1 . Have you ever wondered if you see the same colours as other people? Most people know what blue is when they see it. They call it "blue” because they were taught the word and connected it with what they saw. But how do you know what you see as blue isn't someone else's red?
The ability to perceive （感知）different colours is up to receptors （接受器）in our eyes. Light waves hit these receptors and they react depending on which colour the light is, sending signals to the brain. The brain then reads these signals to determine which colour light the eyes are receiving.
Some people's receptors are more developed than others. The inability of the receptor to feel the light waves correctly means that some people cannot tell the differences between similar colours. Those with more developed receptors can see more colours. We sometimes hear people having an argument about whether something is dark blue or black. It might be because one person has stronger receptors to feel the light than another.
In the past, most scientists would argue that everyone saw colours in the same way. However, research was conducted on monkeys, in which their receptors were changed. This enabled them to see more colours than usual. Normally monkeys can only see blue and green, but the change allowed them to see red. Their brains automatically got used to new colours. This suggests that our brains may find new colors of the things we see. Colours could be a very personal experience , unique to everyone.
So, the next time you talk about your favourite colour, just remember if yours is blue and your friend says red, you two might actually be thinking about the same colour. What if everyone in the world has the same favourite colour, but just calls it different names?
1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?| A．How we perceive colours. |
| B．The inability to see colours. |
| C．What the brain does with signals. |
| D．The connection between receptors and light waves. |
| A．Some people cannot feel colours with their developed receptors. |
| B．The more light people feel, the weaker receptors they have. |
| C．People with poor receptors usually have colour weakness. |
| D．People who have strong receptors can see dark blue. |
| A．To test the monkeys with colours. |
| B．To develop the receptors of humans. |
| C．To enable monkeys to find more colors. |
| D．To prove everyone sees colours in a different way. |
| A．A film review. | B．A science magazine. |
| C．An art journal. | D．A business newspaper. |
2 . Emily Harrington climbed her way into the history books last week, becoming the first woman to free-climb the Golden Gate route（路线）of Yosemite National Park's EI Capitan in less than one day. EI Capitan is considered one of the most difficult rock climbing places in the world. She topped the 3,000-foot mountain last Wednesday in 21 hours, 13 minutes and 51seconds.
Free-climbing-the method Harrington used-requires climbers to use their hands and feet to push themselves up, but they wear ropes and other protective equipment in case of a fall. However, it is not without its dangers: One of Harrington's climbs on El Capitan last year landed her in the hospital.
This year it was not all plain sailing. As Emily began her climb a little past 1:30 a. m, she kept telling herself: "Slow is smooth, smooth is fast." At one especially difficult point in the climb, as her hands, covered with sweat, reached for her next move, she fell over and knocked her head against a rock. The injury wasn't serious, but Harrington, bloody, tired and defeated, considered stopping. After taking a rest and putting a bandage（绷带）on her forehead, Harrington got back to work. She reached the top at 10:30 p.m., welcomed by close friends and her husband-to-be, Adrian Ballinger.
"I think the reason it was successful was kind of a mixture of finally being prepared enough, finally having the experience required, having the fitness and the training, as well as a little bit of luck," Harrington said.
Harrington celebrated the moment, like many would, with a bit of Champagne. Now that one life dream is out of the way, Harrington said she and Ballinger plan to take a break from the "big goals" for a while.
1. How does Emily make a history?| A．By going across a park in 21 hours. |
| B．By becoming a woman free-climber. |
| C．By reading a number of history books. |
| D．By free-climbing a mountain in one day. |
| A．Introduce the topic of the text. |
| B．Give description of a relaxing sport. |
| C．Add information about free-climbing. |
| D．Discuss possible dangers of climbing. |
| A．Told herself to slow down. |
| B．Continued to climb after a while. |
| C．Turned to her close friends for help. |
| D．Rested against a rock for several hours. |
| A．To have a rest | B．To set big goals. |
| C．To celebrate her success. | D．To take up new sports. |
| A．Calm and creative. | B．Clever and lucky. |
| C．Kind and imaginative. | D．Brave and determined. |
3 . Robots that can cook are in growing demand(需求)in the United States. The increased demand comes at a time when restaurants are trying to put some distance between their workers and customers during the COVID-19.
In a few weeks, White Castle restaurants will test a robot arm that can cook French fries and other foods. The robot, called Flippy, is a product of Miso Robotics, a company based in Pasadena, California.
Robot food service was becoming popular even before the coronavirus pandemic(冠状病毒). Hospitals, college dining areas and other places tried to meet demand for food while keeping labor costs low. Robot chefs appeared at places like Creator, a restaurant in San Francisco. Now, some say, robots may become necessary for the food service industry. "I expect in the next two years you will see much more robotic adoption(采纳)in the food space because of COVID-19," Jain said.
Some peoples say, robots can lower the demand for labor. At the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences in Little Rock, cafe workers used to spend six hours per day making salads, notes Tonya Johnson, the school's director of nutrition services. But two years ago, the university added a Sally, a kind of robot that now makes around 40 salads per day. By adding Sally, the school was able to cut a job opening in its cooking staff, Johnson said. "I think the pandemic has made us realize how much we need more equipment like Sally," Johnson said.
Miso Robotics co-founder and chief Buck Jordan said fast food restaurants are already having trouble finding workers, partly as a result of a losing population of young workers. Jordan added that his company's position is that "automation(自动化)is not a choice". He added, "You must automate in order to survive in the future."
1. Why is robot food service becoming popular?| A．It can take the place of human beings in the future. |
| B．It can shorten the distance between workers and customers. |
| C．It can meet the demand for food and reduce the cost of labor. |
| D．It can make all kinds of delicious food in a very short time. |
| A．It is just a common robot like others. | B．It is useless to improve the speed of work. |
| C．It makes as many salads as workers. | D．It helps the school employ fewer workers. |
| A．Worried. | B．Supportive. | C．Doubtful. | D．Uncaring. |
| A．The popularity of robots in the food space. |
| B．The reason for choosing robots in restaurants. |
| C．More demand for robot cooks in US restaurants. |
| D．The difficulties in finding enough labor workers. |
4 . As a boy growing up in India, I had longed to travel abroad. I used to listen to the stories my father would tell me about his stay in Canada and tours to Europe in the 1990s, with great interest. My big moment finally came in the summer of 2010 when I was able to accompany my parents to Europe. We planned to travel to Belgium, Netherlands and Germany.
I had heard several great things about Lufthansa till then but now I finally got to experience them first hand, during the flight to Frankfurt. We flew business class and even today I can remember the excellent service by the Lufthansa crew. The flight was really smooth and thoroughly enjoyable, even for someone like me, who is otherwise scared of flying.
After spending almost two weeks in Europe, we took the Lufthansa airport express from Dusseldorf to Frankfurt airport, for our return flight. What a journey that was! All along the Rhine(莱茵河)，it was simply an unforgettable experience. I was in a sombre mood on the flight back to Mumbai as it marked the end of a wonderful vacation, but the Lufthansa crew members were able to change it into a most enjoyable experience yet again, with the quality of their service.
Being the first airline to take me overseas, Lufthansa will always hold a special place in my heart. Even today, I continue to enjoy flights on Lufthansa and simply cannot dream of choosing any other airline.
1. Which country does the author live in now?| A．Belgium. | B．Germany. | C．India. | D．Canada. |
| A．Happy. | B．Sad. |
| C．Angry. | D．Enjoyable. |
| A．He likes Lufthansa very much. |
| B．He has achieved much success in life. |
| C．He hopes his father will travel with him. |
| D．He has a hard time when flying just like his father. |
5 . It's school time again! You're probably feeling excited and maybe a little sad for the vacation is over. Some kids feel nervous or a little scared on the first day of school because of all the new things: new teachers, new friends, and maybe even a new school. Luckily, these “new” worries only stick around for a little while. Let's find out more about going back to school.
Most teachers start the school year by introducing themselves and talking about what you'll be doing that year. Some teachers give students a chance to tell something about themselves to the rest of the class.
When teachers do the talking on the first day, they often go over classroom rules so you'll know what's allowed and what's not. Pay close attention so you'll know if you need to raise your hand to ask a question and what the rules are about visiting the restroom.
You might have already known a lot of people in your class on the first day. But it's a great day to make new friends, so try to say “hello” to the kids you know and new ones that you don't. Make the first move and you'll be glad about what you did and so will your new friends!
Most teachers let you pick your own seat on the first day, but by the second or third morning, they'll have mapped out a seating plan. It's a good idea to write down where your seat is in your notebook so you don't forget.
Here are a few final tips for a fantastic (奇异的) first day: Get enough sleep. Have a healthy breakfast. Try your best. Develop good work habits, like writing down your assignments (作业) and handing in your homework on time. Take your time with schoolwork. If you don't understand something, ask the teacher.
1. What can we conclude from the first paragraph?| A．All students feel excited about a new term. |
| B．All teachers let students pick their seats. |
| C．New school worries do not last very long. |
| D．Being hard－working helps make new friends. |
| A．turn to their teachers | B．write them down |
| C．ask their parents | D．help with each other |
| A．To offer students some advice on starting a new school term. |
| B．To encourage students to work harder in a new school term. |
| C．To remind children of the importance of starting school. |
| D．To introduce a way to improve students' learning ability. |
6 . The name England comes from the words “Angle land”. The Angles were people who came from northern Germany in the 5th and 6th centuries, after the Romans had left. The French name for England is Angleterre, which also means “Angle land”. There were also invasions (侵略) of southern England by Saxons and Jutes (people from another part of northern Germany). English people are sometimes called Anglo－Saxons. The Celts who used to live in this area were forced to move back into Scotland, Ireland, Cornwall and into Western France (the area known as Brittany).
England at first became a series of kingdoms, the strongest of which was Wessex (the name comes from West－Saxon). The names of many of the areas in England come from this period—for example, the name Sussex comes from South－Saxon, Essex from East－Saxon, and East Anglia from East－Angle. The Vikings then came from Denmark, and later the Normans invaded from France. Eventually England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland were united, forming the United Kingdom.
The English language is the main language spoken throughout England, although there are many different accents. It can be difficult to know how to spell or to pronounce some English words, because the language has been influenced by Latin and Greek (languages used at the time of the Romans, and used in religion and education until recent times), German (the language of the Angles, Saxons and Jutes), French(the language of the Normans), Gaelic/Scots (Celtic languages) and Danish (the language of the Vikings).
There are now many people throughout the United Kingdom who speak a foreign language either as their first or second language, mainly due to immigration (移民) from Europe or the Commonwealth (countries which used to be part of the British Empire).
1. What's the first paragraph mainly about?| A．The origin of the name England. |
| B．The Celts used to live in England but left for some reason. |
| C．Southern England once was attacked by Saxons and Jutes. |
| D．Angles and Saxons came from different parts of northern Germany. |
| A．Sussex | B．Wessex |
| C．Essex | D．East Anglia |
| A．English words are hard to spell and to pronounce. |
| B．England had been invaded by most of the countries of Europe. |
| C．The English language was influenced by several foreign languages. |
| D．It's hard for people who have different English accents to communicate. |
| A．Because they are required to learn a foreign language at school. |
| B．Because they plan to live outside the UK in the future. |
| C．Because they have moved from other countries. |
| D．Because they have worked in other countries. |
7 . According to a new study, putting preschooler(学龄前儿童) in bed by 8 p.m. could reduce their chances of becoming overweight or obese later in life by half. Preschoolers are children around the age of 4 or 5.
The World Health Organization says obesity can lead to serious long-term health problems like diabetes, heart disease and stroke.
Researchers from the Ohio State University’s College of Public Health have found that young children who go to bed after 9 p.m. are twice as likely to be obese later in life. The researchers wrote their findings in The Journal of Pediatrics.
The lead author of the study is Sarah Anderson. She is a professor of epidemiology(流行病学). Anderson says that, for parents, the results of the study support the importance of creating a bedtime routine.
She says that having a usual bedtime routine is something “families can do to lower their children’s risk” of becoming overweight.
Researchers used data from 977 children for the study. These children are part of a larger project called the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. The project follows healthy babies born in 1991 in 10 cities in US.
When these children turned 15 years old, the researchers looked at their rates of obesity. Of those with the earliest bedtimes, only one out of 10 was obese. Of those who went to bed between 8 and 9 p.m., 16 percent became obese. And out of those with the latest bedtimes, 23 percent became obese.
The World Health Organization reported in 2014 that the number of overweight babies and young children worldwide had increased from 31 million in 1990 to 44 million in 2012. If that trend continues, the WHO warns, there will be 70 million obese children in the world by 2025.
1. According to the passage, the risk of obesity ______.| A．can be cut by half if children go to bed by 9 p.m. |
| B．can lead to low blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease |
| C．is the highest at the age of 4 or 5 |
| D．is higher for those children who sleep late at night |
| A．heavy | B．light | C．fat | D．slim |
| A．The research is organized by the World Health Organization. |
| B．The result shows that children sleeping before 8 p.m. have the lowest rate of obesity. |
| C．The findings are based on the data provided by The Journal of Pediatrics. |
| D．The research is funded(提供资金) by the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. |
| A．Objective(客观) | B．Disappointed | C．Positive | D．Satisfied |
8 . Here are a few good ideas for Easter party games for kids, teens, and adults, which are sure to be a hit.
Kids are the age group that is the easiest to please. They love getting into the spirit of Easter.
Eyeball Relay Race: The children should be divided into teams. The first child of each team should be given a spoon along with a ping-pong ball painted to look like an eyeball. They have to carry the eyeball on the spoon to the end of a course and return, and hand it to the next child. The team that is done first wins.
Guess the Scarecrow’s （稻草人的） Nose: A sheet with a scarecrow painted on it will have to be made ahead of time. Cut out the nose part of the scarecrow. The children should be divided into two teams. Each child from the team outside puts his or her nose through the hole in the sheet, while the children inside the room try and guess whose nose it is.
Ghostly Waiter: The children are divided into teams. The first child of each team has to balance a balloon on a paper plate. Each child has to walk as fast as he or she can up and down a set course. The team that finishes first is the winner.
Easter Freeze Monster （怪物）: All the players should be in Easter costumes. The player who becomes the Freeze Monster must run after the others; trying to touch them. Every time he or she touches a player, that player has to stand still until somebody unfreezes them. To unfreeze a frozen player, somebody must come close to the frozen player and guess out aloud who he or she is. If they don’t guess right in three tries, they have to go away and try unfreezing somebody else. The player who is the Freeze Monster can freeze the player trying to unfreeze somebody.
1. The underlined word “hit” in the first paragraph means ______.| A．a thing that is popular | B．an act of beating something |
| C．an idea of pleasing others | D．a game played in a party |
| A．paint a table tennis ball quickly |
| B．run with a ball on the spoon quickly |
| C．give the spoon to the next child |
| D．hold the spoon and eyeball firmly |
| A．Eyeball Relay Race | B．Ghostly Waiter |
| C．Guess the Scarecrow’s Nose | D．Easter Freeze Monster |
| A．Eyeball Relay Race and Guess the Scarecrow’s Nose. |
| B．Ghostly Waiter and Eyeball Relay Race. |
| C．Guess the Scarecrow’s Nose and Easter Freeze Monster. |
| D．Easter Freeze Monster and Ghostly Waiter. |
I'm afraid I have some very bad news for you. I have been very naughty and the school master is very angry with me. She is going to write to you. You must come and take me away from here. She does not want me in the school any longer. The trouble started last night when I was smoking a cigarette(香烟) in bed. As I was smoking, I heard footsteps coming towards the room. I did not want a teacher to catch me smoking, so I threw the cigarette away. Unluckily, the cigarette fell into the waste--paper basket. It caught fire.
There was a curtain near the waste-paper basket. It caught fire too. Soon the whole room was burning. The master phoned the fire brigade. The school is a long way from the town and before the fire brigade arrived, the whole school was on fire. The master said that the fire was all my fault and I must pay for the damage. She will send you a bill for about a million dollars.
I'm very sorry for this.
Much love
Sarah
1. Why did Sarah write to his parents?| A．He missed them very much for they hadn’t seen each other for a long time. |
| B．He told his parents what he had done in school. |
| C．He was tired of studying, and wanted to leave school. |
| D．He thought he was old enough to help them do something. |
| A．in the classroom | B．in the Dinning hall |
| C．in the street | D．in the dormitory |
| A．Because he was too naughty |
| B．Because he was too lazy |
| C．Because he caused a big fire |
| D．Because he stole something from the school |
| A．$1,000,000 | B．₤10,000,000 | C．￥100,000 | D．$ 100,000 |
| A．They should not smoke, because smoking is dangerous to them. |
| B．They should not dance, because dancing would waste a lot of money. |
| C．They should not make friends, because making friends would take them absent. |
| D．They should not wear expensive clothes because they would waste a lot of money. |
10 . The bed should be reserved as a place for sleep，but people tend to read an iPad a lot in bed before they go to sleep．
Charles Czeisler，a professor at Harvard Medical School，and his colleagues got a small group of people for an experiment．For five days in a row，the people read either a paper book or an iPad for four hours before sleep．Their sleep patterns were monitored all night．Before and after each trial period，the people took hourly blood tests to paint a day-long picture of just how much melatonin（褪黑激素）was in their blood at any given time．
When subjects read on the iPad as compared to the paper books，they reported feeling less sleepy at night and less active the following morning．People also took longer to fall asleep on the iPad nights，and the blood tests showed that their melatonin secretion（分泌）was delayed by an hour and a half．
The researchers conclude in today's journal article that gives the rise of e-readers and the increasingly widespread use of e-things among children and adolescents，more research into the"long-term consequences of these devices on health and safety is urgently needed．"Czeisler and colleagues go on，in the research paper，to note"Reading an iPad in bed may increase cancer risk．"
However，software has been developed that can reduce some of the blue light from the screens of phones and computers according to time of day，and there are also glasses that are made to filter（过滤）short wavelengths．While they seem like a logical solution for the nighttime tech users，it needs more research．
1. In Charles Czeisler's experiment，all the subjects were asked to ______ ．| A．sit in a row and receive the strict tests |
| B．have their sleep patterns observed all night |
| C．read a paper book and an iPad at the same time |
| D．have their blood tested per hour during the trial |
| A．feel less sleepy and tired in the day |
| B．fall asleep more easily after reading |
| C．have a lot more melatonin secretion |
| D．become less energetic the next morning |
| A．remove the blue light from your devices completely |
| B．help prevent eyes being harmed by short wavelength |
| C．weaken the harm done by doing nighttime e-reading |
| D．be used in all the e-things widely and safely |
| A．No e-reading in bed before sleep |
| B．New software for night e-readers |
| C．Wrong behaviors before bedtime |
| D．No games on iPad in bed． |
