1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

You already know the fact that regular exercise is important for controlling weight and     1     (avoid)a variety of health conditions. But it can also improve your academic     2    (perform). And. if you’re a distance learning student, you may miss out on some of the opportunities for physical activity afforded to more traditional students who routinely walk around campus. But it’s well worth the effort     3     (put) the schedule exercise into practice.

The study, which     4    (publish) in the Journal of Medicine & Science, describes physical activity as     5     vigorous movement that produces sweat and heavy breathing. Mike McKenzie found that students who studied over three hours per day were 3. 5 times     6    (likely) to be exercisers. Over a decade ago, McKenzie     7     (say) researchers discovered a link     8     exercise and focus in children.

More recently, another study by Johnson reveals that even short ”microbursts“ of physical activity throughout the day can have positive effects. Jennifer tells that sitting for long periods of time,     9    college students tend to do, can have a negative health effect. In addition, the study found that five-minute bouts of walking every hour had a positive impact on mood, tiredness, and hunger at the end of a day. This may be     10    (particular)beneficial to students who also work a full-time job and study in the evening and nighttime hours.

2 . Jumping rope is popular but we tend to ignore (忽视) its benefits.     1     A study found that college men who spent 10 minutes jumping rope daily for six weeks improved their cardiovascular (心血管的) fitness just as much as college men who spent thirty minutes jogging for the same time. Here are some benefits of jumping rope.

    2    

Since most of your major muscles are working when you jump rope, the exercise creates a lot of heat in the body. Your body needs to burn more fuel to produce this energy, so it burns lots of calories. It burns more calories than any other exercises, such as jogging, cycling and swimming.

Improves coordination (协调)

Jumping rope requires good coordination, especially as you advance to more skilled moves.     3     It improves coordination by requiring several body parts to communicate in order to complete one movement. The feet must jump in time with the wrists turning in order to create a continuous jumping motion.

Reduces injury risk

With your improved coordination from jumping rope, you’ll be less likely to get hurt either during exercise or in daily activities.     4     As a result, you are more agile (灵活的) and your body awareness is improved greatly. This guarantees fewer injuries.

Improves heart health

Since jumping rope gets your heart pumping, it’s great for your cardiovascular system and heart health. Jumping rope can increase your VO₂ Max (最大摄氧量), the measure of the maximum amount of oxygen a person can breathe during exercise. The higher someone’s VO₂ max, the more cardiovascular endurance (耐受力) they have.

Jumping rope gives us a full-body workout with just one piece of equipment and one move.     5     Jump to some music, or take your rope to a nearby park to enjoy the fun.

A．Burns calories

B．Improves muscles

C．It benefits us not only physically but also mentally.

D．You can quickly swing the rope twice within each jump.

E．It may even be more effective than other forms of exercise.

F．Jumping rope forces you to move your upper and lower body together.

G．So jumping rope helps you stay calm, clear and focused in everything you do.

3 .                                                                                      You May Need a Few Minutes of Brisk Activity

Walking from room to room, running up and down stairs to deliver folded laundry, or taking a jog around the block... Which ones would best help or hurt your brain? A recent study attempted to a answer that question by strapping( 绑上) activity monitors to the thighs of nearly 4,500 people in the United Kingdom and ________ their 24-hour movements for seven days. Researchers then examined how participants’ behavior affected their short-term memory, problem-solving and processing skills.

Here’s the good news. People who spent “even small amounts of time in more vigorous activities—as little as six to nine minutes—compared to sitting, sleeping or gentle activities had ________ cognition scores,” said study author John Mitchell.

Moderate physical activity is ________ defined as brisk walking or bicycling or running up and down stairs. Vigorous movement ________ dancing, jogging, running, swimming to biking up a hill—basically any activity that is able to ________ your heart rate and breathing.

The study found that doing just under 10 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) each day led to ________ in study participants’ working memory. In addition, 10 minutes of MVPA had its biggest impact on executive processes such as ________and organization.

The cognitive improvement was ________, but the research found that the benefits grew the more time a person spent ________in the activity of an energetic workout, Mitchell said.

“Now that we don’t monitor participants’ cognition over the course of many years, the results of this study may simply be telling us that those individuals who move more tend to have higher cognition on average,” he said. “While on the other hand, the results do also imply that even making ________ changes to our daily lives can have ________ consequences for our cognition.”

There was bad news as well. Spending more time sleeping, sitting or engaged only in mild movement was linked to a negative impact on the brain. The study found cognition declined 1% to 2% after replacing an ________ portion of MVPA with eight minutes of sedentary (久坐的) behavior, six minutes of light intensity or seven minutes of sleep.

Additional studies need to be done to ________ these findings and to better understand the role that each type of activity plays ________ our cognitive abilities. However, Mitchell said, the study “highlights how even very modest differences in people’s daily movements— less than 10 minutes— can be linked to the ________of quite real changes to our cognitive health.”

1.

A．modifying

B．tricking

C．clarifying

D．tracking

2.

A．lower

B．higher

C．smaller

D．bigger

3.

A．typically

B．previously

C．barely

D．absolutely

4.

A．ranges from

B．arises from

C．keeps from

D．stems from

5.

A．calm

B．push

C．boost

D．slow

6.

A．improvements

B．adjustments

C．requirements

D．statements

7.

A．arguing

B．meditating

C．planning

D．compromising

8.

A．imposing

B．modest

C．accessible

D．reliable

9.

A．phasing

B．indulging

C．meditating

D．engaging

10.

A．maximum

B．lasting

C．temporary

D．minimal

11.

A．leading

B．positive

C．quantifiable

D．downstream

12.

A．acute

B．equivalent

C．observable

D．unimportant

13.

A．reject

B．propose

C．advocate

D．confirm

14.

A．in addition to

B．with respect to

C．prior to

D．specific to

15.

A．occurrence

B．performance

C．disappearance

D．convenience

4 . Whether someone makes you angry, you’re upset with yourself, or you’re just having a bad day, one of the best ways to direct your angry energy is through exercise. That angry energy can build inside of you.     1     If you’re looking to direct your anger through exercise, there are exercises suitable for it.

Running is a very effective technique to calm anxieties. The focus it takes to run and the endorphins your body releases will take your mind off whatever is frustrating you. Be sure to adequately warm up and stretch before you run!     2     You can enhance the benefits by running in an area that is free of distractions like around a lake or through a peaceful part of the city.

A challenging yoga practice is a great way to control your anger to help you get through it. You may be so frustrated that getting started in a yoga practice may seem impossible.     3     You can focus on directing your angry energy into each of the movements. It may also help you to have the support of the group to help you get involved.

    4     Conditioning classes are a great opportunity to focus your angry energy into hitting a heavy punching bag while also burning a lot of calories. These classes are often challenging, so you can use your anger to help you get through the difficulty of the workout. Focus on your breathing, your technique, and harnessing your anger to deliver strong punches.

Cycling is a serious cardiovascular (心血管的) workout and you can use your anger to help you push through the difficulty of it. When you go for a ride outdoors, the extra focus it takes to navigate the outside world can provide a helpful distraction from your frustration.     5    

A．It’s advisable to find a scenic route.

B．Be sure to obey traffic laws and wear a helmet.

C．Boxing is a great way to relieve your frustration.

D．Joining a class can help take the thinking out of it.

E．Watch out for any moving cars while you’re running.

F．Breathe deeply while practicing yoga and your anger will fade.

G．Working it out is an effective way to channel your rage into movement.

5 . Fast walkers may live longer than dawdlers (缓慢的人)— regardless of their weight, a new study suggests.

Researchers at Leicester University analyzed data on 474, 919 people with an average age of 52 in the UK Biobank between 2006 and 2016. They found women who walked briskly had a life expectancy of 86.7 to 87.8 years old, and men who kept up the pace had a life expectancy of 85.2 to 86.8. Slow walkers hadn’t much encouraging prospects (前景): women had a life expectancy of 72.4, and men of 64.8 years old, if they were more leisurely in their movements. According to the paper, published last week, that ratio held true even if the fast walkers were severely overweight. It does not necessarily mean fast walkers will live longer. Experts say it suggests walking speed could be a simple way for doctors to judge their patients’ general health alongside other tests.

It is hardly the first study holding up walking speed as a powerful evidence that appears to improve and determine our health.

In 2011, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) published a study by Stephanie Studenski, who found the same: walking speed was a reliable predictor of life expectancy.

In 2013, US researchers found walking pace was linked to lower heart disease risk and longer life expectancy. In 2018, a study from the University of Sydney found picking up your walking pace to even an “average speed” could cut your risk of premature death by a fifth.

And Tom Yates, the physical activity professor at Leicester who's behind the latest study, has been publishing findings on this connection for years.

In 2017, he analyzed the same UK Biobank data and found walking speed appeared to affect the risk of dying from heart disease — concluding that the slowest walkers were twice as likely to suffer a heart-related death compared to quick walkers.

1. What does the underlined word “briskly” in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Casually.

B．Quickly.

C．Actively.

D．Energetically.

2. What does the paper published last week show?

A．Most fast walkers are overweight.

B．Fast walkers have a simple way of living.

C．Walking speed can help doctors know about their patients’ general health.

D．Doctors will surely have better ways to cure their patients of their illness.

3. What did US researchers find?

A．Walking slowly is bad for people's health.

B．Walking speed can predict a person’s life expectancy.

C．People won't die early by increasing their walking pace.

D．Lower heart disease risk is determined partly by walking pace.

4. What’s the best title for the text?

A．Fast Walkers May Have a Long Life Expectancy

B．Life Expectancy Is Determined by Exercise

C．Researchers Try to Improve Life Expectancy

D．The Public Doubt Researches on Walking Speed

6 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Recently researchers went through some survey information about the health and habits of men and women in Scotland,     1     (hope) to determine how much exercise is needed to keep the Scots     2    feeling depressed. The answer: a mere 20 minutes a week of any physical exercise, whether sports, walking, gardening     3     even housecleaning. The researchers found that more exercise brought more mental-health benefits. But their overall conclusion was that being active for 20 minutes a week     4    (be) enough, if your goal is mental health.

How much exercise is enough? This is a question difficult to answer,     5     (part) because the amount of exercise needed depends on the benefits you hope to gain. Twenty minutes a week of housecleaning or other     6     (activity) may, according to the Scottish study, increase your satisfaction, but it certainly won’t do much for your physical fitness and is unlikely     7     (reduce) your risks for diseases. It also won’t help much with weight loss.

Interestingly, they did not find that exercise beyond a certain point would bring additional health benefits. According to the report, “It     8       (estimate) that people who are physically active for about seven hours a week have a 40 percent     9     (low) risk of dying early than those     10     are active for less than 30 minutes a week.”

7 . The Netherlands is the only country in the world with more bicycles than residents. By 2022, the Netherlands has had a total of about 23 million bicycles, with an ownership rate of 1.35 bikes per person. One study published by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) reports that in the Netherlands cycling prevents about 6,500 early deaths each year, and that Dutch people have 1.5 years longer life expectancy (预期寿命) due to cycling.

“The time spent cycling was about 74 minutes per week for Dutch adults aged 20 to 90 years old. The time was fairly stable over adulthood and reached its apex in the early days of retirement, in one’s 60s. The death rate reduction, which was a direct result of the average time spent cycling for a certain age group, was therefore also the highest among the seniors who just retired,” said Jeremy Smith, an expert from NIH.

What is it that makes cycling so beneficial? Obviously, cycling is a form of exercise. It is a great form of cardio (有氧的) exercise, which gets your heart pumping and helps strengthen the heart muscles. Doing cardio exercise may also help lower your blood pressure.

Furthermore, solid evidence proves the link between cycling and better thinking skills. Even younger adults claim that a bike ride helps shift their thinking to a higher level — and research backs them up. In one small study, young men are required to cycle for 30 minutes every day for 3 weeks. They also completed a series of cognitive (认知的) tests before and afterward. After cycling, they scored higher on memory, reasoning and planning, and they were able to finish the tests more rapidly than before.

Besides all the benefits mentioned above, cycling, as many Dutch put it, is a way of life. In their simplest form, bikes are tools for travelling. But they’re so much more. They are cognitive improvement, environmental protection, satisfaction and an expression of freedom. They bring people of the same passion together and connect them to a greater journey of life.

1. Why does the author list figures in paragraph 1?

A．To compare the number of residents and bikes.

B．To illustrate the link between health and cycling.

C．To indicate the urgency for green transportation.

D．To emphasize the accuracy of the study by NIH.

2. What does the underlined word “apex” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Target.

B．Peak.

C．Destination.

D．Potential.

3. What do we know about the study in paragraph 4?

A．It justifies the mental benefits of cycling.

B．It teaches practical skills about cycling.

C．It improves the critical thinking of young men.

D．It compares cognitive levels among different people.

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．Netherlands: A Country With Better Health

B．Netherlands: The Bicycle Capital of the World

C．Cycling: An Activity Bringing People Together

D．Cycling: An Activity Improving Your Health and More

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to some records,Tai Chi dates back as far as 2,500 years.It’s a practice that involves a series of slow gentle physical movements,and    1    (control)breathing.It originated as     2    ancient martial art(武术)in China.Over the years,it    3    (become)more focused on health promotion and restoration. It may be     4     (benefit)in improving balance and preventing falls in older adults and people with Parkinson’s disease. A study    5    (carry) out in 2021 to evaluate a10-week Tai Chi intervention in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic as a possible way to help improve their mental and physical health. The 30 participants were between the ages of 60 and 78 and hadn’t previously practiced Tai Chi.    6    the results suggested,Tai Chi could possibly help people cope with COVID-19 and the negative effect in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic.The authors explained that Tai Chi can be practiced    7    (easy) at home or in groups,    8     (make)it useful during pandemic conditions.This    9    (suggest)was not based on studies of Tai Chi during the COVID-19 pandemic but instead    10    past research about the general effects of Tai Chi.The authors said that future research is needed to determine the effectiveness of Tai Chi during the COVID-19 pandemic and to provide more valid and reliable data.