1 . It's easy to understand why early humans domesticated (驯养)dogs as their new best friends, domesticated dogs can guard against fierce animals and provide warmth during cold nights. But those benefits only come following domestication. Despite more than a century of study, scientists have struggled to understand what caused the domestication process in the first place.
A new theory given by Maria Lahtinen, a senior researcher, might be able to explain this puzzle. She made this theory when studying die diet of late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers in Arctic and sub — Arctic. At that time, around 20,000 to 15,000 years ago, the world was buried in the coldest period of the last ice age. In cold environments then, as today, humans tended to gain the majority of their food from animals. Nutritional deficiencies (缺失) came from the absence of fat and carbohydrates (碳水化合物), not necessarily protein. Indeed, if humans cat too much meat, they can develop protein poisoning and even die. "Because we humans are not fully adapted to an all-meat diet, we simply cannot digest protein very well," Lahtinen says.
During the coldest years of the last ice age — and especially in lough Arctic and sub-Arctic winters — reindeer, wild horses and other animals that humans killed for food would have been struggling to live. Using previously published early fossil records, Lahtinen and her colleagues calculated that the game captured by people in the Arctic and sub-Arctic during this time would have provided much more protein than they could have safely consumed.
1. What has been confusing scientists in the past century?| A．How domesticated dogs benefited humans. |
| B．When humans began to domesticate dogs. |
| C．What led to dog domestication originally. |
| D．Why early humans made friends with clogs. |
| A．It can be fatal in a short period of time. |
| B．He will probably digest it very well. |
| C．He can develop carbohydrates poisoning. |
| D．He will survive the cold environment. |
| A．The fierce contests. | B．The hunting activities. |
| C．Wild animals or birds. | D．Some tricks or schemes. |
| A．They struggled with wild horses. |
| B．They shared extra meat with dogs. |
| C．They struggled to live a good life. |
| D．They had trouble adapting to the cold environment. |
2 . When British musician Paul Barton performs in central Thailand lately, the listeners react wildly. Some pull his hair or jump on his piano. Others steal his music. The behavior is normal, however, because these crowds are truly wild—wild monkeys to be exact.
Barton plays often to the animals in Lopburi, an area known for its populations of wild monkeys. The pianist hopes the music shows bring calm to the animals during the corona virus(COVID-19) crisis.
The disease has caused problems for the monkeys, too. They are hungry. The restrictions on tourism mean fewer people come to see the monkeys and feed them.
The monkeys quickly surround Barton when he plays Greensleeves, Beethoven's Fur Elise and Michael Nyman's Diary of Love. Some of the creatures sit on his chair, while others climb up his body and touch his head. But, Barton keeps his attention on his performance, even as a small monkey runs over his hands on the instrument. Other monkeys take control of his music papers. “I was glad and surprised to find that they were actually eating the music as I was playing it.”
The monkeys are Barton's latest animal fans. Past wildlife audience included elephants living in special protected areas. Barton hopes to raise people's awareness of the monkeys' hunger. At the same time, he hopes to study their behavior as they react to classical music.
“Come together and don't let the pandemic stop the wild monkeys getting good nutritious food. We need to make an effort to make sure that they eat properly. And when they eat properly they will be calmer,” said 59 -year-old Barton.
1. Why does the musician play to the wild monkeys?| A．To see the wild animals just being themselves. | B．To study their behavior as they react to pop music. |
| C．To raise money for the wild monkeys' hunger. | D．To help calm them during COVID -19 crisis. |
| A．Contemporary music. | B．Classical music. |
| C．Country music. | D．Popular music. |
| A．Stealing his music papers. | B．Eating his music papers. |
| C．Disturbing his performance. | D．Enjoying his playing |
| A．Wild monkeys like to play with the musician. | B．People will start to protect the wild monkeys. |
| C．The COVID-19 has damaged much to the world. | D．Music can make the wild animals more active. |
3 . Field Trips Your Students Actually Want to Go On
Some of the best memories from grade school are made at field trips. Field trips offer students something they can’t get from lectures or textbook pages — hands -on fun! Here are some metro Detroit attractions to visit with your students. They're great places to make memories and, of course, learn something too!
1. Belle Isle Nature Center （Detroit）
Availability: Wednesday, Thursday or Friday at 10:30 a. m. , 11 :30 a. m. or 12:30 p. m.
Admission : Free
Enjoy both indoor and outdoor animal exhibits. Programs include a deer feeding, a hands - on activity and discovery time.
2. Michigan Science Center （Detroit）
Availability: Wednesday-Friday （ hours vary, also Tuesdays from Oct. 8, 2021, to Jan. 7,2022）
Admission : Varies by experience you select
Interact with more than 250 hands -on exhibits that explore space, health, physical science, engineering and more.
3. Diamond Jack's River Tours （Detroit）
Availability: Monday - Friday, May 1 to Oct. 31,at 9 :30 a. m. , 10:30 a. m. , 11 :30 a. m. or 12:30 p. m.
Admission : $ 9/person
Sec 16 miles of the U. S. and Canada Detroit River shoreline, ocean-going and Great Lakes ships, a light house, die fire boat, parks, ship terminals, a mail boat and much more.
4. Arts & Scraps (Detroit)
Availability: Monday, Wednesday or Friday
Admission : Varies by age and number in group
Let your students' imaginations run wild. They'll think, create and learn while re-imagining recycled industrial materials. You can create a customized topic.
1. Which of the following field trips is related to astronomy?| A．Arts &Scraps. | B．Michigan Science Center. |
| C．Belle Isle Nature Center. | D．Diamond Jack's River Tours. |
| A．Teachers. | B．Parents. | C．Students. | D．Scientists. |
| A．They are lectures that take place in open fields. |
| B．They are camps that all charge for an entrance fee. |
| C．They are visits to study something away from school. |
| D．They are tours connected with nature and physical science. |
4 . Ms. Blake wanted to leave the San Francisco Bay Area. Her parents had bought a house on a large plot of land near a gateway to Yosemite National Park. Benjamin could stay with them while she worked at a supermarket in town. He could run around in the hills. What she hadn’t quite accounted for, though, is how the hills are becoming hotter, drier and more dangerous.
A year after they moved came the first of an annual series of wildfires, and an asthma diagnosis (哮喘诊断) for Benjamin. One year, they had to leave from their home for a few days. Another year, they bought air-conditioners so they could keep the windows shut when the air got thick and smoky. This year, just as it seemed like Benjamin’s asthma was relieving, came the Creek Fire in the hills nearby. The air turned white with smoke. The boy had what appeared to be a mild asthma attack.
Ms. Blake struggles to explain to him why he can't be outside exploring. She worries when he goes to school. She wonders how much longer the family will be able to insure their home if rates climb higher — and what they’ll do if insurance becomes unavailable at any price. “It seems every year there’s some major fire,” Ms. Blake said. “We're smoked out. It's hard to breathe. It's always a worry that you' re going to have to flee or you1 re going to lose your home.” She said she had spent in the neighborhood of $1,000 this year to equip her home. “To protect my son of course I’m going to do that,” she said. “But it' s fundamentally unfair.”
1. What can be learned from Paragraph 1-2?| A．Benjamin likes living in San Francisco Bay Area |
| B．Benjamin didn’t have an asthma before moving. |
| C．Ms. Blake stayed with her son while working. |
| D．Ms. Blake could explain how the hills are becoming drier. |
| A．To help cure Benjamin’s asthma. |
| B．To keep the air cool in hot summer. |
| C．To keep the air drier in the house. |
| D．To keep the windows shut when necessary. |
| A．Some dry brush and dead trees caused fire. |
| B．Series of wildfires attacked his living area. |
| C．The weather became hotter and drier. |
| D．The air got thick and smoky in the San Francisco Bay Area. |
| A．Anxious and angry. |
| B．Concerned and confused. |
| C．Unconcerned and uninterested. |
| D．Positive and hopeful. |
5 . To walk is to be human. We' re the only creature that gets around by standing up and putting one foot in front of the other. In the more than 4 million years that humanity' s ancestors have been u-sing only two legs for walking, our ability to walk upright has allowed humankind to travel great distances and survive changing climates, environments and landscapes.
But walking is more than just transportation. It also happens to be really good for us. Countless scientific studies have found that this simple act can provide a number of health benefits and help people live longer. In fact, a walking routine-if done properly-might be the only exercise people need.
How much walking should one aim for? You’ve likely heard we need 10,000 steps a day. That’s about 5 miles. But contrary to popular belief, this recommendation doesn’t come from science. Instead, it stems from a 1960s advertising campaign to promote a pedometer(计步器)in Japan. Perhaps because it's a round number and easy to remember, it stuck.
Since the 1960s, researchers have studied the 10,000 - steps - a - day standard and have turned up mixed results. Although 10,000 steps is certainly a healthy and worthwhile goal, it’s not a one - size - fits - all recommendation.
For instance, a recent Harvard University study involving more than 16,000 senior women found that those who got at least 4,400 steps a day greatly reduced their risk of dying early when compared with less active women. The study also noted that these benefits continued up to 7, 500 steps before leveling off. This 7,500 mark isn't surprising: It’s in line with common public health recommendations, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendation of 150 minutes of moderate (适度的) physical activity a week for adults.
Research has shown that picking up the pace might be a good idea, too-fast enough to raise your heart rate, even if just for a short burst.
1. Which statement will the author believe?| A．Walking 10000 steps a day fits us all who lack exercise. |
| B．Walking is the only exercise that unhealthy people need. |
| C．To be healthy, walking great distances is strongly suggested |
| D．The benefits of walking depend on frequency, intensity and duration |
| A．A walking routine | B．A round number |
| C．The popular belief | D．The pedometer Ads. |
| A．4,400 steps a day. | B．7,500 steps a day. |
| C．10,000 steps a day. | D．150 minutes a day. |
| A．The Only Exercise You Need-Walking |
| B．10,000 - Step Goal Is More Marketing Than Science |
| C．Walking Is One Of The Best Exercises For Health |
| D．Walk Often, Walk Fast And Walk Long |
6 . On the way to his home the child turned many times and beat the dog,declaring with childish gestures that he held him in contempt(茂视）as an unimportant dog.the dog apologized for being this quality of animal and expressed regret in fine form,but he continued stealthily to follow the child.
When the child reached his door-step,the dog was a few yards behind,moving slowly toward him.He became so anxious with shame when ho again faced the child that he forgot the dragging rope . He tripped(绊倒） upon it and fell forward.
The child sat down on the step and the two had another interview. During it the dog greatly exerted himself to please the child. He performed a few playful jumps with such abandon(尽情地） that the child suddenly saw him to be a valuable thing. He made a swift,greedy charge(猛冲）and seized the rope.
He dragged his captive(俘虏） into a hall and up many long stairways in a dark building. The dog made willing efforts, but he could not walk very skillfully up the stairs because he was very small and soft,and at last the pace of the child grew so energetic that the dog became panic-stricken. In his mind he was being dragged toward somewhere unknown. His ayes grew wild with the terror of it. He began to wiggle his head wildly and to brace his legs.
The child redoubled his efforts.They had a battle on the stairs.The child was victorious because he was completely absorbed in his purpose,and because the dog was very small.He dragged his acquirement to the door of his home,and finally with victory across the doorway.
No family member was in.The child sat down on the floor and made overtures to(向....示好） the dog.These the dog instantly accepted.He smiled with affection upon his new friend.In a short time they were firm and abiding(矢志不渝的）comrades.
1. What might have happened before the first paragraph?| A．The child had wanted to own the dog for a long time. |
| B．The dog had been someone else' s pet but lost his way. |
| C．The child had been looking for the lost dog for a long time. |
| D．The dog had been driven out of home by the child's family. |
| A．The dog's apology. |
| B．His first interview with the dog. |
| C．His pity on the dog. |
| D．The dog's pleasing performance. |
| A．The boy was naughty. |
| B．The dog was foolish. |
| C．The boy was a devoted friend. |
| D．The dog was a faithful friend. |
| A．Frightened-relieved-anxious-happy. |
| B．Worried-angry-scared-delighted. |
| C．Guilty-anxious-nervous-pleased. |
| D．Angry-regretted-scared-puzzled. |
7 . The first thing we notice about new people are their faces. The next time we see these people, we remember them because we remember their faces. This seems like a simple process. However, scientists found that it is not such a simple process. The section of the brain that is responsible for face recognition seems to work differently for different people. Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces, while others almost never forget a face.
Normal babies are born with a natural ability to recognize faces. In fact, their face recognition abilities are much better than their parents. Babies are highly skilled at face recognition at six months. But by nine months, they lose this skill, By nine months, a baby’s face-recognition skills are about the same as an adult’s.
Unfortunately, some people are not born with this ability to recognize faces. The part of the brain that is responsible for face recognition doesn’t work for them. This condition is called face blindness. People with very severe face blindness cannot even recognize their own faces. In fact, people with this condition can sometimes be frightened when they look in the mirror. They don’t recognize their own face, so for a second they are startled when they see this unfamiliar face.
Face blindness is not always severe. Scientists believe up to 10 percent of the population may be affected by face blindness to some degree, yet many people with mild face blindness might not even know they have it. They have no reason to know they are different from anyone else until someone points it out. This is similar to people with color blindness.
Colorblind people can’t see the difference between certain colors such as red and green, until someone tells them that green and red are two different colors.
There is no cure for face blindness. So for the time being. people with face blindness need to find simple techniques to compensate for their problem. They can try to recognize people by their hairstyle, their voice, or their glasses. Hopefully, in the future as scientists learn more about this condition, they will find a cure.
1. The first paragraph is mainly about ____________.| A．the way to improve one’s face-recognition skills |
| B．the fact that some people have face-recognition problems |
| C．the simple process of the brain to recognize others’ faces |
| D．the importance of face recognition in human communication |
| A．At birth. | B．In adolescence. |
| C．Half a year old. | D．Nine months old. |
| A．confused | B．surprised |
| C．excited | D．depressed |
| A．People need to take it seriously. | B．It affects a great number of people. |
| C．It can be cured in the near future. | D．Certain techniques can make up for it. |
8 . Wildfires can burn acres of land—and consume everything in their way—in mere minutes. On average, more than 100,000 wildfires clear 4 million to 5 million acres of land in the U.S. every year.
In recent year wildfires have burned up to 9 million acres of land. A wildfire moves at speeds of up to miles an hour, consuming everything—trees brush, home, even humans—in its path.
There are three conditions that need to be present in order for wildfire to burn, which firefighters refer to as the fire triangle: fuel, oxygen, and a heat source. Fuel is any flammable material surrounding a fire, including trees, grasses, brush and even homes. Air supplies the oxygen a fire needs to burn. Heat sources help spark the wildfire and bring fuel to temperatures hot enough to catch fire. Lightning, burning campfires or cigarettes, hot winds, and even the sun can all provide much heat to spark a wildfire.
Although four out of five wildfires are started by people, nature is usually more than happy to help fan the flames. Dry weather and drought change green vegetation into dry, flammable fuel; strong winds spread fire quickly over land; and warm temperatures encourage combustion. When these factors come together all that’s needed is spark—in the form of lightning, a downed power line, or a burning campfire or cigarette—to start a fire that could last for weeks and consume tens of thousands of acres.
These violent wildfires occur around the world, but they are most common in the US West where heat, drought, and frequent thunderstorms create perfect wildfire conditions.
Although often harmful and destructive to humans, wild fires play an important role in nature. They also remove disease—ridden plants and harmful insects from a forest ecosystem.
1. What are the numbers in paragraph 1 used for?| A．Introducing the wildfires started by people. |
| B．Showing how frequent and strong the wildfires are. |
| C．Warning people the harm of the wildfire. |
| D．Providing some statistical data about wildfires. |
| A．To use up. | B．To clear away. | C．To cup down. | D．To burn up. |
| A．A downed power line. | B．Burning campfire or cigarettes. |
| C．Heat and drought weather. | D．Lighting or hot winds. |
| A．Three conditions can cause a wildfire. |
| B．The most serious wildfires occur in the US. |
| C．Wildfires have advantages to a forest ecosystem. |
| D．Careful enough, a wildfire can be avoided. |
9 . Losing your luggage on a tight could soon be a thing of the past after an airline developed a bag that is impossible to lose. According to the latest industry figures, about 4 pieces of luggage will be lost on the average Boeing 747 flight. Passengers are most likely to lose a bag when changing flights, especially if the connection time is short.
One of the major reasons for luggage being lost is that the paper tags carrying the bar code (条形码) are ripped off as cases are shunted (使……转轨) along conveyor belts to the aircraft. It is this that lead to the loss of thousands of bags at airports every year.
This luggage technology, known as Bag2Go, involves fixing a satellite tracker and a bar code onto the suitcase. Using a smartphone, a passenger sends details of their flight to the airline which in turn sends back a bar code which is shown on the display unit of the case. Each bar code is unique carrying details of the traveller, flight and destination.
Once on board a plane, a passenger can use a smartphone application to check that the bag is in place and inform flight crew if it's not there. Should the bag be loaded onto the wrong plane, satellite technology and the bar code means that it will be easily traced. It will enable the case to be delivered to the correct destination and returned to its owner.
At the same time, the passenger can keep track of the bag with the help of a mobile phone application, which has a number of functions, including informing a passenger if somebody tries to tamper with the bag.
The technology is still being developed by Airbus, T-Systems, a telecommunications company and RIMOWA, a suitcase manufacturer.
Passengers will be able to buy the bags, although renting them is another possibility .The advanced technology means that there may be no luggage conveyor belts in our future, as the satellite technology could mean bags are transported independently and directly from your house to the airplane s hold and finally to your hotel.
1. What problem is the luggage technology meant to solve?| A．The problem of missing one’s luggage. |
| B．The problem of too much luggage on board. |
| C．The problem of boarding the wrong flight. |
| D．The problem of delayed flights. |
| A．Passengers can have their luggage at hand when boarding the plane. |
| B．It is equipped with a satellite tracker and a bar code. |
| C．It is only designed to get the lost luggage back. |
| D．It can transport your luggage directly to your hotel. |
| A．the airline knows the details of what is put inside the luggage. |
| B．using the luggage technology means sharing some details of the flight with the airline. |
| C．the airline arranges when and where the passenger changes flights. |
| D．a smartphone is a must for every passenger. |
| A．The case will be delivered to the correct destination and returned to its owner. |
| B．The flight crew will inform the passenger that the bag is not in place. |
| C．No one will be able to tamper with the bag once it’s traced. |
| D．The satellite tracker will send out warning message to the airport. |
10 . Most people aren’t good at creative problem solving for two reasons: First, they are not trained in how to be creative. Second, they don’t understand group strength well enough to harness(驾驭) their power to maximize group creativity.
A key element of creativity is applying existing knowledge to a new problem. The more people getting involved in solving it, the more knowledge there is to work on it. Unfortunately, research shows that the traditional brainstorming methods fail to achieve that goal. When groups get together to exchange ideas, they actually come up with fewer ideas overall than if they each had worked alone.
To fix this problem, you should consider the two stages of group problem-solving: divergence(分散) and convergence(集中). Divergence happens when the group considers as many different potential solutions as possible. Convergence happens when the various proposed solutions are evaluated and reduced to a smaller set of candidate solutions to the current problem.
The essential principle of group creativity is that individuals working alone diverge, whereas group members working together converge. In groups, once a member states a potential solution, it makes others think about the problem similarly. That is why groups working together diverge less than individuals working alone.
Therefore, be aware of when to diverge and when to converge. For example, early in the problem-solving process, have group members work alone to write down statements describing the problem. Then get them back to discuss their descriptions. The group discussion will lead everyone to accept one or a small number of these statements to work on—this is healthy convergence.
When starting to generate solutions, you again want divergence. Have people work alone to start. Then collect people’s initial ideas and send them around to others and allow the divergence to continue as everyone individually builds on the ideas of other members. Finally, let the group discuss the resulting ideas. This discussion will gradually lead the group to converge on a small number of candidate solutions.
This simple method works effectively, because it respects what individuals and groups do best.
1. We can infer that the traditional brainstorming methods ______.| A．enable people to form more ideas together |
| B．greatly encourage group creativity |
| C．actually limit group creativity |
| D．prevent people’s involvement in the problems |
| A．think the other way round | B．follow his way of thinking |
| C．be more confident in their own ideas | D．be less willing to share their own ideas |
| A．Discuss the problem. | B．Put down group statements together. |
| C．Simplify the problem. | D．Write down their individual descriptions. |
| A．A simple way to make group thinking more effective |
| B．Difficulties in organizing group thinking |
| C．Differences between divergence and convergence |
| D．Advantages of group thinking over individual thinking |
