1 . Life beneath the sea surface can be lovely and lively. But many organisms there produce poisonous chemicals to hunters. Divers are now collecting such poisons as drugs for human medicine.
Sharks aren't the scariest things in the ocean for scientists who dive to work. Powerful currents, creating where the ocean floor drops away, can be just as deadly. But the scientists who work underwater are trained to deal with these dangers. The rewards of research and underwater adventures are greater than the risks.
The sea may seem like a strange place to look for new drugs. But organisms in the ocean have had to adapt to a tough environment. The chemicals they make for survival might help people, too. More than 50 years ago, scientists discovered a new anticancer drug in a sea sponge. Since then, researchers have been hunting for more of such useful natural products in the seas.
With the help of underwater robots and small submarines, scientists are searching the seas—from shallow reefs to the ocean's great depths.
Bacteria living in the Arctic's cold waters break down their food using more different ways than organisms on land do. This process of turning food into energy for growth, activities and reproduction is called metabolism (新陈代谢). These pathways also produce chemicals called “secondary metabolites”. One day they also might help people.
During a fouryear project called PharmaSeas, scientists made thousands of extracts from those seafloor samples. In about a dozen of them, researchers found mixtures that can kill bacteria that some of today's antibiotics (抗生素) cannot kill. Three other newfound chemicals reduce epileptic seizures (癫痫病发作) in mice. Yet another compound may reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.
1. Why do sea organisms produce chemicals?| A．To warn themselves in the sea. | B．To benefit other creatures. |
| C．To change their environment. | D．To struggle for survival. |
| A．Medicinal value. | B．The way of hunting. |
| C．The way of breaking down food. | D．Importance to humans. |
| A．They have the same effects as today's medicine. |
| B．They have unique functions. |
| C．They can treat most diseases. |
| D．They can kill all bacteria. |
| A．Diving for New Medicines | B．Threats from the Ocean |
| C．Future Sources of Bacteria | D．Danger of Diving in the Sea |
2 . I have a neighbor who is a capable and fashionable seventy-year-old single woman. Her name is Grace. Grace was laid off from her job a little over two years ago and has been living off her savings ever since. She has not technically “retired”. Grace called me up one day about this time last year and asked if I had a ladder. She needed to clean out her gutters (雨水槽) and wanted me to hold the ladder.
She didn’t want me to climb up and clean the gutters: she just wanted me to hold the ladder. As it happened, did have ladder. However, being typical procrastinator (拖延者), I said, “The leaves are going to fall off the trees in a month. Why don’t we wait and do it then?” She agreed and naturally we didn’t talk about it again until spring. Spring in Tennessee is wild and we talked about it over the course of three weeks, during which time it rained nearly every day. Then got busy and Grace went into seclusion (隐居).
A couple weeks ago, she told me she’d been spending too much money and decided to apply for a tending job at a local hotel. Though I didn’t know much about today’s people, I’d never considered what it would be like to apply for and begin a new job at the age of seventy. I’m fifty-three and the closer get to that age, the more I think about how great it’ll be if I can just get out of bed when I’m seventy. Anyway she got the job, serving and tending guests at the hotel. She actually lived out her life motto.
The day she left for her training at 6:00 a.m., I walked across the street with my ladder and went to clean out her gutters.
1. What did Grace want to do this time last year?| A．Make a ladder. | B．Retire completely. |
| C．Do some cleaning work. | D．Ask the author to clear up her gutters. |
| A．Don’t compare yourself to others. | B．Just live the way you like. |
| C．Acknowledge you’re not alone. | D．It’s never too late to learn. |
| A．The author is a warm-hearted neighbor. |
| B．The author lives far away from Grace. |
| C．Grace likes her new job very much. |
| D．Grace’s new job is quite difficult. |
3 . Many people, some even at a very young age, set the goal of graduating from college. One American woman in Texas waited a long time for her chance to reach that goal.
The woman, 85-year-old Janet Feiin, received her bachelor's degree from the university of Texas in December, 2018.
Fein has had a full life. She raised five children and then had a career as a secretary until she retired at age 77. But even then, she was not ready to take it easy and rest during a well-earned retirement. She decided to major in sociology.
Fein grew up in the Bronx area of New York City. In high school, she just wanted to finish and get a job. After graduating early, at the age of 16, she went to work as a secretary.
After getting married, she spent 18 years staying home with her children. She held several jobs throughout her life, including being a secretary at a Dallas hospital. That is the job she retired from in 2011. She received an associate degree in 1995. But she also wanted to earn a bachelor's degree. Fein took part in a state program that lets people who are 65 and older take free classes at public universities in Texas.
She kept going to class even as her health condition worsened. During her studies, it became necessary for her to use a walker to get around and she required oxygen. She also developed knee problems. So, Fein took online classes to finish the last part of her degree requirements.
Renee Brown is one of Fein's caregivers. She says Fein has alsostimulatedher. At 53, she plans to begin nursing school to further her career. Brown says Fein told her, "Renee, you can do it. If I can do it you also can do it, and you will feel so good about it.
1. When did Janet Fein start to work?| A．In 1933 | B．In 1950 | C．In 1995 | D．In 2012. |
| A．Sociology | B．Secretary | C．History | D．Heath |
| A．Shock | B．Disappoint | C．Employ | D．Inspire |
| A．A friend in need is a friend indeed. | B．It is never too late to learn. |
| C．Practice makes perfect. | D．When in Rome, do as the Romans do. |
4 . How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments－mostly for entertainment purposes－is fair and respectful?
Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.
Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ name, diet, and natural range(分布区). The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals’ natural needs.
The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusually self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.
Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding(圈养繁殖) of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven’t we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?
Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.
1. In the state of zoochosis, animals _________.| A．remain in cages | B．behave strangely |
| C．attack other animals | D．enjoy moving around |
| A．Zoos are not worth the public support. |
| B．Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals. |
| C．Zoos should treat animals as human beings. |
| D．Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment. |
| A．pointing out the faults in what zoos do |
| B．using evidence he has collected at zoos |
| C．questioning the way animals are protected |
| D．discussing the advantages of natural habitats |
| A．zoos have to keep animals in small cages |
| B．most animals in zoos are endangered species |
| C．some endangered animals are reproduced in zoos |
| D．it’s acceptable to keep animals away from their habitats |
5 . ACTIVITY SCHEDULE FOR THE COMING WEEK
MONDAY 25th | A SHORT TOUR OF BRIGHTON TO HELP ORIENTATE NEW STUDENTS TO THE LOCAL AREA. Meet outside the school at 13:20. | WELCOME NEW STUDENTS We have 8 new students this week, so come along to the Clifftonville inn on George Street at 8:30 to give them a warm welcome. |
TUESDAY 26th | PARTY PREPARATIONS | CALLING ALL STUDENTS TO COME BACK TO SCHOOL AT 7:00 TO HELP Making costumes and decorations for the party on Thursday The more people that come, the better the party will be. |
THURSDAY 28th | FANCY DRESS HALLOWEEN PARTY | COME ALONG AND CELEBRATE THIS CREEPY FESTIVAL WITH MUSIC, FOOD AND SPOOKY DECORATIONS… |
FRIDAY 29th | FOOTBALL MATCH AT 16:00 AT HOVE PARK If you would like to pay, sign on the board. | FREE TIME |
SATURDAY 30th TRIPS BY TRAIN | LONDON AND HALLOWEEN SPECIAL Includes a trip to the London Dungeons, Camden Lock market, the infamous Clink Prison and Chessington theme park for their Halloween evening, plus much more…£21. | LEWES BONFIRE NIGHT AND SUSSEX COUNTRYSIDE TOUR This mid week tour leaves Brighton at 13:30 and includes an afternoon visit to the famous Seven Sisters, Beachy Head, and cider tasting at Middle Farm. A stop will be made at a country pub for dinner before we move on to Lewes for their annual bonfire parade and fireworks… Only £10 |
1. We can infer that the school in the text is nearest to _______.
| A．London | B．Sussex |
| C．Lewes | D．Brighton |
| A．for a gathering to start a short tour |
| B．to prepare for the party |
| C．to give the new students a warm welcome |
| D．to celebrate the fancy dress Halloween party |
a. Seven Sisters b. Middle Farm c. a country pub
d. Brighton e. Beachy Head
| A．daebc | B．adecb |
| C．daceb | D．adebc |
6 . Tell a child they need to experience another painful medical procedure, and you’ll probably have a kid filled with fear and anxiety. Tell that same child they’ll have a chance to strike flying cheeseburgers in outer space while their doctor works on them, and they might feel a little different.
That night-and-day difference in how kids respond to the treatment of their doctors is the reason for Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford’s innovative use of virtual reality technology. Packard Children’s lets kids participate in experiences that can significantly reduce their anxiety — and even their pain.
This isn’t the first time Packard Children’s has introduced those innovative methods. In 2015, Thomas Caruso, M.D., the founder of Packard Children’s Childhood Anxiety Reduction through Innovation and Technology (CHARIOT) program, introduced the Bedside Entertainment and Relaxation Theater (BERT). The system projects videos on a large screen attached to patients’ gurneys(装有轮子的床) so they can watch movies and music videos all the way to the operating room. And in early 2017, CHARIOT launched an interactive video game called Sevo the Dragon, which projects on the BERT screen, so the tiniest patients have something fun to do while breathing medicine through a mask.
“Children shouldn’t grow up being afraid to go to the doctor to have a shot, but certain experiences can cause strong unreasonable fear that last into adulthood. Needle phobia(晕针) is a common example of that, and it is the primary reason adults avoid important immunizations(免疫) like flu shots.” Caruso told Stanford Medicine News Center.
VR distraction therapy is being used for kids at Packard Children’s as young as age 6 in specific areas like the emergency department, and the tool will be widely used in all of the Children’s Health’s surgery clinics by the end of 2020.
1. What is paragraph 1 mainly about?| A．Doctors’ favor of eating cheeseburgers. |
| B．Kids’ fear and anxiety towards doctors. |
| C．Doctors’ working on saving the children. |
| D．Kids’ different reactions to medical treatment. |
| A．To ease the patients’ worries. |
| B．To introduce a new technology. |
| C．To help children to breathe medicine. |
| D．To show advertisements to the patients. |
| A．A kind of flu. | B．The fear of needle for no reason. |
| C．The immune system. | D．A kind of medicine for children. |
| A．disappointing | B．conventional |
| C．relaxing | D．unreasonable |
7 . Great Activities for Nature Lovers
Hiking
One of the easiest and most accessible ways to get close to nature is by setting out on a good old fashioned hike. Hiking generally doesn’t require any fancy equipment or special skills, just a piece of map and a thirst for adventure. This activity can be as relaxing as you make it.
Backcountry Camping
Why limit yourself to just a day hike when you can have a full weekend (or longer) adventure? Backcountry camping involves packing your tent, sleeping gear, food, and water on your back to set up camp in a remote location. If you’re an experienced hiker and camper, this is an excellent way to test your survival skills and explore the wilderness.
Mountain and Road Biking
Unlike long hikes through the woods, biking allows you to cover more ground and travel farther in nature. Mountain biking typically involves riding up and down steep slopes, between trees, and over rocks. If this sounds too intense or your tires aren’t suited for rugged terrain, consider taking a road bike on paved trails through forest preserves or along country roads.
Gardening
Contrary to popular belief, you don’t have to travel beyond your own backyard to experience the beauty of nature every day. If your personality is less adventurous or your mobility restricted, consider planting a garden to grow your own vegetables, fruits, herbs, or flowers. There’s something truly satisfying about mixing up a salad with fresh ingredients you grew yourself. One of the best parts about spending time in nature is that it doesn’t have to break your budget and anyone can do it.
1. What does hiking need for hikers?| A．A world map. | B．A strong desire. |
| C．Practical skills. | D．Necessary equipment. |
| A．To a backyard. | B．To a forest. |
| C．To a mountain. | D．To a distant place. |
| A．Hiking | B．Backcountry Camping |
| C．Gardening. | D．Mountain and Road Biking |
8 . I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.
Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright(剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and action. A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme. It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright. However, a variety of types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. To show the versatility(多面性) of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play.
Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton Wilder, William Saroyan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the theater. More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book.
To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience. The houselights dim(变暗). The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.
1. What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?| A．He has written dozens of plays. | B．He has a deep love for the theater. |
| C．He is a professional stage actor. | D．He likes reading short plays to others. |
| A．Stating the plays’ central ideas. | B．Selecting works by famous playwrights. |
| C．Including various types of plays. | D．Offering information on the playwrights. |
| A．Control their feelings. | B．Apply their acting skills. |
| C．Use their imagination. | D．Keep their audience in mind. |
| A．A short story. | B．An introduction to a book. |
| C．A play review. | D．An advertisement for a theater. |
9 . The true Olympic spirit has been displayed by Canadian cross-country ski coach Justin Wadsworth, who helped Russian athlete Anton Gafarov with his broken ski during the Men’s Sprint Free Semifinals.
Gafarov’s start wasn't smooth. He fell three times, crashing early in the race and breaking his ski. It was clear that Gafarov was out of the race for the men's finals and wouldn't be able to compete for medals. Still, he wanted to finish in front of the home crowd. but his left ski was too badly damaged in the crash and its base had come off. The Russian skier faced finishing the race by walking to the line, not skiing.
However, the Russian's fall was seen by Canadian coach Justin Wadsworth, who immediately ran on to the course and helped Gafarov. “I went over and gave him one of Alex Harvey's, a member of the Canadian team who didn’t qualify for the finals. It was about giving Gafarov some dignity so he didn't have to walk to the finish area,” Wadsworth said. “We help because we know everyone works so hard in our sport,” says Wadsworth, who was an Olympic skier for the S before becoming a coach. “Everyone wants fair results. It was a matter of allowing Gafarov to finish the race.”
Gafarov was thoughtful about his performance. “My fall cost me a broken ski and a pole,” said Anton Gafarov, adding that he decided to continue fighting for the finals despite all the difficulties.
Gafarov believed the race should be finished in any way possible. “It was a matter of principle to hold on to the end,” he added. He is not devastated (毁灭) by his failure and is eager to take part in the next Winter Olympics despite back problems due to injuries.
1. What happened to Gafarov during the Men's Sprint Free Semifinals?| A．He dropped his ski in the unlucky crash. |
| B．He gave up the race after falling three times. |
| C．He lost the gold medal for the men's finals. |
| D．He had his ski broken in the early race. |
| A．He felt pity for Gafarov's bad luck in the race. |
| B．He knew what price Gafarov paid for the competition. |
| C．He was angry with his player' s not qualifying for the finals. |
| D．He once worked hard to become an Olympic skier for Canada. |
| A．Every dog has its day. | B．Rome isn't built overnight. |
| C．There is no end to learning. | D．Never give up in face of difficulty. |
| A．The Olympic Spirit. | B．The Touching Moment. |
| C．The Meaning of Sports. | D．The Winning Gold Medal. |
10 . Until the 1990s coffee was rarely served in China except at luxury hotels aimed at foreigners.
When Starbucks opened its first outlet there in 1999 it was far from clear that the country’s enthusiastic tea drinkers would take to such a different and usually more costly-source of caffeine.
Starbucks tried to entice（引诱）customers unused to coffee’s bitter taste by promoting milk- and sugar-heavy mixtures such as Frappuccinos （星冰乐）.
Starbucks now has about 3,800 outlets in China- more than in any other country outside America.
Coffee has become fashionable among the middle class. Statista, a business-intelligence portal（门户网站），says the roast coffee market in China is growing by more than 10% a year. Starbucks and its rivals see big future for expanding there.
Since its founding less than two years ago, Luckin-a newly-founded coffee brand in China- has opened more than 2,300 outlets. On May 17th Luckin's first public offering on the NASDAQ stock market raised more than $570m, giving it a value of about $4 billion. Most of Luckin’s outlets are merely small shops where busy white-collar workers pick up their drinks, having ordered them online. Super-fast delivery can also be arranged through the company’s app,
The high-class end of the market is prosperous too.
Where better to sip and WeChat? It’s not just the drink that appeals, it’s the chance to share pictures of it.
1. In order to develop its business in China, Starbucks .| A．tried hard to promote classic American coffee |
| B．only recommended costly coffee to Chinese customers |
| C．mixed Frappuccinos with lots of milk and sugar |
| D．adapted its coffee to suit the taste of Chinese customers |
| A．be fond of | B．carry away |
| C．dislike | D．get to know |
| A．prove the good taste of its coffee to customers |
| B．indicate the popularity of coffee drinking in China |
| C．show that Starbucks has failed in the competition in China |
| D．explain its contributions to the American stock market |
| A．it appeals to high class only |
| B．it provides super-fast delivery |
| C．it meets people’s social demand |
| D．it works with WeChat to share pictures |
