2 . BOSTON MARATHON TRAINING PLAN

Welcome to the Boston Marathon Training Plan. Developed by the Boston Athletics Association(B. A. A.), the training plan will help guide you to success. It is especially suitable for the 2020 Boston Marathon competitors, and is not necessarily intended for other events. The plan starts on Thursday, November 22, and end in on Thursday, April 11, 2020.

There are four levels of training plans designed to help you, whether you are running over five hours or going for a sub-three hour marathon:

•Level One is designed around running an average of four days per week.

•Level Two will have you run an average of five days per week.

•Level Three will be an average of six days per week.

•Level Four will have you training six to seven days per week.

The step-by-step increase in daily and weekly advantage is designed to challenge you while also reducing the risk of training too hard. All four plans build a solid base of running fitness, and will help try to maximize your race potential. As with any training plan, what is outlined is merely a guide on how to build and arrange your weekly running routine.

The B. A. A. Boston Marathon Training Plan material is intended to be of general informational use and is not intended to be any fitness or medical advice. You should always consult a qualified and licensed medical professional before beginning or changing any exercise program. Please use personal judgment when participating in any training or exercise program. Information contained within the B. A. A. Boston Marathon Training Plan may not be reproduced or adapted without approved written permits from the Boston Athletic Association.

Good luck to all runners.

4 . Chamonix, France 1924

The Games were first known as the “International Winter Sports Week”. It wasn’t until 1925 that they were officially named the Olympic Winter Games. Two days before the Closing Ceremony, the International Olympic Committee (CIOC) was approved as the official organizing committee.

St. Moritz, Swiss 1928 & 1948

Unseasonable warm weather created disorder with the events at the Swiss Alpine resort, while Norway continued to lead. Sonja Henie, just 15, combined grace with athletic ability to win the first of three Olympic gold medals in women’s figure skating. Japan sent its first delegation(代表团)—six skiers and one official.

The Swiss resort(度假胜地)hosted for the second time, the 5th Winter Games, favored as a neutral venue following World War! Germany and Japan were not allowed to participate, while single-person sled(雪橇)racing was held for the first time since the previous St. Moritz Games.

Grenoble, France 1968

The “snowy Games” attracted only about 70, 000 spectators on the ground because 500 million viewers chose to watch them on television. Women were forced to take gender(性别)tests for the first time in the Olympics.

Sapporo, Japan 1972

At the first Winter Olympics held in Asia, an argument over amateur status came to the boil when the IOC banned Austrian ski star Karl Schranz from the Games because he had been paid for appearing in a ski maker’s advertisement. American figure skater Janet Lynn settled for women’s bronze but won the hearts of the local audience while hotel manager Francisco Fernandez Ochoa staged a surprise victory in the men’s slalom(回转赛)for Spain’s first gold medallist in the 11th Winter Olympics.

7 . A growing number of colleges and universities are offering competitive esports (electronic sports) teams. Now some doctors are calling for gamers to be treated like other college athletes, because just like with other sports, they also suffer injuries.

Ryan Harran and Daniel Singh are both university esports team players. “Some days I don’t play at all because of school and work, but when I do play, it could be anywhere from three hours to six hours,” Harran said. “It is pretty mentally exhausting(令人疲惫的). There’s certainly eye strain (视疲劳) from just looking so hard,” Singh said.

New research looked at 65 college esports players and found they averaged (平均用) about 5 to 10 hours of gaming training daily, with many reporting overuse injuries including hand and arm pain and neck and back pain. “Poor posture can produce fast-growing pressure on your neck, back and shoulders,” said study author Dr. Hallie Zwibel. “Eye tiredness is the most commonly reported problem ...” Zwibel says players also report sleeplessness due to the blue light from the screens. In fact, esports can be such heavy work that players often retire by the time they’re in their mid-20s.

So far, 80 colleges and universities in the U.S. have esports teams. Researchers say schools need to provide prevention (预防) and treatment plans for esports injuries just as they do with traditional athletes. “Nutrition(营养), exercise, and stretches (伸展), especially stretches of the eyes to avoid eye tiredness during game play,” Zwibel said. And it’s not just college and university esports athletes who should be careful, and even if you don’t play at that level, Zwibel said, you can still suffer esports injuries like overuse injuries and eye tiredness from video games.

Singh says he keeps all that in mind to be his best on the game day. “I often roll my shoulders back and keep a straight back,” he said, adding that he also tries to do some exercise when he’s offline.

Since the Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology     1     (design) uniforms (制服) for the 2008 Beijing Olympics, it has taken on the task of costume design for many international sports events. It took two years     2     (complete) the design work for the Chinese Olympic delegation's entry uniform in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. After several     3     (round) of selections and evaluations, final uniform designs with the theme of “making a good start” were     4     (official) confirmed in March, 2021.

Since the appearance of the athletes is     5     focus of the opening ceremony, an eye-catching red is a top choice,    6    is the primary color in China's national flag and also symbolizes energy, passion and joy in traditional Chinese culture. White     7     (represent) brightness and purity plays a buffering (缓冲) role in the costume design. The     8     (combine) of red and white means “making a good start.”

The white dress for female athletes features China's national flower, the peony, and the source is from a Ming Dynasty peony bowl,    9     the design of the men's shirts is inspired by the five-star pattern of China's national flag. It reflects the spirit of the Chinese Olympic team to fight together     10     national honor.