1 . Have you ever made a mistake while trying to print from a computer? That paper probably went right into the recycling bin. From there, it is taken to a waste-handling plant to be eventually broken down and remade. But what if you could simply erase your mistake and reuse that paper? It may become available, thanks to a new technology.
It's a new type of rewritable paper that can be used more than 100 times. Words and pictures remain visible on it for at least half a year. This is nearly the first rewritable paper. But the marks on those earlier versions tended to fade away in less than three months.
Luzhuo Chen led the group that made the new rewritable paper. His team was inspired by pens that contain erasable ink. That ink disappears when heated. To make its new rewritable paper, Chen's group switched the ink from the pen to the paper. They covered one side of regular paper with the ink used in those erasable pens. Using a heated pen or printer, they can now write or print on this paper. That warmth makes the ink disappear.
This is the opposite of how writing usually works, where ink is applied to paper. With the new system, the spots where you write become white instead of colored because that heat makes the ink covering the white paper disappear.
Qiang Zhao has a creative mind behind another type of rewritable paper. He thinks Chen's paper is simple and doesn't cost much to make, so it should be easy and fairly inexpensive to produce. However, the paper will need a lot of ink. In large doses（剂量），chemicals in the ink can be bad for the environment and people's health. Zhao would like scientists to develop a safer ink. Still, he thinks this paper will have wide applications.
1. Why does the author raise the questions in the first paragraph?| A．To prove the necessity of recycling paper. |
| B．To introduce the importance of rewritable paper. |
| C．To draw readers attention to the new technology. |
| D．To show the development of paper-making technology. |
| A．It can be reused for a lot more times. |
| B．The costs of producing it are much lower. |
| C．It can be produced in a much easier way. |
| D．The contents on it can be more long-lasting. |
| A．It still needs improving. | B．It's somewhat impractical. |
| C．It does no harm to its users. | D．It's worth promoting right away. |
| A．It shows colored words or pictures. |
| B．It doesn't require ink to write on it. |
| C．It will replace ordinary writing paper soon. |
| D．It has no requirement on the writing tool. |
2 . About 450 million years ago, animals made one of the most important decisions in Earth's history: They left the wet sea and started living on the dry land. At that moment, humanity's problems with superbugs (超级细菌) probably began. Scientists at the Broad Institute have found evidence that an important group of antibiotic-resistant (耐药性) bacteria are as old as animals themselves.“These bugs likely lived in the very first creatures that were out of the sea and came onto land,” says Ashlee Earl, who co-led the study.
During that time, these superbugs seem to have picked up characteristics that .helped them live in hospitals and even the most common antibiotics, like penicillin. “These bugs became part of these creatures' stomach bacteria," Earl adds. The superbug we're talking is a little guy called Enterococci. And it's the godfather of superbugs. Today Enterococci bacteria have become. a: major source of hospital infections. They, sicken nearly 70, 000 and. kill more than 1,000 each year in U.S., the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says.
“Why, out of the thousand species of bacteria that live in our stomach, have Enterococci become a superbug?" Earl wondered. To figure it out, she sequenced(排序) the genomes of 24 species of Enterococci found in the stomach of all sorts of animals, from bees and pigeons to human and fish. When she looked at what those genes do, Earl quickly realized Enterococci’s secret weapon: “Basically, it's like the. bacteria put on a tough suit." Many of these special genes are involved in hardening the bacteria's cell wall.“They help make the bacteria able to withstand drying out and exposure to disinfectants(消毒剂)”
“Remember, these are bacteria that live in the stomach of animals, but. sometimes they are out in waste." When the waste happens in the ocean, the bacteria end up in an environment that's not too different than. an animal's stomach, wet and filled with nutrients. But when bacteria are out onto land, they find themselves in a much harder environment. They are exposed to U.V. light, starving and drying up. So, to survive, they needed to develop this tough suit.
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?| A．Hospitals are fighting against superbugs fiercely. |
| B．It is possible that superbugs can be defeated in the near future. |
| C．Superbugs can be traced back to ancient land animals. |
| D．Humans have lived with superbugs for a long time. |
| A．the harsh environment | B．the hard 'cell wall |
| C．the evolution of Enterococci | D．the abundant nutrients |
| A．They had a comfortable life then. | B．They tended to protect themselves from starving. |
| C．They developed a tough suit. | D．They depended on the sea animals. |
| A．To introduce the concept of superbugs. | B．To explain the changing living environment. |
| C．To compare the gut bacteria with Enterococci. | D．To inform the origination of-superbugs. |
3 . China’s largest search engine Baidu has said it will make its latest artificial intelligence (AI) technology accessible to developers and businesses as part of the company’s latest move into AI, big data and cloud computing.
AI solution “Tianzhi” was launched at a cloud-computing summit held in Beijing Wednesday. It includes services in three fields: sensing technology, such as image and voice processing, machine learning, and deep learning, an advanced form of machine learning, said Zhang Yaqin, CEO of the Nasdaq-listed company, at the summit.
Developers can access facial or voice recognition, algorithms (演算法) for data analysis and projections, and deep learning applications, Zhang said, adding that the technology could help users innovate in their sectors.
“With more devices connected to the cloud, enterprises will use cloud computing and AI more frequently,” said Wu Hequan, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Engineering, “Open AI technology can play a bigger role.”
The company also revealed a plan to invest 10 billion yuan (1.45 billion U.S. dollars) in cloud computing in the next five years and establish an innovation center, which will serve 10 million enterprises.
1. What is the main idea of paragraph one?| A．Baidu will further develop its latest AI technology. |
| B．Baidu has attracted developers’ and businesses’ attention. |
| C．Users will be able to access Baidu’s latest AI technology. |
| D．A company will move to AI, big data and cloud computing. |
| A．sensing technology |
| B．voice processing |
| C．machine learning |
| D．deep learning |
| A．It’s important for AI technology to be open. |
| B．AI technology is more important than the cloud. |
| C．People aren’t aware of the importance of AI technology. |
| D．Enterprises will hardly benefit from open AI technology. |
| A．Reveal a plan to invest in cloud computing. |
| B．Invest 10 billion yuan to serve enterprises. |
| C．Get invested from enterprises in the next five years. |
| D．Invest in computing and build an innovation center. |
4 . I come from a broken family, experiencing my parents' divorce and remarriages. After we grew up, my three siblings and I could go years without speaking. And that is where this story begins.
My sister Jeanne and I were born only 14 months apart, but by the time we were teenagers we had lost touch. By age 19, I couldn't wait to move away from our home in Wisconsin to live on a farm in Virginia, where I worked as a vet assistant. Jeanne got married at 18, moved to Chicago, and became - well, I didn't know what. We lived separate lives in separate states, and our connection somewhat ended.
When I was 24, I was on a trip to New York City for sightseeing one day, I was crossing a very busy street loaded with people. Everyone was in a hurry. I had laughed at something and I suddenly heard my name yelled from somewhere behind me: “Cheryl!" I froze in my steps in the middle of the road. Tears welled up instantly in my eyes. I knew without a doubt that it was my sister Jeanne. I yelled before even turning to look.“Jeanne?”
It was her.“Oh my God!" I screamed, and I began pushing people out of my way to get to her. The crowd started to pert. We must have seemed crazy. And there we were, standing in the middle of a Manhattan street, facing each other and smiling. I couldn't believe it.
I later asked how she'd known it was me - she never saw me! She said it was my laugh. I wouldn't say my laugh is all that unusual, but I guess to a family member it's infectious. It hits your heart and resonates in your mind.
Since that time, my sister and I have never been separated. We both moved back to Wisconsin. I see our sister-to-sister miracle as a lesson, a reminder not to lose touch with loved ones. It is too easy to remain lost.
1. Why Jeanne and Cheryl were separated?| A．Because they both grew up. |
| B．Because they wanted to escape from the family. |
| C．Because they were not willing to keep in touch. |
| D．Because they hated each other very much. |
| A．by her laugh. | B．by her talk. |
| C．by her look. | D．by her dress. |
| A．They saw it as a miracle. | B．They moved back to Wisconsin. |
| C．They remained lost easily. | D．They cherished their sisterhood. |
| A．A diary. . | B．A guidebook |
| C．A novel. | D．A magazine. |
5 . I used to think that the most effective way to resist depression (抑郁) was to have my heart set on happiness. If you valued happiness instead of sorrow as your goal, I thought, one would not suffer from depression.
However, a study, carried out among students living in the UK, found those who said they valued happiness extremely highly tended to show greater signs of depression.
Vogt and colleagues presented 151 students, the majority of them female, with a series of online questionnaires, These examined attitudes from how much they valued happiness to how much their emotions affected them, how easy they found it to put aside emotions, and their levels of depression-related symptoms.
The results, published in the Journal of Happiness Studies, reveal that those who valued happiness more had higher scores for symptoms of depression. The reason is in part because individuals become distracted by their feelings and a lower ability to reframe thoughts or experiences. It is also in part because. of bottling up emotions. “Suppression is not considered a successful emotional regulation strategy because when you try not to think of something you think of it all the time," said Vogt.
While Vogt said the study cannot prove that valuing happiness too much causes symptoms of depression, she said it was highly possible. She also noted that in Russia and east Asian countries the opposite trend had been found.
However, the study has limitations - including that it mainly involved women and did not account for the health or socioeconomic status or participants, although all were young and at university.
1. What did the study find?| A．If you value happiness, you won't get upset. |
| B．The goal of happiness leads to depression. |
| C．Negative :emotions affects one's happiness. |
| D．Female college students are easier to become depressed. |
| A．They are distracted by their feelings. | B．They fail to adjust their thought. |
| C．They welcome every kind of emotions. | D．They think about happiness all the time. |
| A．expression | B．hiding |
| C．value | D．happiness |
| A．objective | B．indifferent |
| C．supportive | D．critical |
6 . What is language for? Some people seem to think it's for practicing grammar rules and earning lists of words—the longer the list, the better. That's wrong．Language is for the exchange（交流）of ideas and information．It's meaningless knowing all about a language if you can't use it freely. Many students I have met know hundreds of grammar rules, but they can't speak correctly or fluently（流利地）．They are afraid of making mistakes．One shouldn't be afraid of making mistakes when speaking a foreign language. Native speakers make mistakes and break rules, too．Bernard saw once wrote, "Foreigners often speak English too correctly．"But the mistakes that native speakers make are different from those that Chinese students make. They're English mistakes in the English language．And if enough native speakers break a rule, it is no longer a rule. What used to be wrong becomes right．People not only make history, they make language．But a people can only make its own language．It can't make another people's language. So Chinese students of English should pay attention to grammar, but they shouldn't overdo（做过头）it. They should put communication first.
1. Language is used to ________.| A．express oneself | B．practise grammar rules |
| C．talk with foreigners only | D．learn lists of words |
| A．never makes mistakes | B．often makes mistakes |
| C．can't avoid making mistakes | D．always makes mistakes |
| A．foreigners speak correct English |
| B．foreigners speak incorrect English |
| C．foreigners speak English according to the grammar rules |
| D．foreigners never make mistakes when they speak English |
| A．speak in Chinese way |
| B．speak by the rules |
| C．speak to native speakers |
| D．not be afraid of making mistakes |
I am a vegetarian（素食主义者）．Many people are quick to think of vegetarianism as strange behavior．I treasure our Earth, and since we only have one, we should protect it and the wildlife that lives on it．But that’s only one of the reasons to be a vegetarian．
Vegetarians may live longer, healthier lives．There is a connection between red meat consumption and various diseases．From an economic standpoint, it requires less land, money and energy to produce foods for a vegetarian diet．While there are many benefits to being a vegetarian, only a handful of those who attempt to adopt this lifestyle succeed．
The most important quality required to be a vegetarian is firmness since surrounded by the temptation of meat, we tend to give up vegetarianism easily．Creativity is almost as important as commitment．It’s easy to tire of eating nothing but salad． But with a little creativity and some soy products, almost any meal can become vegetarian-friendly．
Not everyone wants to be vegetarian．Accepting this is part of being a vegetarian with style．Forcing your beliefs on others is disrespectful．Stylish vegetarians should also be able to turn down a meaty dish politely without annoying their hosts．
Being a successful vegetarian has been easy for me, but it may not be so for others．A common mistake is quitting before your body has adjusted to the change．It can be difficult to keep the lifestyle in the beginning because of temptation．However, it fades over time．Another common mistake is quitting because you’ve been misinformed about the nutritional wisdom of being a vegetarian．That’s why it is vital to be educated． Countless people will tell you that it’s impossible to obtain the nutrients and protein（蛋白质）your body requires without meat, but they are incorrect．People actually need only 44-55 grams of protein a day, and that is easily found in a vegetarian diet．Many meat eaters are consuming three times that amount, which is not beneficial．It leads to diseases．Vegetables can also supply all the vitamins, minerals and nutrients your body needs．However, if you’re still not convinced, you can take a multi-vitamin．
1. According to the passage, being a vegetarian helps ______．
| A．protect the wildlife |
| B．free people from diseases |
| C．rid people from strange behaviors |
| D．develop a better economy |
| A．Unpleasant taste | B．Extreme attraction |
| C．Great consumption | D．Significant importance |
| A．force others to be vegetarians |
| B．respect other people’s beliefs |
| C．turn down hosts gracefully |
| D．refuse an offer of meat |
| A．Many people give up before their bodies can adjust to the transition． |
| B．Many people quit because they’re poorly educated about nutrition． |
| C．Consuming 150 grams protein a day can be harmful． |
| D．Vegetarians need multi-vitamins to keep healthy． |
| A．Reasons why the author became a vegetarian． |
| B．Important qualities required to be a vegetarian． |
| C．Advantages and disadvantages of being a vegetarian． |
| D．Common mistakes on the way to being a vegetarian． |
I was going to Paris, which I’d always wanted to see．But now I was frightened to travel alone．I arrived at the train station in Paris．I hadn’t spoken my college French for twenty years．On my first metro ride, I came across an incompetent（不胜任的）thief．I just stared at him, and he stopped his hand from my purse and disappeared into the crowd． Somewhere in this confusing city was my hotel hidden, but the directions suddenly weren’t easy to find． When I finally found the hotel, my heart was beating heavily, and I was sweating like a basketball player．I couldn’t stay．Could I? The wallpaper looked like it had been through a fire．The bathroom was downstairs, and the window looked out onto the brick wall of another building．Welcome to Paris．I sincerely wanted to die．I missed my friends．I was entering my third week away from home and my kids, and I had arrived in the most romantic city in the world, alone, lonely and frightened．
The most important thing I did in Paris happened at that moment．I knew that if I didn’t go out, right then, and find a place to have dinner, I would hide in this small room my entire time in Paris．I might never learn to enjoy the world as a single individual．So I went out．Evening in Paris was light and pleasant．I walked along a path, listening to birds sing, watching children float toy boats in a huge fountain．No one seemed to be in a hurry．Paris was beautiful．And I was here alone and suddenly not lonely．My sense of accomplishment overcoming my fear and weakness had left me feeling free．I wore out two pairs of shoes during my week’s stay in Paris．I did everything there was to do, and it was the greatest week of my European vacation．I returned home, becoming a believer in the power of traveling alone．Now when I meet difficulties I just say to myself, “If I can go to Paris, I can go anywhere．”
1. What happened on my first metro ride?
| A．I came across a skillful thief． |
| B．I bravely caught a thief trying to steal |
| C．The thief successfully stole my purse |
| D．I scared away a thief trying to steal |
| A．had just gone through a big fire |
| B．was in very poor conditions |
| C．had a good sight through the window |
| D．was very small and untidy |
| A．I was not lonely when I got to Paris． |
| B．I felt frightened travelling alone in Paris at first． |
| C．I then felt not lonely for the people around me in Paris． |
| D．I had a lot of walking during my stay in Paris． |
| A．hasty | B．relaxed | C．anxious | D．aggressive |
| A．the power of being independent |
| B．the power of feeling free |
| C．the power of becoming optimistic |
| D．the power of overcoming difficulties |
