1 . For many people, bicycling is not just a convenient way of getting around town but also an exciting sport. Serious cyclists often arrange to take part in races.

    1    . Each racer leaves the starting line at a different time and heads hard for the finish line. The cyclist who covers the distance in the shortest amount of time wins the race.     2    , because the bicycles are spread out and are not likely to run into each other.

Another kind of race is more difficult. A few city blocks are closed for competition. Then all the racers line up in a tight pack and begin racing at the same time. They cover many laps, going around and around the city blocks.    3    . It also requires skillful handling of the bicycle as it runs at full speed around other bicycles. The racer who completes all the laps first is the winner.

Road races are usually the longest cycling contests.    4    . The race course may be a straight stretch of road or a long series of roads across the country. The prize goes to the first person who crosses the finish line.

Between races cyclists stay in condition by doing exercise that builds their strength so that they can keep riding for long periods of time.     5    , they often join bicycling groups and become licensed racers. So they can enter professional races. Just keep practicing. Any cyclist could become a star.

A．One kind of race is the time trial

B．The race requires more than speed

C．As cyclists become more experienced

D．A time trial is a very safe race for beginners

E．Most people will seize possible chances to get around town

F．Racers have to cover anywhere from 35 miles to almost 3,000 miles

G．When cyclists still need to build themselves up for those special races

2 . There is virtue in working standing up. It sounds like a fashion. But it does have a basis in science.

That, by itself, may not be surprising. Health ministries ask people for decades to do more exercise. What is surprising is that long periods of inactivity are bad regardless of how much time you also spend on officially approved high-impact stuff like pounding treadmills(跑步机) in the gym. What you need instead, the latest research suggests, is constant low-level activity. This can be so low-level that you might not think of it as activity at all. Even just standing up counts, for it invokes muscles that sitting does not.

Researchers in this field trace the history of the idea that standing up is good for you back to 1953, when a study published in The Lancet found that bus conductors, who spent their days standing, had a risk of heart attack half that of bus drivers, who spent their shifts on their backsides. But as the health benefits of exercise and vigorous(强度大的) physical activity began to become clear in the 1970s, says David Dunstan, a researcher at the Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, Australia, interest in low-intensity activity --- like walking and standing --- became weaker.

Over the past few years, however, interest has been excited again. A series of studies, none big enough to provide convincing evidence, but all pointing in the same direction, persuaded Emma Wilmot of the University of Leicester, in Britain, to carry out a meta-analysis. This is a technique that combines diverse studies in a statistically meaningful way. Dr Wilmot combined 18 of them, covering almost 800,000 people and concluded that those individuals who are the least active in their normal daily lives are twice as likely to develop diabetes(糖尿病) as those who are the most active. She also found that the immobile are twice as likely to die from a heart attack and two-and-a-half times as likely to suffer cardiovascular disease as the most mobile. Crucially, all this seemed to be independent of the amount of vigorous, gym-style exercise that volunteers did.

1. The surprising thing mentioned in Paragraph 2 is that ______.

A．Low-level activities are better than high-level ones.

B．Long periods of inactivity are bad to people’s health

C．The benefits of high-impact exercise are not highly approved by people

D．Strong physical activities cannot make up for the bad effects of inactivity.

2. Why did people lose interest in low-intensity activity in the 1970s?

A．Researchers didn’t devote much to studying their health benefits.

B．The health benefits of high-impact exercise were widely recognized.

C．It was believed to be unable to invoke all the muscles of the body.

D．It was proved not so effective in reducing the risk of heart attacks.

3. The findings made by Dr Wilmot ______.

A．disagreed with her assumption

B．consisted with the results of the 1953 study

C．changed her original research objectives

D．confirmed David Dunstan’s research results

4. What’s the passage mainly about?

A．The history of the theory.

B．The benefits of standing up.

C．Low-level activity and health.

D．A series of epidemiological studies.

3 . The Alexander technique

Until earlier this year, I didn’t know anything about the Alexander technique—and saw no reason to think I should. One day, the backache I regularly suffered was more painful. I was brought up to think that the preferred way of dealing with aches is to do nothing and hope they’ll go away, but I eventually went to the doctor. After examining me, he said, “You actually have bad posture (姿势). Go off and learn the Alexander technique.” Three months later I could walk straighter and sit better.

The Alexander technique is a way of learning how you can get rid of harmful tension in your body. The teaching focuses on the neck, head and back. It trains you to use your body less severely and carry out the movements that we do all the time with less effort. There is little effort in the lessons themselves, which sets apart the Alexander technique from yoga or pilates, which are exercise-based. A typical lesson involves standing in front of a chair and learning to sit and stand with minimum effort. You spend some time lying on a bench with your knees bent to straighten the spine (脊椎) and relax your body while the teacher moves your arms and legs to train you to move them correctly.

The technique helps to break the bad habits accumulated over years. Try folding your arms the opposite way to normal. This is an example of a habit the body has formed which can be hard to break. Many of us carry our heads too far back. The head weighs four to six kilos, so any inappropriate posture can cause problems for the body. The technique teaches you to let go of the muscles holding the head back, allowing it to go back to its natural place on the top of our spines.

So who was Alexander and how did he come up with the technique? Frederick Alexander, an Australian actor born in 1869, found in his youth that he had vocal (声音的) problems during performances. He analyzed himself and realized his posture was bad. He worked on improving it, with excellent results. He brought his technique to London and opened a teacher-training school, which is still successful today.

So if you’re walking along the road one day with shoulders bent forward, feeling weighed down by your troubles, give a thought to the Alexander technique. It will help you walk tall again.

1. What does the author suggest in Paragraph 1?

A．She felt no better after the treatment.

B．She got bored with the Alexander technique.

C．She was sceptical about the doctor’s method.

D．She was unwilling to seek treatment for her backache.

2. What is the principle of the Alexander technique?

A．Physical tension shouldn’t be completely relieved.

B．The technique shouldn’t be combined with other exercises.

C．The practice of the technique shouldn’t be attempted alone.

D．Familiar physical actions shouldn’t be done with much effort.

3. What can we learn about Frederick Alexander?

A．He managed to recover his vocal powers.

B．He was eager to make a name for himself.

C．He developed a form of exercise for actors.

D．He had to leave home to develop his technique.

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．The occurrence of back pain is widespread.

B．Alexander improved the technique to treat body pain.

C．The Alexander technique helps overcome posture problems.

D．People with back pain are victims of inappropriate postures.

4 . When did you last see a polar bear？On a trip to a zoo，perhaps？If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago，you would have seen a whole polar bear club.These “Polar Bears” are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water.That day，the air temperature was 3℃，and the water temperature was a bit higher.The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island，New York are usually about the age of 60.Members must satisfy two requirements.First，they must get along well with everyone else in the group.This is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club.Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.

Doctors do not agree about the medical effects of cold－water swimming.Some are worried about the danger of a condition in which the body's temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops.Other doctors，however，point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and water temperature is much greater in summer than in winter.

The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits (or advantages) of cold－water swimming.They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system(循环系统) because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm.Cold－water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water.A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and should not try cold－water swimming.

The main benefits (or advantages) of cold－water swimming are probably mental.The Polar Bears love to swim year－round；they find it fun and relaxing.As one 70－year－old woman says.“When I go into the water，I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away.”

1. The members of the Polar Bear Club must meet the following requirements except that ________．

A．they must reach the age of 60

B．they should be easy to make friends with

C．they must swim outdoors at least 8 times in the four cold months

D．they must agree to swim outdoors from November through February

2. According to the passage，some doctors believe it is true that ________．

A．you are healthy if cold－water swimming turns your skin color blue

B．cold－water swimming causes more heart attacks in summer than in winter

C．cold－water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high

D．Polar Bears are bears swimming in freezing water

3. The Polar Bears like to swim all the year round，for ________．

A．they can remain young

B．it is an easy way to keep the body warm in winter

C．they find it enjoyable and interesting

D．they might meet fewer troubles in life

4. The passage is mainly about ________．

A．a group of cold－water swimming lovers

B．the polar bears' life

C．doctors' ideas about cold－water swimming

D．the requirements of the Polar Bear Club

5 . 假定你是李华，你校将举办新年贺卡（New Year greeting cards）设计大赛。请你给留学 生朋友Peter写一封邮件，邀请他参加本次比赛。 包括以下要点：
1．活动要求：手工制作，应包含图画和文字。
2．作品评奖：由学校美术老师担任评委，选出30件优秀作品。
3．作品提交截止时间—12月20日前。
注意：1．词数100左右：

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Peter,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

LiHua

6 . 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(﹨)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线(__)，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。2、只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Boys and girls,

May I have your attention, please? I have anything important to tell you. Next Sunday afternoon, our class is going to hold an English story-telling competition in the lecture hall.

Everybody is required to present at that time. Two foreign teacher will be invited to act as judges. The activity will benefit from you in many ways. For example, it will give us a good chance to practicing your oral English and train your communication skills. However, it will inspire your interest at English. The requirements are as follows. First, the story must be origin. That is, the story must be made out by yourself. Second, the story must be presented in English. Third, your story should be finished within three minutes.

That’s all. Thank you!

7 . A new urban sport, parkour, is hitting the streets. It has evolved from obstacle course training into a fitness option for young people. In parkour, the outside world is the gym!     1     The goal of parkour is a direct route from one place to another. You meet an obstacle, you overcome it.

Mark Toorock, who teaches the techniques of parkour at his fitness gym, says that parkour is a method to train the body and mind using obstacles as the medium. He says that this new sport is demanding and takes years to master.     2    

But Toorock, who used to be a martial arts expert, says that everyone can benefit from learning the basic skills involved in parkour like running, jumping and crawling (爬行). These are the things that humans used to have to do all the time.     3     The original idea of parkour was to return to running and jumping as basic elements in moving from one place to another.

Georges Hebert, a French navy officer, was so impressed by the effortless athleticism of African tribes that he devised a training method based on running, climbing, jumping, balancing and throwing. The word parkour comes from parcours de combatant, the French term for a military obstacle course.     4    

Dr Kenneth Kao explains that the sport of parkour is not extreme — it is the environment which is extreme and dangerous. Being outside, jumping off railings and flipping over park benches can be quite frightening, so parkour courses in gyms concentrate on practicing all the individual moves to make everything easier.     5     However, that is not real parkour because it’s indoors with a fixed obstacle. The goal for everyone is to go outdoors.

A．Gyms provide thick floor matting (垫子) for rolling and rubberized boxes for jumping over.

B．The bridges, buildings and railings (栏杆) of each and every city are the equipment.

C．Every action in parkour is natural, so everyone must have the ability to move in this way.

D．Parkour was introduced into china in recent years and has gained popularity.

E．But today, due to modern transport, these basic skills are no longer used on a regular basis.

F．The French word for people who participate in the sport is traceurs or traceuses.

G．Beginners should realize that they won’t be jumping over buildings any time soon!

8 . All over the world people are hooked on sports, which help them to strengthen their body and build their character.     1     They improve the participants’ physical skills, and provided entertainment for the audience as well.

Many people like to watch others play games.     2     Often they get very excited when “their” player or team wins. If they are crazy about the game or the player, then they will become their die-hard fans. Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere go in for them. Football, for example, has spread around the world. Swimming is popular in countries near the sea or in those with many rivers.     3     And think of people in cold countries. Masses of people love to skate or ski in Japan, Norway or Canada.

    4     Chinese boxing, also has a very long history. But basketball and volleyball are rather new, which started in the late of the nineteenth century. People are inventing new sports or games all the time. Water skiing, as a modern game, is one of the newest in the family of sports.

People from different countries or races may not be able to understand each other, but after a game, they get to know each other better and they often become good friends. Sports help to train a person’s character.     5    

They also learn to be competitive and optimistic, which will equip them for life challenges in the future.

A．And the friendship may last for a life time.

B．They buy tickets or turn on TV to watch the games.

C．Chinese people liked doing sports even in ancient times.

D．What fun it is to jump into a pool or lake, whether in China, Egypt or Italy!

E．Some sports or games date back thousands of years, like running or jumping.

F．They learn to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace.

G．Sports are competitive physical activities or games through casual or organized participation.

9 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear Kate,

I have good news to tell you. The World Adolescent Robotics Competition will held in Shanghai at the end of July. Hear that you once took part in the competition last year and won an award, I intend to invite you to join in our team in the coming competition. I am sure that your involvement will not only help us win the award and also strengthen the friendship between our school.

Now they are preparing for the competition actively. Because you had more experience than us, I also send you our training plan, about that I wish to get your advice. We sincere hope that we can participate in a competition as team partners.

I’m looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

10 . The relationship between exercise and cancer has long both intrigued and puzzled oncologists and exercise physiologists.

Exercise is strongly associated with lowered risks for many types of cancer. At the same time, exercise involves biological stress, which typically leads to a short-term increase in inflammation(发炎)which can contribute to higher risks for many cancers.

Now, a new study in mice may offer some clues into the exercise-cancer paradox. It suggests that exercise may change how the immune system deals with cancer by boosting adrenaline(肾上腺素), certain immune cells and other chemicals that, together, can reduce the severity of cancer or fight it off altogether.

To try to better understand how exercise can both elevate inflammation and simultaneously protect the body against cancer, scientists at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark and other institutions decided to closely examine what happens inside mice at high risk for the disease.

So, for the new study, they began by gathering a group of adult lab mice. These animals generally like to run.

The scientists then implanted melanoma (黑素瘤) skin cancer cells into the mice before providing half of them with running wheels in their cages while the other animals remained sedentary. After four weeks, far fewer of the runners had developed full-blown melanoma than the sedentary mice and those that had been diagnosed with the disease showed fewer and smaller lesions.

They drew blood from both the exercising and sedentary animals and cells from any tumors in both groups. As expected, they found much higher levels of the hormone adrenaline in the blood of the exercising animals, especially right after they had been working out on the wheels but also at other times of the day. The body releases adrenaline in response to almost any type of stressful experience, including exercise.

They also found higher levels of interleukin-6 in the blood of the runners. This is a substance that is released by working muscles and is believed to both increase and decrease inflammation in the body, depending on where and how it goes to work.

Perhaps most important, they found much higher numbers in the bloodstreams of runners than in the sedentary mice of a type of immune cell named natural killer cells that are known to be strong cancer fighters.

So the scientists repeated their original experiment multiple times, inducing cancer while allowing some mice to run and others to sit. In some of these follow-up experiments, the scientists injected the runners with a substance that blocked the production of adrenaline and gave sedentary animals large doses of added adrenaline.

What they now found was that when running mice could not produce adrenaline, they developed cancer at the same rate as the sedentary animals, while the sedentary animals that had been injected with extra adrenaline fought off their tumors better than other sitting mice.

More remarkably, the scientists determined that adrenaline seemed to be sending biochemical signals to some of the animals’ IL-6 cells, making them physiologically more alert, so that when a tumor began to develop in the affected animal, those IL-6 cells in turn activated the natural killer cells in the bloodstream and actually directed them to the tumors, like minute guide fish.

With these results, “we show that voluntary wheel running in mice can reduce the growth of tumors, and we have identified an exercise-dependent mobilization of natural killer cells as the underlying cause of this protection,” said Pernille Hojman, a researcher at the University of Copenhagen who oversaw the new study. It perhaps provides one more incentive for us to get up and move.

1. The relationship between exercise and cancer has long puzzled oncologists and exercise physiologists because ________.

A．exercise is strongly associated with lowered risks for many types of cancer

B．exercise can both elevate inflammation for many cancers and protect the body against cancer

C．exercise may change can reduce the severity of cancer or fight it off altogether

D．exercise can increase in inflammation which can contribute to elevated risks for many cancers

2. In the first experiment, which one is the most important result the scientists found?

A．Natural killer cells are much more in the bloodstreams of runners than in the sedentary mice.

B．Levels of interleukin-6 are higher in the blood of the runners than in the sedentary mice.

C．Exercise such as running seemed to help the mice fight against the cancer.

D．Adrenaline can reduce the severity of cancer or fight it off.

3. What does the underlined word “sedentary” mean?

A．run

B．move

C．sit

D．sleep

4. In the follow-up experiments, the scientists found __________.

A．the hormone adrenaline has much higher levels in the blood of the exercising animals

B．how these elements in the runners — their increased adrenaline, IL-6, and natural killer immune cells — fight against tumor

C．interleukin-6 can both increase and decrease inflammation in the body, depending on where and how it goes to work

D．what happens inside mice at high risk for the disease that kill the immune cells

5. According to the study, we can infer the fundamental substance to fight the cancer off is ________.

A．adrenaline

B．interleukin-6

C．natural killer cells

D．genes