1 .

Bacteria are the one of the main food poisoners. So, to get food on the table safely, you need to know and follow the rules for food care.

KEEP FOOD HOT

High food temperatures (165°F to 212°F) reached in boiling, baking, frying, and roasting kill most food poisoning bacteria. If you want to delay serving cooked food, though, you have to keep it at a holding temperature — roughly 140°F to 165°F. Steam tables and chafing dishes are designed to maintain holding temperatures. But they don’t always keep food hot enough. So it’s not wise to leave hot food out more than 2 hours.

When cooked food is left out unheated, the possibility of bacterial growth is greater, since the food quickly drops to room temperature where food poisoners multiply.

To serve hot foods safely — particularly meat and poultry, which are highly affected by food poisoning — follow these rules:

• Cook thoroughly — Cook meat and poultry to the “doneness” temperatures given in the above chart. To make sure that meat and poultry are cooked all the way through, use a meat thermometer (温度计). Insert the tip into the thickest part of the meat, avoiding fat or bone.

• Don’t interrupt cooking — Cook meat and poultry completely at one time. Partial cooking may encourage bacterial growth before cooking is complete.

• Cooking frozen food - Allow frozen food more time to cook — generally 1.5 times the period required for food that has been thawed (解冻).

1. At what temperature do bacteria grow the fastest?

A．40ºC~ 60ºC.

B．60ºF~125ºF.

C．40ºC~ 140ºC.

D．125ºF~140ºF.

2. To keep food safe, it is suggested that ______.

A．hot food should not be left out over two hours.

B．frozen food should be thawed with a microwave oven.

C．raw ham should be cooked to the “doneness” temperature at 71ºF.

D．steam tables and chafing dishes should be used to keep food hot enough.

3. What can be learned according to the guideline?

A．The only way to ensure food safety is to keep it hot enough.

B．High food temperatures above 74ºC destroy most poisoning bacteria.

C．Compared with goose, ground beef should be cooked to higher temperatures.

D．Insert the tip of a thermometer into the thickest part of the fat to control the temperature.

2 . Is Tap Water Safe to Drink?

Tap water is not without its problems. More recently, the Michigan City of Flint has been struggling with high lead (铅) levels in its drinking water. Over the years people have witnessed major ____of groundwater pollution leading to unhealthy tap water.

The nonprofit Environmental Working Group (EWG) detected some 260 pollutants in public water supplies in 42 states and faulted the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for ____ to establish standards on so many of the pollutants - from industry, agriculture, and urban rivers - that do end up in our water.

Despite these seemingly ____ statistics, the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), which has also conducted a series of ____ tests on municipal (市政的) water supplies as well as bottled water, says, “In the short term, if you are an adult with no special health ____, and you are not pregnant, then you can drink most cities’ tap water without having to worry.” This is because most of the pollutants in public water supplies exist at such small concentrations that most people would have to ____ very large quantities for health problems to occur.

____, look at your water bottles carefully. It’s common for them to list the source as “municipal”, which means you paid for what ____ is bottled tap water.

“Pregnant women, young children, the elderly, people with chronic illnesses and those with weakened immune systems can be vulnerable (脆弱的) to the risks posed by polluted water,” NRDC does ____, however. The group suggests that anyone who may be at risk obtain a copy of their city’s annual water quality report and review it with their ____.

As for bottled water, 25 to 30 percent of it comes straight from municipal tap water systems, despite the pretty nature ____ on the bottles that imply otherwise. Some of that water goes through additional filtering (过滤), but some does not. What’s more, bottled water is required to be ____less frequently than tap water for bacteria and chemical pollutants, and U.S. Food and Drug Administration bottled water rules allow for some pollution by E. coli (大肠杆菌), ____ to EPA tap water rules that prohibit any such pollution.

Also, NRDC found that there are no ____ for bottled water to be disinfected or tested for parasites (寄生虫), unlike more strict EPA rules regulating tap water. This leaves the possibility ____, says NRDC, that some bottled water may present similar health threats to those with weakened immune systems.

1.

A．cases

B．patterns

C．models

D．modes

2.

A．managing

B．failing

C．competing

D．skipping

3.

A．endless

B．appealing

C．alarming

D．meaningless

4.

A．expansive

B．expensive

C．aggressive

D．extensive

5.

A．motivations

B．focuses

C．conditions

D．proportions

6.

A．turn in

B．give away

C．take up

D．take in

7.

A．To start with

B．After all

C．In addition

D．On the whole

8.

A．necessarily

B．essentially

C．accordingly

D．dramatically

9.

A．recommend

B．caution

C．justify

D．urge

10.

A．supervisor

B．secretary

C．authority

D．physician

11.

A．scenes

B．brands

C．data

D．prints

12.

A．questioned

B．produced

C．tested

D．advertised

13.

A．contrary

B．similar

C．relative

D．parallel

14.

A．requirements

B．suggestions

C．permissions

D．approvals

15.

A．real

B．minor

C．uncertain

D．open

3 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.   Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. mobility        B. concerning        C. joblessness        D. upcoming        E. unemployed F. automated       G. deliberately       H. inequality       I. quoted        J. assumed        K. significantly

Will a Robot Really Take Your Job?

It is one of the most widely quoted data of recent years. No report or conference presentation on the future of work is complete without it. It has been pointed to as evidence of a(n)     1     jobs disaster by think-tanks and government agencies. The finding that 47 percent of American jobs are at high risk of being     2     by the mid-2030s comes from a paper written by two Oxford academics, Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael Osborne. It has since been     3     in more than 4,000 other academic articles. Such misunderstandings reflect the polarized (两极分化的) debate     4     the nature of automation and the future of jobs.

At one extreme are the negativists. They warn of mass technological     5     just around the corner. One advocate of this position, Martin Ford, has written two best-selling books on the dangers of unemployment caused by automation. He worries that middle-class jobs will disappear, economic     6     will cease, and the richest people in a country could “shut themselves away in gated communities, perhaps guarded by self-directed military robots and drones.” The     7     masses will live on a universal basic income.

At the positive end of the debate, classical economists argue that in the past, new technology has always ended up creating more jobs than it has destroyed. It was several decades before industrialization led to     8     higher wages for British workers in the early 1800s. While automation is likely to increase     9     in the short run by pushing some people into lower-paid jobs, it eventually increases the overall size of the economic pie.

Frey is often     10     to be in the first camp. His paper simply wanted to point out that 47 percent of the current jobs in America were more likely to be affected by automation. It got more attention than they would ever have expected. In part, this is because fear sells, particularly when it is stirred up by a misunderstanding.

4 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

The Year in a Word or Two

Can anybody describe a year with only one word?

Each December, the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) nominates (提名) a word to describe the very year     1     has just passed.

2020 was a very unusual year that was really worthy     2     (describe) with two words. Two of the obvious words the OED suggested were “pandemic (疫情)” and “lockdown,” due to most of human activities across the globe     3     (bring) to a stop by the life-threatening disease. Businesses have been closed and people have had to stay in their homes for weeks or even months on end.

    4     I would like to nominate “cooperation” and “hope” as my words of the year because it is supposed to be described in a more positive and       5     (helpless) way, because there was a great deal of cooperation between countries and international health organizations. China took a leading role in this effort by sending masks and protective clothing to Canada, the United States and Europe,       6     to countries in the Middle East and Africa. Without this cooperation, the pandemic, bad       7     it has been, could have been much worse.

And that brings me to my second word: hope. We are beginning to see the light at the end of the tunnel, and, with a little “hope,” we will get to see the world begin to return to normal.

For young people, it was the first time that they       8     (experience) something big, a worry that they shared with their families, friends and neighbors, and a suffering       9     (endure) at this moment and to be endured next few weeks. And they also learned that “hope” — the belief that       10     you will see tomorrow will be better than today — is at the heart of every human being.

With “cooperation” and “hope,” 2021 should make for a wonderful year.

5 . Questions are based on the following passage.
1.

A．She wants them to lose weight, too.

B．She wants them to do exercise with her.

C．She wants them to stop eating unhealthy foods.

D．She wants their support and help with her problems.

2.

A．It does harm to one’s health.

B．It causes one to neglect other things.

C．It doesn’t help others to increase health.

D．It prevents one from achieving his or her goal.

3.

A．They don’t have practical goals.

B．They don’t strive hard for their goals.

C．They are busy and they lose focus on their goals.

D．They lose focus on their goals shortly after they set them.

4.

A．Celebrate the success in reaching the goal.

B．Set and achieve another goal of higher levels.

C．Encourage close friends to set and reach their goals.

D．Acknowledge the achievement and see what the next step is.

6 .

A．The construction lasts longer than expected.

B．The man usually gets up late.

C．The workers drive the man crazy.

D．The construction is really annoying.