form a positive sense of identity as part of a team. Such group activities are continually important as children grow older. The International Platform on Sport and Development states that sport has been used as a practical tool to engage young people in their communities through volunteering, resulting in higher levels of leadership and community engagement among young people.

The benefits of P.E. to a child’s mental health are both complex and comprehensive. Improved physical health, academics and social interactions all contribute to good mental health. Physical activity sets the stage for a good night’s sleep, provides more energy to participate in hobbies and interact with others.