1 . Careers in zoology are extremely varied and unique, and can provide incredible learning and work opportunities for anyone devoted to animal studies and welfare. Zoology, or the study of animals, is a wide field with many specialties, including research, conservation, veterinary (兽医的) medicine, and the care of animals. For people with a love of animals and some training, dreams of careers in zoology may come true.

Some careers in zoology focus on research and scientific studies. These careers may allow those with a good theoretical science background to develop and run studies that improve human understanding of the animal world. Research in zoology can help create safer and more effective products for animals or can teach humans more about animal behavior in order to aid in conservation, breeding programs, and habitat preservation.

Careers in zoology that focus on conservation attach great importance to the continued survival and increased protection of animal species. Conservationists may work with political groups or governments to help make laws to protect and preserve animals, or may work in the field gathering information on potential threats to the health of global ecosystems. Some conservationists work in educational fields, trying to improve human efforts to save animals from extinction.

Animals are subject to illness and injury, and some careers in zoology help to create a safe, stable animal population. Veterinary medicine is an important specialty field, and may take several years of intensive training to qualify as a certified veterinarian. While many veterinarians focus on the small-animal practice of domestic pets, vets in rural areas often work with large farm animals and more adventurous veterinarians may work with exotic species in zoos and wildlife preserves.

Humans love to observe animals, and modern-day zoos and wildlife preserves help meet that interest while providing facilities to assist with conservation programs. Zoology careers in zoos can range from overseeing breeding programs, to creating the proper diet for a deer, to cleaning the tiger’s cage. Many volunteer and entry-level jobs are available for people that love animals.

Which of the following shows the structure of the whole passage?
(P1=paragraph 1; P2= paragraph 2; P3= paragraph 3; P4= paragraph 1; P5= paragraph 5)

A．	B．
C．	D．

2 . Most parents can remember the artful mix of excitement and anxiety accompanying the choice of their baby’s name—it will follow the child his or her entire life. But the effect could be even more significant. In research recently published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, our research team shows that the stereotype (模式思维) that a given society has of a first name can influence the way people look.

In eight studies, we found that participants shown ID-style photos of people they’d never met were able to recognize the first name of the described person well above the chance level. In other words, there is something about an Emily that…just looks like an Emily.

If an Emily really does look like an Emily, even a computer should be able to guess her true name. The computer was even able to produce a “heat map” for each name, a face with the features that “betray” a person carrying that name shown in red or orange colors. How should we understand this effect? Until now, social psychologists knew that our facial appearance influences the extent to which others perceive us as attractive, intelligent, trustworthy or warm. These studies show that others’ perceptions of our first name are reflected in our faces.

Interestingly, the face -name effect occurs even if we can only see the hair of a person. Our hair is possibly the part of our face that we control with the most ease. The fact that this alone can produce the face name effect further illustrates the suspected self-fulfilling mechanism behind it.

Together, the eight studies suggest that we wear our social belonging on our face, and that we actively shape our features to be recognized by our reference group. Choosing baby names remains exciting. Whatever the first name you give to your child, he or she will end up wearing it.

Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
P=Paragraph

A．	B．
C．	D．

5 . While we know that language first appeared among Homo sapiens (智人) somewhere thousands of years ago, the secret to how language evolved is still unknown, and mainstream theories fall into two distinctly different camps.

One widely held theory is that language came about as an evolutionary adaptation. That was where the idea of natural selection came into play, which was the belief that the specific physical features of a population made that population more likely to survive its environment, like the turtle (海龟) and its shell. On one hand, humans needed to communicate with each other in order to hunt，farm and defend themselves successfully from the surrounding severe environment. Being able to communicate by using language gave the human species a distinct survival advantage. On the other hand, language was needed for social interaction, according to those who subscribed to the adaptation theory.

In their paper “Natural Language and Natural Selection,” researchers Steven Pinker and Paul Bloom theorized that a series of calls or gestures evolved over time into combinations,   giving us complex communication, or language. As things became more complicated around them，humans needed a more complex system to convey information to one another. Early man saw a group of deer he wanted to hunt. He made a sound to his hunting partner that means “deer are nearby.” One day,a storm came in and the hunter noticed that thunder scared the deer away. As a result, the hunter went hungry until the storm passed. Over time, the same hunter also learned to recognize the warning signs for bad weather-dark skies and increased wind. Early man realized that when the sky darkened and the wind picked up, he needed to tell his hunting partner to speed up the pursuit of the deer. Therefore, he came up with a series of sounds that refer to both the deer and the bad weather. That series of sounds was the beginning of an evolutionary adaptation that eventually became language.

As humans learned more about how to best survive, they developed a need to convey these survival methods to their population. To be brief, that's the adaptation theory.

1. What is the text mainly about?

A．The evolution of language.

B．The paper on natural selection.

C．The differences between theories.

D．The introduction to human reproduction.

2. Why are the turtle and its shell mentioned in paragraph 2?

A．To show the mystery of nature.

B．To support the evolutionary adaptation.

C．To stress the advantage of the turtle's shell.

D．To encourage people to study natural selection.

3. How does the author explain the adaptation theory in paragraph 3?

A．By comparing.	B．By listing data.
C．By carrying out a survey.	D．By giving an example.

4. What will the author most probably tell us next?

A．The exact place where humans came from.

B．The other theory of how language evolved.

C．The reasons why animals cannot form language.

D．The methods of humans' shaping non- verbal thinking.

6 . Plants, and the insects which rely on them, are the living foundations of our planet. But these foundations are under stress because we have a tendency to replace fields and forests with decorative trees and shrubs imported from around the world. Adding to the problem, our obsession (痴迷) with perfection leads us to use a lot of pesticides (杀虫剂).

These actions are part of the reason global biodiversity is crashing. There are over three billion fewer wild birds in North America than there were in 1970. Recent research shows that insect numbers, even in nature reserves, have fallen, and 40 percent of all insect species may be extinct within a few decades. This is discouraging news; however, there are actions we can take to help bring at least some species back.

The first step is to redefine our concept of “garden” to include more than just plants. We need to intentionally share our space, and not just with the birds, bees and butterflies that visit our flowers, but also with the little insects that may eat a part (very rarely all) of our plants. Therefore, we must limit pesticide use. It’s crucial to support nature’s recovery, and it’s much better for everyone: no doctor has ever recommended long-term exposure to pesticides.

Many drought-tolerant plants brought in from across the planet are being passed off as ecofriendly. However, mostly they’re not. Yes, you’re saving water, but these foreign plants can become disasters when they escape our yards. Helping the environment can be about more than saving water. Even in drier areas, like the American West, the selection of attractive native plants to choose from is vast. If dry is your style, there are native wildflowers, flowering bushes and trees that allow you to save water and nature.

Xeriscapes (节水型园艺) leave many gardeners thirsting for green, and there’s an important alternative that has been largely ignored. For those disenchanted with dry landscaping, using underappreciated and water-loving native plants to make your garden a real-life oasis (绿洲) could be lifesaving to wildlife. In nature, this unsung group of native plants is limited to riparian zones, the narrow belts of green along water bodies, but if consumers demand them, nurseries will increasingly carry these riparian species, and the presence of such plants in the garden will provide for many animals including not just butterflies and their relatives but also colorful birds.

The ideal garden would offer a combination of drought-tolerant native plants and a few species that need a little more water, providing options for little guests and the bigger ones that will come to eat them. As more creatures stop by to share our yards, we will be making nature, and us all, a little healthier.

1. What do we know about insect species?

A．They have an impact on the diversity of plants.

B．They disappear because of lack of nature reserves.

C．They decrease partly due to our pursuit for perfection.

D．They are the reason why we replace fields and forests.

2. The underlined phrase “disenchanted with” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ________.

A．sick of	B．addicted to
C．concerned about	D．impatient with

3. The passage mainly talks about ________.

A．why we need grow native plants in gardens

B．how gardening helps with biodiversity

C．whether we should redefine “garden”

D．what benefits gardening brings

4. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
CP: Central Point             P: Point             Sp: Sub-point             C: Conclusion

A．	B．
C．	D．

7 . Humans’ overconsumption of resources is a leading contributor to global climate change, says University of Arizona researcher Sabrina Helm. Therefore, it’s increasingly important to understand the choices consumers make and how those decisions affect the health of a planet with limited resources. In a new study, published in the journal Young Consumers, Helm and her colleagues explore how materialistic values influence pro-environmental behaviors in millennials, who are now the nation’s most influential group of consumers.

The researchers focused on two main categories of pro-environmental behaviors: reduced consumption, which includes actions like repairing instead of replacing older items; and “green buying,” or purchasing products designed to limit environmental impacts. The researchers also looked at how engaging in pro-environmental behaviors affects consumer well-being.

More materialistic participants, the researchers found, were unlikely to engage in reduced consumption. However, materialism did not seem to have an effect on their likelihood of practicing “green buying.” That’s probably because “green buying,” unlike reduced consumption, still offers a way for materialists to fulfill their desire to get new items, Helm said.

Study participants who reported having fewer materialistic values were much more likely to engage in reduced consumption. Consuming less was, in turn, linked to higher personal well-being and lower psychological suffering. Green buying—which may have some positive environmental effects, although to a smaller degree than reduced consumption—was not found to improve consumer well-being, Helm said.

The take-home message for consumers: “The key is to reduce consumption and not just buy green stuff. Having less and buying less can actually make us more satisfied and happier,” Helm said. “If you have a lot of stuff, you have a lot on your mind,” she said. “For example, it requires maintenance and there’s a lot of burdens of ownership, and if you relieve yourself of that burden of ownership, most people report feeling a lot better and freer.”

Helm and her colleagues additionally looked at how materialism affects millennial consumers’ proactive financial behaviors, such as budgeting and saving. Examining financial behaviors alongside pro-environmental behaviors provides a picture of how young adults proactively deal with resource limitations in two contexts: environmental and financial, Helm said.

As expected, Helm and her colleagues found that those who reported having more materialistic values engaged in fewer proactive financial behaviors than their less materialistic counterparts (对应的人). The researchers also found that, consistent with previous studies, proactive financial behaviors were associated with better personal well-being, life satisfaction and financial satisfaction, as well as lower psychological suffering.

Understanding how materialistic values impact consumer behaviors, and how those behaviors in turn affect personal and environmental well-being, is important, Helm said. However, she acknowledges that for many consumers, shifting behaviors to be more financially proactive and consume less will be challenging.

1. What do we know about pro-environmental behaviors?

A．They are a cause of climate change.

B．They lead to a more satisfying life.

C．They vary in different age groups.

D．They are affected by materialism.

2. It can be learned from Helm’s study that ________.

A．ownership of green products brings a sense of happiness

B．materialists prefer practicing green buying to buying less

C．green buying helps control people’s desire to buy new items

D．buying less and green buying have similar effects on people

3. According to the study, which of the following can improve one’s well-being?

A．Replacing older items.	B．Developing new resources.
C．Buying greener products.	D．Being careful with expenses.

4. What is Helm probably going to explain in the next paragraph?

A．When people develop proactive financial behaviors.

B．Which financial behaviors lead to mental well-being.

C．Why it is hard to change people’s financial behaviors.

D．How materialistic values influence financial behaviors.

8 . The new Blackfriars train station in London is a great building, giving passengers wonderful views of the city. However, they will hardly see most of London's best-known landmarks, for today they are lost in a jungle of skyscrapers, as if London were competing with Dubai (迪拜).

The new look is dull. The problem isn't modern architecture itself. When the modern combines the old, it can enhance a city. But when it has no connection to the features that have given the city its personality for hundreds of years, it overshadows that city's character.

Unattractive architectural style is one thing; unsuitable location is another. The City, London's traditional financial district, was an area of strong low-rise buildings that included old houses and pubs such as the George and Vulture, which counted Charles Dickens among its frequent customers. The glass large buildings are quickly destroying the City's character. Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas says the architectural style of cities is converging (趋同).

London is not alone. Paris is getting into the skyscraper game, as are other European capitals. Government officials view very tall buildings as global status symbols. Celebrity architects are in high demand and pump out designs apparently aimed more at attracting attention than enhancing a city's traditional view. Some of their creations are imaginative, stylish and practical; some are not, or are fine creations put at the wrong address.

The process of turning big cities into clones of Atlanta or Hong Kong can create more than strange cityscapes. They create long-term problems as well One is environmental. Skyscrapers require huge amounts of energy all year round for heating and air conditioning. Many old buildings in Europe simply rely on thick walls to ward off the heat in the summer and keep the heat in the winter.

Another big problem with modern high-rises is that they are single-purpose structures. Bank towers with huge open trading floors wired to the fastest communications networks cannot be easily remade into housing, factories or shops. For the most part, they will have to be torn down when they have outlived their usefulness. In Europe, strong old buildings keep getting reinvented, century after century. An 18th-century church can be changed into a hospital.

All in all, the main shortcoming of the skyscraper craze is the loss of urban identity. Millions of tourists go to Rome, Florence, Paris, because, for the most part, they have not been "liberated" yet by towers. If these cities look like Dubai, who will want to go there? Not me.

1. The writer thinks that __________.

A．the new Blackfriars station damages the image of London

B．skyscrapers make it easy to see London's landmarks

C．too many high buildings damage a city’s identity

D．historical houses and pubs are well preserved

2. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.

A．it's a trend to build skyscrapers worldwide

B．tall buildings are designed to be eco-friendly

C．European capitals stick to their old city styles

D．citizens view high-rises as global status symbols

3. What is the best title for the passage?

A．When Skyscrapers Can Save the City

B．How Cities Can Build a Cultural Identity

C．Why Skyscrapers Are Killing Great Cities

D．What Landmarks Are and Why They Are Important

4. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?

A．

B．

C．

D．

9 . Many people think that communication is the source of most of their work-related conflicts but they'd be wrong. In a work context, more conflicts come from structural relationships and personal differences than communication itself.

Organizations create job descriptions, specialized work groups, and authority relationships, all with the intent to improve coordination (协调). But in doing so, they separate people and create the potential for conflicts. For instance, departments within organizations have diverse goals. Purchasing is concerned with the timely acquisition of materials and supplies at low prices; quality control's attention is focused on improving quality and ensuring that the organization's products meet standard…When groups within an organization seek diverse ends, there is increased potential for conflicts.

Have you ever met people to whom you took an immediate disliking? Most of the opinions they expressed, you disagreed with. Even insignificant characteristics-the way they cocked their head when they talked or smirked when they smiled-annoyed you. We've all met people like that, and many of us have to work with people like this.

Today's organizations are increasingly diverse in terms of age, gender and race. So, not surprisingly, employees differ on the importance they place on general values such as responsibility, equality and ambition. They also differ on job-related values such as the importance of family over work or freedom against authority. These differences often surface in work-related interactions and create significant interpersonal conflicts.

The above doesn't mean that communication can't be a source of conflicts. It can. Differing word connotations, insufficient exchange of information, poor listening skills, and the like, create conflicts. But the belief that “we can deal with our differences if we just communicate more” is not necessarily true. The evidence actually shows that the potential for conflicts increases when there is too much communication as well as when there's too little.

So when you're trying to manage conflicts, take a thoughtful look at their source. It's more likely that the conflict is coming from work-related requirements, personality differences, or dissimilar values, it is from poor communication. And that might influence the actions you take to resolve the conflict.

1. From Para.2, we know that in an organization, __________.

A．job descriptions can effectively improve cooperation

B．different goals of branches may cause disagreements

C．division of labor usually results inharmonious relationship

D．the setting of different departments is to encourage competition

2. The author holds that __________.

A．fewer conflicts will appear if we communicate more

B．most people share similar values in the same organization

C．communication is just one of the reasons for most conflicts

D．we'd better calm down before taking action when in conflict

3. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

A．	B．
C．	D．

10 . Technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, GIS and Mapping, Location Technology and autonomous machines are playing a growing role in responding to COVID-19 pandemic.

An important policy for authorities across the globe right now is to prevent the spread of the virus. To ensure it, they are taking unprecedented （空前的） measures to reduce people-to-people contact. Most countries took measures like the closure of non-essential public places, ban of mass gatherings and ensuring a social distancing to limit physical contact.

However, in some areas where individuals are not obeying the restrictions knowingly or unknowingly, or do not know what the latest restrictions are, law enforcing authorities are using drones （无人机） to monitor people' s movement and break up social gatherings that could cause a risk to society. The introduction of drones at this time of crisis is reducing the risk of getting infected to police officials and other staff since it enables them to monitor a vast range of area without physical engagement.

In addition to street monitoring, authorities are also using drones to broadcast messages and information about lockdown measures, especially in rural area that lacks open communication channels for health information. Drones equipped with loudspeakers are used to make public announcements to keep people indoors, take necessary preventive measures, make social-distancing and wear a mask if stepping outside from home.

A Global Times video on Twitter shows a drone flying over a village in Inner Mongolia, warning an old lady with audio in Chinese, “Yes, Grandmother, it’s the drone who is talking to you. You should not go out without wearing a mask. You’d better go home and don' t forget to wash your hands.”

However, the use of drones raises a debate about privacy and individual rights on mainstream media as well as social media platforms.

1. What role do drones play in responding to COVID-19 pandemic?

A．Helping us know how COVID-19 spreads.

B．Preventing the spread of the virus.

C．Monitoring medical staff and collecting infected cases.

D．Monitoring social activities and broadcasting lockdown measures.

2. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A．Individuals are breaking the restrictions deliberately.

B．Authorities don't know what the latest restrictions are.

C．All people' s social gatherings could threaten society.

D．Police officials and other staff are at less risk with drones.

3. Why is a Global Times video on Twitter mentioned in the text?

A．To show drones work well without physical engagement.

B．To show drones have positive effects but sometimes scary.

C．To show people in rural area are curious about drones.

D．To show people in rural area are resistant to drones.

4. What might be discussed in the following paragraph?

A．The great demand for drones.

B．Different comments on the use of drones.

C．How to update drones.

D．How to protect people' s privacy and individual rights.