1 . At 5:30 am, carer（护工）Ivy Bowen's clock wakes her up. She puts on her uniform, and then walks to a bus stop to the hospital where she works. Two hours and two buses later, the 68-year-old arrives at 8:00 am, half an hour before her shift（轮班）.
For Tracey Griffiths and her son Carl, this half an hour has been life-changing. Because for nearly two years, Ivy has spent that time bringing Carl cups of tea and chatting. Thanks to these chats, as well as Ivy's devotion and caring skills, Carl has begun speaking again after four years of silence.
Four years ago, a serious accident left Carl unable to move and talk. When he did finally speak, one of his first words, unsurprisingly, was "Ivy". "Ivy is there and it makes a huge difference. Thanks to her, Carl's speech is coming on by leaps and bounds," says Tracey.
Ivy should have retired（退休）two years ago but she is still there, because she wants to be, and so do the hospital's managers and her grateful patients. Ivy is now in charge of 25 patients at the hospital. She makes tea and coffee for families as well as patients, and makes sure that everyone in her care gets enough fresh water. She also helps with feeding, giving creams or anything else that might need doing.
Ivy's great wish to improve the lives of patients has driven her to find other ways, in which she can help them out. For Ivy, the recipe for good care is simple. "Treat everyone as you would like to be treated yourself," she says. "I love everything about working at the hospital. To be able to come in, have a chat and change someone's day a bit, it means a lot."
1. When should Ivy Bowen begin her work every morning?| A．At 5:30. | B．At 7:30. |
| C．At 8:00. | D．At8:30. |
| A．To chat with the patients. | B．To give creams to the patients. |
| C．To feed all the patients. | D．To provide water for the patients. |
| A．Ivy's son. | B．Ivy's patient. |
| C．The nursing director. | D．A famous doctor. |
| A．Carl has great difficulty in keeping silent. |
| B．Carl makes a huge difference to Ivy's career. |
| C．Carl is too afraid to see the carers as well as doctors. |
| D．Carl has made progress in speaking with the help of Ivy. |
2 . After nearly two months of relative silence among new waves ofCOVID-19 pandemic infection in Japan, organizers of Tokyo Olympics on Wednesday released the first of playbooks that will instruct athletes, officials and members of the news media on the procedures they must follow at the rescheduled Games.
Already delayed by a year, the opening ceremony is now a little more than 120 days away. Organizers must find a way to accommodate and ensure the safety of more than 10,000 athletes who view this summer as the result of years of sacrifice and training.
For now, the best that organizers could offer were the outlines of a plan. Athletes and other attendees will not be required to be vaccinated (接种疫苗) or to quarantine (隔离) on arrival in Japan, but they will be subject to severe restrictions on movement and socializing. All athletes will be required to test negative for COVID-19 within 72 hours of their departure for Japan and give in to another test on arrival.
The organizers said the documents were not an end. They would wait until spring to decide if audiences will be permitted to travel to Tokyo. If fans are eventually allowed to attend, the documents suggest they be asked to express support for athletes only in the form of clapping, rather than singing or chanting. To track outbreaks, visitors from abroad will have to file a list of everyone they have close contact with during that initial 14-day period.
Olympic officials see some reason for optimism. In many parts of the world, professional sporting events have been held for months, though often with very few or no spectators at all, and nothing as large as the Summer Games.
1. Which is a function of the playbooks according to Paragraph 1?| A．Guiding athletes into facilities. | B．Teaching athletes to follow the steps of the Games. |
| C．Informing reporters of upcoming events. | D．Training officials in organizational work. |
| A．To prove COVID-19 negative with a test. |
| B．To be banned from moving around and socializing. |
| C．To test negative for COVID-19 within 72 hours of arrival. |
| D．To be vaccinated and to quarantine for at least 72 hours. |
| A．The playbooks mark the end of preparations for the Olympics. |
| B．Foreigners won’t be vaccinated because the pandemic will have ended. |
| C．Foreigners will report their initial 14-day’s close contacts. |
| D．Foreign visitors will flood to Japan to watch the Olympics. |
| A．It will be ever the most successful sporting event. |
| B．It is still unpredictable with uncertainties. |
| C．The number of spectators will be small. |
| D．Athletes worldwide will participate regardless of the pandemic. |
3 . Bats are mammals which give birth to live young and produce milk to feed them. Over sixty different kinds occur in Australia. Most eat insects, but eight feed only on flowers and fruit, and are known as fruit-bats or flying-foxes. Four of these are among the world's largest bats. They may weigh up to one kilogram and their wings may span（跨越）more than a meter.
The favorite food of flying-foxes is the blossom of eucalypts（桉树）and some other native trees, and various bush fruits. The bats are beneficial to the trees because they act as pollinators（传粉者）and dispersers（扩散器）of their seeds. The great distances they can fly means they carry pollen and seeds far from the parent tree.
Camps are places where the large flying-foxes gather during the day, sometimes in many thousands. Along the coast they may be in mangroves（红树林），further inland they are often in deep rainforests, and west of the Dividing Range they are usually along water-courses. Their location may be known only to a few local people. The same campsites tend to be used year after year, although not necessarily every year, or all year round.
Damage to cultivated fruit varies greatly from one year to the next and between different areas. The factors controlling it are not well understood. Some areas rarely experience attacks, others do so most years, Widespread shortages of natural food, such as those occur during droughts, may cause large numbers of animals to move well beyond their usual range in search of food. This applies particularly to Little Red Flying-foxes, which occur further inland than the other species.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?| A．The weight of bats. | B．The usual size of bats. |
| C．The main food of bats. | D．The species of bats. |
| A．They eat nothing but fruits. | B．They prefer fruit to flowers. |
| C．They are also known as fruit-bats. | D．They are known as the largest bats. |
| A．they eat harmful insects |
| B．they help trees to grow abundantly |
| C．they keep many native trees free of disease |
| D．they act as cleaners for trees and flowers |
| A．live in groups in the daytime | B．camp in places where there are no water |
| C．prefer mangroves to rainforests | D．camp in different places year after year |
4 . When you are travelling in Thailand, which means of transport is the best choice?
You can rent a variety of motorbikes or bikes in Thailand. It seems to be very popular in most of the beaches and islands along the places in the north. The most popular bikes are the little 125 cc Honda Dream which you can get for about 150 baht (铢)a day or as little as 3,000 baht per month, making it the cheapest way to tour Thailand for the people from other countries.
Sometimes you will have to go somewhere by taxi. When you are in cities in Thailand, especially in Bangkok, always remember to get a taxi that is traveling on the roads. Some drivers outside hotels refuse to use the meter (计程表). They will ask a price which is several times the price when they use the meter!
The quality of the roads in Thailand is generally pretty good, so renting cars is another way to get around. The big car rental companies may offer you slightly older cars at a very reasonable price. It is a little surprising considering that the cost of buying a car in Thailand is more than that in the West. Petrol is also reasonably priced in Thailand, more expensive than American prices, but much cheaper than what is paid in Europe. In the past, Bangkok could be a difficult place to drive in—signs were generally in Thai (泰语)only, making it a hard job to find exactly where you were by looking around. But now, the situation is improved. In a lot of places, even the farthest corners of the country, street signs are in both Thai and English.
1. To a foreigner, the cheapest way to get around Thailand is renting a ______.| A．car | B．taxi | C．bike | D．motorbike |
| A．To take a taxi going on the road. | B．To take a taxi parked outside hotels. |
| C．To make sure there is a meter in it. | D．To bargain with the driver over the price. |
| A．Because there were too many traffic jams on the roads. |
| B．Because there were no signs showing directions. |
| C．Because the signs were written only in their own language. |
| D．Because the quality of the roads was not good. |
| A．Entertainment | B．Tourism | C．Market | D．Advertisement |
5 . Unicycles are one-wheeled vehicles that developed from the original bicycle, the Penny Farthing, which consisted of a large front wheel and a much smaller back wheel. When this bike hit bumps(凸块) or suddenly slowed down, the back wheel came off the ground, so many riders learned to balance on just the front wheel. Thus, bicycle-makers began making vehicles with just one wheel.
Some of the benefits of riding a unicycle include burning calories, and increasing your levels of coordination (协调), concentration and balance. Because unicycles don’t have any handlebars, riders must balance, using only their abdominal (腹部的)muscles and leg muscles. This helps you build a healthier core. Long cycling sessions also increase your heart rate, which can lead to a healthier cardiovascular (心血管的) system. Riding a unicycle is an effective way to get in a low-impact workout for those with damaged knees and legs.
Unicycling is a fun activity regardless of your ability level. Riding a unicycle is self-motivating and psychologically stimulating because you will notice improvements each time you ride. Some people find that it gives them feelings of control when they can achieve balancing and riding on just one wheel.
Some riders use their unicycles as their primary mode of transportation for work or school. Because unicycles don't require any type of fuel, you can save money at pump. Unicycles also have only a few moving parts that might break. This means that you typically don't have to spend much money on repairs. You also won' t need to spend money on storing or transporting your unicycle.
Unicycling is a somewhat uncommon activity. Because of this, a sense of unity tends to grow among unicycle riders. Many riders travel significant distances just to go on rides and spend time with other unicyclists. Unicycling is often a family activity, and riding together can bring family members closer.
1. Why were one-wheel vehicles created?| A．Because it was more beneficial for one's health. |
| B．Because it was more likely to avoid road bumps. |
| C．Because the front wheel only could also be used for balancing. |
| D．Because a bicycle’s back wheel wasn’t fixed well. |
| A．Having a handlebar. | B．Stopping a unicycle. |
| C．Increasing strength. | D．Balancing a unicycle. |
| A．Typical features of cycling. | B．Basic modes of transportation. |
| C．Economic benefits of unicycling. | D．Ways to store and transport unicycles. |
| A．introduce benefits of unicycling | B．show how unicycles are spread |
| C．display varieties of unicycles | D．advocate cycling for teenagers |
6 . Well, to pick up where we left off last time, I believe all of you know now how plastics developed. But a piece of sad news, every year about 8 million metric tons of plastic is thrown into our oceans. That's as much as a truckload of plastic waste every minute. As you may know, plastic waste chokes and hooks turtles and seabirds. Worse still, plastic pieces are often mistaken for food by marine (海洋的)animals. Tiny pieces of plastic are even blocking the stomachs of marine creatures and fish.
According to Plastic Oceans, packaging accounts for just over 40% of total plastic usage. Annually approximately 500 billion plastic bags are used worldwide. More than 1 million bags are used every minute. 14% of all litter comes from beverage containers (plastic bottles). Sadly, a plastic bag has an average “working life” of 15 minutes. Over the last 10 years we have produced more plastic than during the whole of the last century. Plastic takes 500 years to break down. Once it enters our environment, it stays there.
This is why it is important to stop using plastic items that we use for about 15 minutes before we dispose of it. Hopefully, we can help put an end to plastic pollution by choosing not to use single use plastic items, such as plastic bags and straws. And this July, people around the world will take a pledge(请愿)to live a plastic free life. You can either give up the top four ——straws, bottles, bags and coffee cups or you can refuse as much single use plastic as you can every day. Another way to help reduce the problem is to take part in beach clean-ups. On the first Saturday of every month Clean C, an initiative that gets volunteers to clean up our beaches, hosts beach clean-ups on beaches across Cape Town. You can find details of upcoming events on their website.
1. What was probably talked about last time?| A．The history of plastics. | B．The creation of plastics. |
| C．When plastics was made. | D．How plastics was created. |
| A．Plastic packaging is still on the rise. |
| B．Plastic bottles are the most serious global problems. |
| C．Plastics can break down within centuries. |
| D．Single-used plastics contributes to ocean pollution. |
| A．take control of | B．go in for | C．get rid of | D．watch out for |
| A．To appeal to factories to stop making plastics. |
| B．To call on people to refuse plastic pollution. |
| C．To organize activities to clean up the beaches. |
| D．To gather volunteers to protect the marine animals. |
7 . The kids get Christmas decorations out of a well-loved cardboard box with great care. Jenny stands beside them, softly explaining each treasure. She and Bob built their collection piece by piece during each year's after — Christmas sale.
We first met Bob and Jenny in the early days of our marriage. Someone had been returning our garbage cans to the garage each garbage day. Then one day we spotted him: an elderly man who lived across the street. I left cookies outside the garage with a thank-you note. Later that day, a typed letter had replaced the gift. It was from Bob and explained how he would come to walk the neighborhood on garbage day, returning cans for people he barely knew. Back when he had been fighting a war, his young wife, Jenny, had found herself living alone. Neighbors had taken the time to handle her garbage cans so she didn't have to ...
A few years after we had moved in, Bob died. We told Jenny how special Bob had been to us. When Jenny invited us over to look through Christmas ornaments, I realized how hard it was to part with that box, a piece of Bob.
These days, we're piling up boxes of our own. We're planning a move. The house that seemed so huge six years ago is fully filled with furniture and books and, of course, people. We know it's time to go, and yet we can't seem to stick the For Sale sign up.
It's not just Jenny. It's the man who lets our kids pick peaches in his front yard. It's the ladies who leave overflowing baskets for our kids on Easter. It's the officer who smiles and makes me feel a little safer when Jim's away. Thank you, I'll say. For teaching us what it means to be a neighbor.
1. Why did Bob handle garbage cans for his neighbors?| A．To help those in need of financial aid. |
| B．To repay his neighbors' unselfish help. |
| C．To set an example for the next generation. |
| D．To persuade the neighbors of his greatness. |
| A．Wise and positive. | B．Helpful and caring. |
| C．Hardworking and brave. | D．Grateful and energetic. |
| A．The house isn't big enough for the family. |
| B．There is a better place for the family to live. |
| C．She gets fed up with all the garbage cans. |
| D．Her kids need a better education in the future. |
| A．It is hard to say goodbye | B．How can we leave our home? |
| C．What it means to be a neighbor | D．This is what we call harmony |
8 . From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud, before the teacher and other children, so that we can be sure they “know” all the words they are reading. This means that when they don't know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years, I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.
One day soon after school had started, I said to them, “Now I’m going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that’s enough for me. Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean.”
The children sat stunned and silent. Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished. Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, “Mr Holt, do you really mean that?” I said just as seriously, “I mean every word of it.”
During the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk. From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, “It can’t be.” and went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick, in edition with woodcuts. I said, “Don’t you find parts of it rather heavy going?” She answered, “Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”
This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is, an exciting, joyous adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else. How different is our mean-spirited, picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of “understanding” that can be dug out of a book!
1. According to the passage, children’s fear and dislike of books may result from________.| A．reading little and thinking little | B．reading often and adventurously |
| C．being made to read too much | D．being made to read aloud before others |
| A．it sounded stupid | B．it was not surprising at all |
| C．it sounded too good to be true | D．it was no different from other teachers' talk |
| A．She skipped over those easy parts while reading. |
| B．She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks. |
| C．She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books. |
| D．She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school. |
| A．children cannot tell good parts from bad parts while reading |
| B．children should be left to decide what to read and how to read |
| C．reading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in school |
| D．reading involves understanding every little piece of information |
9 . Mareus Eriksen was studying plastic pollution when he met camel expert Ulrich Wernery. He went deep into the desert and spotted a camel skeleton（骨架）.Eriksen was not prepared for what he saw in the desert. It was justappalled," he said. “Inside the camel's body was a mass as big as a medium-sized suitcase, all plastic bags. "
Wernery is a scientist working in a researeh lab in Dubai. Since 2008. Wernery s team has examined 30,000 dead camels. Of these, 300 had gutspacked with plastic. As camels wander in the desert, they eat plastic bags and other trash that drift into trees and pile up along roadsides. "To a camel, if it s not sand, it's food," explains Eriksen.
Tightly packed masses of indigestible things can build up in the gut of people or animals. Scientists call them bezoars. Normally, these are made of vegetable fibers or hair. Wernery and Eriksen call those found in the camels “polybezoars”. It points to their origin：plastic polymers.
A bezoar can be dangerous. As it fills the stomach. an animal may stop eating. No longer feeling hungry, they might starve to death. Plastic can also release harmful chemicals. The polybezoars may even carry bacteria that can poison camels.
In a new study, Eriksen and Wernery report data suggesting that each year these polybezoars are killing off around 1 in every 100 of camels. Of five camel bezoars analyzed for this study, the plastic content ranged from 3 to 64 kilograms. "If 1 percent mortality（死亡率）due to plastic is confirmed by future and more detailed studies, then plastic pollution will certainly represent a reason of concern for camels." says Luca Nizzetto. an environmental scientist. Such studies are important, he says, because they "raise social awareness about this pollution”.
Banning plastic bags and single-use plastics is crucial for protecting camels and other wildlife, Eriksen says. “Plastic bags are escape artists. They blow out of garbage cans, out of landfills and out of people's hands. ”What's more, he adds, “They travel for hundreds of miles.”
1. What does the underlined word “appalled” in paragraph 1 most probably mean?| A．Ashamed. | B．Shocked. | C．Confused. | D．Annoyed. |
| A．They mistake them for food. | B．They have to survive on them. |
| C．They find them very delicious. | D．They are surrounded by them. |
| A．They make camels feel hungry. | B．They consist of vegetable fibers. |
| C．They are rare poisonous bacteria. | D．They are hard to digest for camels. |
| A．They can certainly lead to the ban on plastics. |
| B．They can educate people on plastic pollution. |
| C．They are quite simple but offer enough details.' |
| D．They are very convincing but less inspirational. |
10 . What is the best part of a typical relaxing summer day? Nothing is better than sitting in an armchair with a beer and some chips in your hand, enjoying the great comfort.
The much-loved combination of beer and chips is being exploited for the first time to deal with climate change. Chips firm Walkers has adopted a technique it says will cut CO2 emissions (排放) from its production process by 70%.
The technology will use CO2 captured from beer processing in a brewery (啤酒厂), which is then mixed with potato waste and turned into fertilizer. It will then be spread on UK fields to feed the following year’s potato crop. Creating fertilizer normally produces high CO2 emissions, but the technology adopted by Walkers makes fertilizer without generating CO2. So, the beer-and-chips combination performs a double function. It stops the emission of brewery CO2 into the atmosphere — and it saves on the CO2 normally generated by fertilizer production.
This Creative win-win solution was developed with an approval from the UK government by a 14-employee start-up called CCm. The fertilizer was experimented on potato seed beds this year, and next year Walkers will install CCm equipment at its Leicester factory to prepare for its 2022 crop.
A decision has not yet been made on which brewery Walkers will work with on this. The new technology adds to carbon-saving techniques already under way. The firm has installed an anaerobic digester (厌氧消化池), which feeds potato waste to bacteria to produce a useful gas. The gas is burned to make electricity for the chip-frying process — so this saves on burning gas or coal.
The new system will go a step further by taking away potato “cake” left after digestion — and mixing the brewery CO2 into it to make an enriched fertilizer which will help put carbon back into the soil as well as encouraging plant growth.
It’s an example of scientists finding ways to use CO2 emissions which otherwise would increase the over-heating of the planet.
1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?| A．To draw readers’ attention. |
| B．To entertain readers. |
| C．To show how useful beer and chips are to our life. |
| D．To introduce a way of life. |
| A．It will be totally cost-free. |
| B．It doesn’t consume any energy. |
| C．It will be a perfect solution to climate change. |
| D．It is environmentally-friendly. |
| A．How CO2 is turned into fertilizer. |
| B．How the technology stops CO2 emissions. |
| C．How an energy-saving green technology works. |
| D．The advantages of a new technology. |
| A．The technology will fix the problem of global warming. |
| B．Walkers has a wide range of partner choices.? |
| C．This technology will be adopted by many chips firms soon. |
| D．Scientists are seeking solutions to climate change. |
