1 . Being able to tell human faces apart is a skill that almost every person has,although some are far better at it than others.But a new study says that this is not just a skill that humans have. Even fish can do it.
Following up on research studying different species’(物种)abilities to recognize human laces(sheep,dogs,cows,horses,and birds have all been tried),the researchers from the University of Oxford decided to pick an animal that does not have an evolved neocortext,the part of the brain that processes sight and sounds,and doesn’t have a close relationship with humans.That way,there would be no reason why these test subjects(实验对象)would have a past history of identifying human faces.
So they picked the archerfish,a reef fish variety that shoots water into the air to knock its prey(猎物)out of the sky.They used this adaptation to have the fish spray water at a face on a monitor hanging over their tanks for a reward.Most of the fish were able to pick apart their learned face,even when colors were taken away.
This study gives more support to the assumption that distinguishing between faces is not just a skill that big-brained organisms are born with.It is possible that a good percentage of recognizing faces is learned over time.The development of neocortext may contribute only to quickly processing a large number of faces in varying situations.
But more work needs to be conducted to find a deeper link to this possible learned behavior. The sample size of this study was very small-only eight fish were used altogether.Also,the faces displayed were only white,female faces from a German database,shown in a front view, with no expressions.Other animal trials have shown that some species,like pigeons,respond more to different angles and varied expressions.
1. The archerfish were picked as test subjects because they| A．have no evolved neocortext |
| B．have close relationship with human |
| C．have a skill of spraying water for a reward |
| D．have a past history of recognizing human faces |
| A．Some animals possess the ability to tell human faces apart. |
| B．Some animals gain the ability to recognize faces by learning. |
| C．The fish’s ability to tell human faces apart is a natural skill. |
| D．The fish’s ability to recognize human faces is related to neocortext. |
| A．To show more faces in a front view. |
| B．To display more white,female faces. |
| C．To test more fish samples to gather more data. |
| D．To test pigeons’ response to varied expressions. |
| A．A diary. | B．A biography. | C．A mystery. | D．A magazine. |
2 . Courses & Curriculum of the College of Arts & Sciences in Cornell
The diversity of the courses you can take in the College of Arts & Sciences is extraordinary:
Academic Distribution Requirements
The College’s academic distribution requirements will include: effective writing; foreign language beyond the introductory level; imaginative and critical thinking.
To choose your courses for a semester, use the Class Roster. It shows the schedule of all classes offered in a particular term, along with class enrollment information and course details.
The Class Roster is updated frequently.
To plan your classes over your four years at Cornell, use the Courses of Study. It represents Cornell’s full catalog of courses and is published annually. It provides information on Cornell degree programs, requirements, policies and procedures.
If you need help, call 607-255-5004 for an appointment with an advising dean. Or contact a career counselor in the Arts & Sciences Career Development Center at 607-255-4166 to talk about your interests and how they can translate into a major and a future career.
A New Curriculum
On October 30, 2018, the College of Arts & Sciences faculty（教员）approved a new undergraduate curriculum to be carried out over the next two to three years. The new curriculum focuses on the theme of exploration and reaffirms the college’s commitment to a liberal arts and sciences education. Students who have questions about the new curriculum can view the approved proposal on the Course Designer app of Cornell.
Innovative Learning
If you’re one of the 3,000 students across the university taking biology or physics at the College, you may be part of an innovative（创新的）classroom project that uses active learning, a new model that is proving to be the quickest path to expert-level mastery.
Your education at Cornell will extend far beyond the classroom. You can join a faculty member’s research team on campus, conduct field study research in different states or spend a semester with Cornell in Washington D C. You could study abroad in one of more than 85 countries or develop your own research project through independent study. Give yourself the freedom to explore.
1. If you want to plan your courses over the long run, you can use the ______.| A．Class Roster | B．Courses of Study |
| C．Course Designer | D．Career Center |
| A．may study a new model |
| B．are on the quickest way to be experts |
| C．will get more freedom during research project |
| D．have advantages of studying outside the classroom |
| A．a college website | B．a science report |
| C．a travel magazine | D．an academic journal |
3 . The Best Family Reunion Spot in Every State
The location for your family reunion could make the event. Choose one of these unique and comfortable spots in every state.
Alabama—Doublehead Resort, Town Creek
You can’t beat the waterfront cottages available at Doublehead Resort. Each has a washer and a full kitchen. A cottage can sleep ten people, making this resort the perfect relaxing location for your family reunion. This could be the setting for another funny family vacation story.
Arkansas—Whitney Mountain Lodge, Garfield
This Northwest Arkansas hotel has a breathtaking view of Beaver Lake. Located between the Rockies and the Appalachians, this peaceful site is the perfect place to escape with your family. They have three private dining rooms, all available for rent for your events. Arkansas might not be the first family reunion destination that comes to mind, but it has one of the coolest hidden sightseeing.
California—The Alisal Guest Ranch and Resort, Solvang
If budget isn’t an issue, book a family reunion at the Alisal Guest Ranch Resort in the Santa Ynez Valley. This 10,000-acre cattle ranch (牧场) is the ideal reunion spot for horse-back-riding families, and there’s also a spa for the family members who would prefer to relax.
Delaware—Cape Henlopen State Park, Lewes
Enjoy a beachside reunion at one of Delaware’s most scenic state parks. The pavilion (大帐篷) is available for rent, so make your base camp at the group site as you have fun at the two beaches and 18-hole golf course. You can also climb up to a former military bunker (碉堡) for a brief history lesson.
1. What is Doublehead Resort special about?| A．The weather. | B．The sightseeing. |
| C．Its stories. | D．Its cottages. |
| A．Doublehead Resort. | B．Whitney Mountain Lodge. |
| C．Cape Henlopen State Park. | D．The Alisal Guest Ranch and Resort. |
| A．Daily life. | B．Travel guide. |
| C．Entertainment. | D．Environment. |
4 . RAMCO TECHNOLOGIES
Where Technology Shapes Tomorrow
Marketing @Ramco.comewww.Ramco.com
TO: Rachel Mohler, Vice President
Harrison Fontentot, Public Relations
FROM: Mike Gonzalez
SUBJECT: Three Ways to Increase Ramco’s Community Involvement
DATE: March 5, 2019
At our planning session in early February, our division managers stressed the need to generate favourable publicity for our new Ramco facility in Mayfield. Knowing that such publicity will highlight Ramco’s visibility in Mayfield, I think the company’s image might be enhanced in the following three ways.
CREATE A SCHOLARSHIP FUND
Ramco would receive favourable publicity by creating a scholarship at Mayfield Community College for any student interested in a career in technology. A one-year scholarship would cost $6,800. The scholarship could be awarded by a committee composed of Ramco executives. Such a scholarship would emphasize Ramco’s enthusiastic support for the latest technical education at a local college.
OFFER SITE TOURS
Guided tours of the Mayfield facility would introduce the community to Ramco’s innovative technology. These tours might be organized for academic, community, and civic groups. Individuals would see the care we take in protecting the environment in our production and equipment choices and the speed with which we ship our products. Of special interest to visitors would be Ramco’s use of industrial robots working alongside our employees. Since these tours would be scheduled in advance, they should not conflict with our production schedules.
PROVIDE GUEST SPEAKERS
Many of our employees would be excellent guest speakers at civic and educational meetings in the Mayfield area. Possible topics include the advances Ramco has made in designing and engineering and how these advances have helped consumers and the local economy.
Thanks for giving me your comments as soon as possible. If we are going to put one or more of these suggestions into practice before the facility opens in mid-April, we’ll need to act before the end of the month.
1. If Ramco establishes a scholarship, it will _____.| A．benefit students at colleges in Mayfield |
| B．highlight Ramco’s support for the latest technical advances |
| C．be offered to MCC students interested in a career in technology |
| D．be jointly awarded by Ramco executives and college professors |
| A．Site tours of Mayfield facility can be arranged at any time. |
| B．The three measures are scheduled to be carried out in mid-April. |
| C．The three measures are sure to create favourable image for Mayfield. |
| D．Guest speakers will talk about Ramco’s advances in designing and engineering. |
| A．A letter of introduction. | B．A letter of proposal. |
| C．A letter of recommendation. | D．A letter of complaints. |
5 . Cells in our brain usually send a “stop eating” signal when we've eaten enough. But in a study, researchers found that after mice ate fatty food for just two weeks, their brains brake on overeating failed.
Researchers at the University of Washington in Seattle conducted the study.They shared their findings in Science.Garret Stuber is a professor at the University of Washington.He and his team mainly focused on one brain area known-to be connected with eating behavior.This brain area contains many different kinds of cells.Researchers noticed big differences between the glutamatergic nerve cells(谷氨酸神经细胞)of the fat mice and those of the thin mice.And the earlier work by Stuber's group had suggested that these cells act like a brake on overeating.When the researchers stopped these cells from working,mice suddenly overate.They also fattened up. But it wasn't clear how these cells' activity changed as the mice changed from being slim to being fat.
“Being fat doesn't just happen overnight,”notes Stuber.To study that gradual fattening up,his group did a new study.They fed mice with high-fat food.Now and again,they used a microscope to look at how well the animals 'glutamatergic nerve cells could send out signals.During the process,they found the activity of these glutamatergic nerve cells slowed,even before the mice became fat.That cell sluggishness(怠惰)continued as the mice grew larger over a 12-week period.
The results suggest that the high-fat diet is removing the brake on overeating and becoming fat,”says Stephanie Borgland,a professor at the University of Calgary in Canada. Stuber's group doesn't know whether these brain cells will go back to normal if the mice stop eating the fatty food and slim down.It would be hard to keep monitoring the same cells over the months it would likely take for the mice to return to a healthy body weight,”explains Stuber.And it's hard to say whether similar cells control the same thing in humans.
“Having high-fat diets probably affects a much wider family of cells than those studied here,” Stuber notes. “Changes,” he says, “are probably happening across the brain.” Understanding those things might help us find better ways of limiting overeating.
1. What did researchers find in the study?| A．Mice tended to become sluggish if they often overate. |
| B．Having high-fat diets affected many kinds of brain cells. |
| C．Mice began to overeat after eating fatty food for a period. |
| D．The number of brain cells would drop when mice overate. |
| A．To prove that fatty food was bad for health. |
| B．To know more about that gradual weight-gain. |
| C．To collect more information about the mice 's cells. |
| D．To observe how long it would take for the mice to grow fat. |
| A．It's still difficult to answer some questions. |
| B．It's hard to find the similar brain area in humans. |
| C．It's wrong to apply what suits animals to humans. |
| D．It's necessary to keep monitoring the mice for long. |
| A．A personal diary. |
| B．A useful guidebook. |
| C．A science magazine. |
| D．An adventure novel |
6 . Food experts say washing could spread the germs on your turkey in the kitchen sink or nearby food. But it's been a challenge trying to convince cooks to stop rinsing(冲洗）off raw poultry. Germs that can make people sick are common in the guts of healthy poultry and are legally allowed to be on raw turkey and chicken. The assumption is that nobody eats their poultry raw, and that thorough cooking will kill the bacteria.
The do-not-wash raw poultry advice from the USDA is relatively new and perhaps hasn't caught on because it goes against the common belief that washing makes things clean, said Chapman. Benjamin Chapman, a study author and food safety expert at North Carolina State University, said the instinct to wash raw poultry goes back at least decades when people relied more on visual clues to spot problems with poultry. Meanwhile, washing hands and surfaces are also important.
But food preparation is a complicated act, and germs from poultry can be spread even if it's not washed, especially when birds are removed from packaging.
The USDA-funded study stresses that point. Researchers sprayed raw chicken with a harmless strain of E. coli(大肠杆菌）and watched volunteer cooks at test kitchens. Among those who washed their raw chicken, about a quarter ended up spreading the bacteria to their lettuce. But even some of those who did not rinse the chicken got germs on the lettuce. And there are_other opportunities for germs to survive on turkeys:melting and cooking.
To ensure a bird is thoroughly cooked, they say to use a thermometer to check that the deepest and thickest parts of it have reached 165 degrees. Even after the meal is cooked, you aren't out of the danger zone. To keep turkeys and other leftovers safe, experts say they should be refrigerated after two hours.
1. People don't accept USDA 's advice because__________| A．the advice is relatively new. |
| B．cooks clean the turkey before cooking it. |
| C．heat can kill most. germs and no one eats raw food. |
| D．cleaning seems more trustworthy. |
| A．Germs from a turkey can be spread whether it is washed or not. |
| B．Food packages carry germs. |
| C．Hands and surfaces are easy to get E. coli. |
| D．Multiple methods should be applied to food to get rid of germs. |
| A．Rinse off the turkey before it is heated. |
| B．Keep the turkey away from the lettuce and refrigerator. |
| C．Use a thermometer to check the temperature of the turkey. |
| D．Wash hands and packages before taking out the turkey. |
| A．Cooking. |
| B．Technology. |
| C．Medicine |
| D．Science. |
7 . It was April 14, 2016. It was the first full day of Kobe Bryant’s new chapter as a retired NBA player. All he had done the night before was score 60 points in his farewell game, not getting out of Staples Center until around midnight.
His staff at Kobe, Inc. were certain they would beat their boss to the office that morning. They were wrong. He beat everyone there by two hours. “We have a lot of work to do,” Bryant told them. Even in retirement, Bryant found no substitute for hard work. Kobe Bean Bryant was many things: one of the greatest players in basketball history, a five-time NBA champion, Olympic gold medalist, a fluent speaker of multiple languages, a resident of the world, an Oscar winner, the self-described Black Mamba that started as a nickname and became his brand, someone so good he had two numbers retired by the Los Angeles Lakers.
Tears, as would be expected once the news broke of Bryant’s death in a helicopter crash in Southern California on Sunday, flowed freely in the NBA world. The best ones, the ones like James and Leonard and lonescu and Neymar, were all like Bryant. Driven. Obsessed with their skill. Those are the sort of people Bryant enjoyed most. He didn't have much patience for any thing else.
His toughness was legendary (享有盛名的). Bryant hurt his knees on a play in 2013 but he played through the game because the game was so important in the playoff race. “We were down two. Had to tie the game first.” Bryant said years later, when asked why he stayed in the game.
His commitment (敬业) was legendary. There was a game in 2011 in Miami where the Lakers lost by six, and Bryant was so displeased with his performance that he went back to the court for 90 minutes of uninterrupted shooting that went on until after midnight. His teammates were on Miami Beach for dinner. Bryant was working instead. “It’s my job,” Bryant said.
He was as driven in his storytelling life as he was in his playing days. Kobe, Inc. wasn’t just a cool name. It was his world. He wanted to inspire kids through books that combined the worlds of sports and story. He was considering the idea of taking his stories to Broadway. He won an Oscar for “Dear Basketball,” a short film in 2018 that had been converted from a poem that he penned when he decided it was time to retire from playing the game.
He wasn’t joking when talking to his staff on April 14, 2016. Kobe Bryant still had a lot of work to do. The tribute (悼念) will continue, though at last fade away. The influence will be forever.
1. The underlined word “converted” in paragraph 6 can be replaced by_____.| A．adapted | B．adopted | C．accepted | D．achieved |
| A．It was the common practice to do so in NBA. |
| B．It was the reward for his excellent performance. |
| C．The numbers once used are not accepted by others. |
| D．The numbers are forever in memory of his death. |
| A．Kobe’s spirits will be long-lasting after his death. |
| B．Kobe never goes out dining with his teammates. |
| C．Kobe got the nickname Black Mamba from his fans. |
| D．Kobe had a good relax after his farewell game. |
| A．Current Affairs. | B．Global Personage. | C．Financial window. | D．Culture Online. |
8 . Sit still. It's the rule of every classroom. But that is changing as evidence builds that taking brief activity breaks during the day helps children learn and be more attentive in class, and a growing number of programs designed to promote movement are being adopted in schools. "We need to recognize that children are movement-based," said Brian Gatens, the superintendent of schools in Emerson, N.J." In schools, we sometimes are pushing against human nature in asking them to sit still and be quiet all the time.We fall into this trap that if kids are at their desks with their heads down and are silent and writing, we think they are learning," Mr. Gatens added. "But what we have found is that the active time used to energize your brain makes all those still moments better, or more productive."
A 2013 report from the Institute of Medicine concluded that children who are more active show greater attention, have faster cognitive processing speed and perform better on standardized academic tests than children who are less active. And a study released in January by Lund University in Sweden shows that students, especially boys, who had daily physical education, did better in school.
＂Daily physical activity is an opportunity for the average school to become a high-performing school," said Jesper Fritz, a doctoral student at Lund University and physician at the Skane University Hospital in Malmo who was the study's lead author.
＂Activity helps the brain in so many ways," said James F.Sallis, a professor of family medicine and public health at the University of California, San Diego, who has done research on the association between activity breaks and classroom behavior."Activity stimulates more blood vessels in the brain to support more brain cells.And there is evidence that active kids do better on standardized tests and pay attention more in school." "Plus," he added," it makes kids want to come to school more-it's fun to do these activities."
But not all districts are embracing the trend of movement breaks. "The bottom line is that with only six and a half hours during the day, our priority is academics," said Tom Hernandez, the director of community relations for the Plainfield School District in Illinois, about 40 miles southwest of Chicago. He said that under state law, the schools provide daily physical education classes and that teachers in the district find ways to give students time during the day to refresh and recharge.
＂Kids aren't meant to sit still all day and take in information," said Steve Boyle, one of the co-founders of the National Association of Physical Literacy, which aims to bring movement into schools." Adults aren't either."
1. Brain Gatens is likely to agree that| A．all of the students should sit still |
| B．sitting still often means studying well |
| C．being quite is actually human nature |
| D．always sitting doesn't have good effects |
| A．activity helps the brain in only one way |
| B．activities can make children physically and mentally healthy |
| C．activities have nothing to do with children's academic performances |
| D．Daily activity is a chance for the average school to become a high one |
| A．they stimulate more blood vessels in the body |
| B．they activate all the brain cells but are tough on bodies |
| C．they give children fun and motivate all the brains to work |
| D．they give students time during the day to refresh and recharge |
| A．Discovery |
| B．Sports |
| C．Education |
| D．Science |
9 . British Museum
When the British Museum opened in 1759 it was the first of its kind in the world: the only national museum open to the public. It was – and still is – free to visit. The displays are organised by location and time period: Ancient Iran, Greece, China from 5000 BC onwards, Roman Britain and so on. Overwhelmed? Follow a free eye-opener tour on your smart phone or book onto the Around the World in 90 Minutes guided tour.
National Gallery
You can’t miss this artistic institution in Trafalgar Square. There you can see some of the world’s finest works of art for free. Founded in 1824 to display a collection of just 36 paintings, today the National Gallery is home to over 2,000 works from artists such as da Vinci, van Gogh and Picasso. The National Gallery hosts free after-work events for adults. So if you want to learn more about these famous artworks over a glass of wine, come along.
Science Museum
One of London's favorite hands-on museums, the Science Museum features seven floors of entertaining and educational exhibits, including the Apollo 10 Spaceship! If you're going with little ones, head to Pattern Pod or The Garden, where children can directly explore basic scientific principles with sound and water.
Cartoon Museum
This highly entertaining London tourist attraction covers the history and development of British cartoon from the 18th century to the present day. See how artists portrayed important events and the great and good over the centuries. It’s great value at only ₤7.00 for entry.
1. Which museum provides a free digital guide?| A．British Museum. |
| B．National Gallery. |
| C．Science Museum. |
| D．Cartoon Museum. |
| A．It is the only one where entry is free. |
| B．It offers free events after regular working hours. |
| C．It allows visitors to carry out simple experiments. |
| D．It is the museum with the longest history in London. |
| A．In a British school book. |
| B．On a London street map. |
| C．In a London tourism guide book. |
| D．On the British Museum Entrance Board. |
10 . The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of, certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance.
On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many special are quickly dying out.
On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.
Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic soil conditions.
It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.
1. What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?| A．It leads to air pollution and global warming. |
| B．It limits the spread of new growing techniques. |
| C．It slows down the loss of shade trees. |
| D．It improves local soil conditions. |
| A．entertain | B．advertise |
| C．persuade | D．instruct |
| A．An engineering textbook. |
| B．A medical journal. |
| C．An agricultural magazine. |
| D．A tourist guide. |
