1 . One of the presents in my house this Christmas was a late 18th-century volume of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (大英百科全书). It is a window into the discoveries and thinking of the time. The encyclopaedia is an entertaining reminder of how
Our confusion is the theme of Spoon-Fed, a book by one of Britain’s leading nutrition researchers, Tim Spector of King’s College London. Its subtitle is: “Why almost everything we’ve been told about food is wrong.” It is a call for us to
One by one Spector offers answers to recent food
Spector also offers more than a set of currently
Some combination of food choices, genes, environment and the chemical reactions generated by our microbiome — the unique microbe (微生物的) combinations in our body ― yes different
A.well-known | B.aim-oriented | C.ill-founded | D.long-lived |
A.certain about | B.ignorant of | C.capable of | D.worried about |
A.decisions | B.courses | C.focuses | D.suggestions |
A.facts | B.chances | C.reasons | D.features |
A.investigate | B.demand | C.concentrate | D.spend |
A.supplies | B.shortages | C.standards | D.myths |
A.culture | B.history | C.economy | D.health |
A.equally | B.practically | C.socially | D.impossibly |
A.effectiveness | B.consciousness | C.competitiveness | D.emptiness |
A.serves | B.shares | C.recognizes | D.dismisses |
A.pointless | B.topical | C.defensible | D.additional |
A.emotional | B.significant | C.questionable | D.forgivable |
A.individual | B.unpredictable | C.important | D.available |
A.changes | B.outcomes | C.profits | D.addicts |
A.start | B.analyze | C.stop | D.reflect |
2 . You May Need a Few Minutes of Brisk Activity
Walking from room to room, running up and down stairs to deliver folded laundry, or taking a jog around the block... Which ones would best help or hurt your brain? A recent study attempted to a answer that question by strapping( 绑上) activity monitors to the thighs of nearly 4,500 people in the United Kingdom and
Here’s the good news. People who spent “even small amounts of time in more vigorous activities—as little as six to nine minutes—compared to sitting, sleeping or gentle activities had
Moderate physical activity is
The study found that doing just under 10 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) each day led to
The cognitive improvement was
“Now that we don’t monitor participants’ cognition over the course of many years, the results of this study may simply be telling us that those individuals who move more tend to have higher cognition on average,” he said. “While on the other hand, the results do also imply that even making
There was bad news as well. Spending more time sleeping, sitting or engaged only in mild movement was linked to a negative impact on the brain. The study found cognition declined 1% to 2% after replacing an
Additional studies need to be done to
A.modifying | B.tricking | C.clarifying | D.tracking |
A.lower | B.higher | C.smaller | D.bigger |
A.typically | B.previously | C.barely | D.absolutely |
A.ranges from | B.arises from | C.keeps from | D.stems from |
A.calm | B.push | C.boost | D.slow |
A.improvements | B.adjustments | C.requirements | D.statements |
A.arguing | B.meditating | C.planning | D.compromising |
A.imposing | B.modest | C.accessible | D.reliable |
A.phasing | B.indulging | C.meditating | D.engaging |
A.maximum | B.lasting | C.temporary | D.minimal |
A.leading | B.positive | C.quantifiable | D.downstream |
A.acute | B.equivalent | C.observable | D.unimportant |
A.reject | B.propose | C.advocate | D.confirm |
A.in addition to | B.with respect to | C.prior to | D.specific to |
A.occurrence | B.performance | C.disappearance | D.convenience |
3 . Better grades might be found on the playground. A new study of elementary-age children shows that those who were not part of an after-school exercise program tended to pack on a particular type of body fat that can have deleterious impacts on brain health and thinking. But prevention and treatment could be as simple as playing more games of tag (捉迷藏,捉人游戏).
Most children do not meet the federal health guidelines for exercise, which call for at least an hour of it a day for anyone under the age of 18. Physical inactivity can result in weight gain especially around the midsection-including visceral (内脏的) fat, a type of tissue deep inside the abdomen (腹部) that is known to increase inflammation (炎症) throughout the body. It is also linked to heightened risks for diabetes and cardiovascular complications (并发症) even in children, and may contribute to declining brain function. Obese adults often perform worse than people of normal weight on tests of thinking skills.
But little has been known about visceral fat and brain health in children. For a soon-to-be-published study, researchers from Northeastern University in Boston and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaion tracked hundreds of 8-to-10-year-old children in a nine-month after-school exercise program in Urbana. Every day, one group of children played tag and other active games for about 70 minutes. The subjects in a control group continued with their normal lives, with the promise that they could join the program the following year. All the children completed tests of fitness, body composition and cognitive skills at the start and end of the program. The researchers did not ask the children to change their diets.
After the trial the exercising children who were obese at the study’s onset had less visceral fat relative to their starting weight, even if they remained overweight. They also showed significant improvements in their scores on a computerized test that measures how well children pay attention, process information and avoid being impulsive. Notably a similar effect was observed in children whose weight was normal at the start. Across the board the more visceral fat a child shed during the nine months of play, the better he or she performed on the test.
The children in the control group, in contrast had generally added to their visceral fat; this was particularly true among those who were already obese. They gained on average, four times as much visceral fat as the normal-weight children in the control group, and also did not perform as well on the subsequent test. Lauren Raine, a postdoctoral researcher at Northeastern University who conducted the study with Charles Hillman and others, says that the trial was designed to study aerobic fitness and children’s ability to think not the relation of abdominal flab to inflammation. But a reduction in overall inflammation very likely plays a role because it is thought to be unhealthy for the brain. More broadly, Raine says the study suggests that getting children to run around won’t just enhance their bodies-it might also improve their report cards.
1. What does the word “deleterious” in Paragraph One probably mean?A.inevitable | B.vigilant | C.harmful | D.beneficial |
A.games may help reduce visceral fat in children and thus improve their brain power |
B.obesity contributes to declining brain function in children |
C.children have fewer weight-related health and medical problems than adults |
D.obese children have trouble staying focused and paying attention |
A.to find the relationships between physical activity and health in children |
B.to discover the relationships between obesity and health problems in children |
C.to understand and assess the risks of obesity in young children in school |
D.to understand how games affect children in terms of academic performances |
A.Visceral Fat And Sugar-Heavy Diet Harms Your Brain |
B.Losing Fat, Gaining Brain Power, on the Playground |
C.This Is What Weight Loss Does To Your Brain |
D.Why children Shouldn’t Sit Still Under the Age of Eighteen |
广场舞 (Square Dance) 受到越来越多的人青睐。有人认为,广场舞充分利用公共资源,使人们强身健体。但也有人认为广场舞会给周围的居民带来噪音,影响人们的生活等。对此你有什么看法?请结合你的生活实际,谈谈你的想法和理由。
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A.He will go to a gym after work. |
B.He is unlikely to exercise regularly. |
C.He is not allowed to exercise in the office. |
D.He will definitely change his schedule. |
假如你是中学生李华,你的同学王海最近感觉体质较差想要健身,他对于在家添置家用健身器材和去专业健身房健身这两种方式犹豫不决。你作为班级中的健身达人,给王海写一封信谈谈你的想法,供他参考。你的信必须满足以下要求:
1. 简述你写信的目的以及你建议王海选择哪一种健身方式;
2. 说明你的理由(从便利性、费用和效果等方面对这两个健身选择进行对比)。
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