1 . To mark International Women’s Day, we asked Dezeen Awards judges to nominate (提名) a woman in architecture and design who should have greater recognition.
Shefali Balwani
Nominated by Kamna Malik
“Shefali Balwani is an Indian architect. Her projects have a certain voice that goes beyond the conventional definitions of architecture and design. Whenever I look at her work, I see mindfulness on so many levels, whether it is through the use of materials or the sensitivity shown towards the surroundings.”
Oana Stänescu
Nominated by Ingrid Moye
“Having met Oana Stänescu many years ago while working at SANAA in Tokyo, we have not only been following each other’s path but also become friends. I admire Oana’s curious perspective (视角) through which she observes the world. Her refreshing voice shows not only in her original architectural practice but also in her work as an academic, lecturer, and writer.”
Tatu Gatere
Nominated by Stella Mutegi
“Tatu Gatere is the co-founder and CEO of Buildher—an organization that seeks to empower women with skills needed in the construction industry, which is very male-dominated in Kenya. The skills that these women are empowered with at Buildher make a big impact on every aspect of their daily lives.”
Jessica Smulders Cohen
Nominated by Katie Treggiden
“Having studied sustainable design at Kingston University, Jessica Smulders Cohen decided not to become a designer or a maker, but instead to become a repair specialist. Jess and her work deserve more recognition because our whole industry needs to move away from pursuing newness and instead prioritize reuse and repair—it is the only hope we have for a circular future that will enable our species to live well on this planet.”
1. What do Balwani and Stänescu have in common?| A．Writing many books. | B．Being creative architects. |
| C．Working for SANAA in Tokyo. | D．Empowering construction workers. |
| A．She is a writer. | B．She is a friend of Stänescu. |
| C．She once worked for Stänescu. | D．She thinks Stänescu has a beautiful voice. |
| A．Shefali Balwani’s. | B．Oana Stänescu’s. |
| C．Tatu Gatere’s. | D．Jessica Smulders Cohen’s. |
| A．A designer. | B．A maker. | C．An architect. | D．A repair specialist. |
| A．She excels at designing and making. | B．She contributes to a sustainable planet. |
| C．She promotes equal rights between genders. | D．She gets where she is through self-education. |
1．成立该社团的目的；
2．社团拟开展的活动及原因。
参考词汇：校委会：School Committee
注意：
1．词数不少于100；
2．可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯。
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3 . People say home is where the heart is. However, when the home you’re living in isn’t safe, the heartache can be a real headache. That was the
When Alvero Wiggins was diagnosed with kidney failure, it created a(n)
MacLaren was
“It means a lot to us to have a home,” Wiggins told CBC with
| A．case | B．ambition | C．solution | D．request |
| A．opposite | B．predictable | C．desired | D．lasting |
| A．improvement | B．treatment | C．experiment | D．argument |
| A．taking on | B．returning to | C．searching for | D．knocking off |
| A．encouraged | B．forbidden | C．forced | D．allowed |
| A．unknown | B．stable | C．necessary | D．tough |
| A．Accidentally | B．Gradually | C．Fortunately | D．Hopefully |
| A．After | B．Before | C．Since | D．Despite |
| A．fought | B．sat | C．worked | D．studied |
| A．invested | B．suffered | C．wondered | D．gained |
| A．teaching | B．understanding | C．helping | D．accepting |
| A．pretended | B．deserved | C．managed | D．needed |
| A．important | B．challenging | C．fruitless | D．unpleasant |
| A．in place of | B．in response to | C．in charge of | D．in memory of |
| A．started | B．borrowed | C．exchanged | D．raised |
| A．imagination | B．decision | C．assumption | D．discovery |
| A．efforts | B．words | C．tips | D．dreams |
| A．excitement | B．embarrassment | C．confusion | D．sorrow |
| A．reward | B．thank | C．greet | D．invite |
| A．take place | B．get across | C．catch on | D．turn around |
1.活动时间和地点（3. 29日-4. 6日，五大道）
2.活动内容：如观赏海棠花，看文化表演等。
3.邀请他明年来参加
注意：词数不少于100；可适当增加细节，使行文连贯
参考词汇：海棠节 Begonia Festival
Dear Chris,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Jin
5 . Have you ever witnessed the astonishing beauty of auroras (极光)? They are a gift from the heavens resulting from the interaction between the atmosphere and cosmic radiation.
However, as the saying goes: One man’s meat is another man’s poison. In South Korea, a flight attendant, 53, died from cancer due to prolonged exposure to intense cosmic radiation, determined a South Korean labor court.
According to South Korean authorities, the flight attendant logged an average of 1, 022 annual flying hours throughout his career, with half of his flights spent crossing the regions in and around the North Pole, where cosmic radiation reaches extraordinarily high levels.
Cosmic radiation, which comes from the sun and other stars in the galaxy, is constantly hitting Earth. According to the International Atomic Energy Agency, cosmic radiation can be divided into two types: solar radiation and galactic cosmic radiation. Solar radiation comprises charged particles emitted by the sun, known as the solar wind, while galactic cosmic radiation comes from the remnants (残余部分) of supernovas (超新星) - powerful explosions created during the last life stages of massive stars.
Despite the continuous and powerful nature of cosmic radiation, we are generally shielded from their worst effects. Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere provide protection from this radiation, with the magnetic field being strongest in tropical areas and weakest at the poles. Consequently, individuals living in higher latitudes, like Heilongjiang province, experience slightly more cosmic radiation than those in lower latitudes, such as Hainan province. Moreover, at higher altitudes, such as when passengers are flying on an airplane, the thinner atmosphere results in more intense exposure to cosmic radiation.
For astronauts and flight attendants on polar routes, lacking the shielding offered by Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere exposes them to potential health risks. According to NASA, astronauts who spend six months in space encounter a radiation exposure roughly equivalent to undergoing 1,000 chest X-rays.
However, what makes cosmic radiation dangerous also holds therapeutic (治疗的) potential. The high speed and energy of cosmic radiation have provided insights into treating tumors (肿瘤). Scientists can now artificially produce charged particles similar to cosmic radiation. Compared to conventional radiotherapy (放疗), charged particles can target tumors more effectively with less harm to the surrounding healthy tissues, according to the journal Frontiers in Oncology.
1. What does the article tell us about cosmic radiation?| A．It primarily comes from the remnants of supernovas. |
| B．It generates harmful substances in the atmosphere. |
| C．It’s linked to an increased risk of cancer. |
| D．It consists entirely of charged particles. |
| A．Individuals living at higher altitudes. | B．People traveling across the equator. |
| C．Those living near the equator. | D．Workers stationed at the poles. |
| A．Exposed to dangers. | B．Protected from potential harm. |
| C．Separated from the environment. | D．Influenced by external factors. |
| A．Cosmic radiation consists only of protons and electrons. |
| B．Cosmic radiation poses no risks to humans or other living organisms. |
| C．Astronauts are not required to wear protective suits to minimize their exposure to cosmic radiation. |
| D．Certain types of cosmic radiation particles can be used to precisely destroy cancer cells. |
| A．Cosmic radiation is only a danger and should be avoided at all costs. |
| B．Scientists are only exploring the harmful effects of cosmic radiation. |
| C．The medical applications of cosmic radiation are still in their early stages of development. |
| D．Cosmic radiation particles are used as a primary treatment for all types of cancer. |
6 . Yesterday, I was standing in line at a store and the song Please Come to Boston which was quite popular when I was in high school, came on in the background. I hadn’t heard it for years. Suddenly, I was overcome by flashbacks of people and places linked to that song from earlier stages of my life.
It seems people tend to be extremely nostalgic (怀旧的) about the music they listened to when they were young. Psychological research has shown that autobiographical memories (life experiences) from certain time periods are remembered better than others. One obvious phenomenon is the “reminiscence bump” (记忆隆起): the fact that people tend to recall memories from when they were 10 to 30 years old much better. That’s because this period contains many novel and self-defining life experiences such as graduation and marriage. Biological changes may also boost the effectiveness of our memories from this period.
In our experiment, we investigated the presence of the “musical reminiscence bump” in a group of 470 adults aged 18 to 82. Our aim was to examine how a person’s age when a song was popular affected three related but distinct concepts: the degree to which the song was associated with autobiographical memories, how familiar the song was and how much they liked the song. Participants were shown the titles and artists of 111 pop songs that had featured in the charts across a 65-year period (1950~2015). After a given time, they were asked to complete the measurement.
We discovered music during one’s adolescence was rated as more familiar. In addition, we found some songs were preferred regardless of a participant’s age. For instance, we saw a general increase in how much people liked songs from the late 1970s to early 1980s, even in participants who weren’t yet born during that time period. Examples of songs we used from this time period include Hotel California by the Eagles.
Music can undeniably cause nostalgia. For example, advertisers want to elicit (引出) a nostalgic reaction from a certain group of consumers. And they should notice doctors who aim to reconnect patients suffering from memory loss with self-defining memories from their pasts can also take advantage of nostalgia.
1. What does the author want to imply through his own experience at a store?| A．His taste for music in high school. |
| B．His way of killing the boring queuing time. |
| C．The link between sales and background music. |
| D．Music’s ability to waken memories from the past. |
| A．It helps improve our childhood memories) |
| B．It still remains a mystery to modern science. |
| C．Events occurring during it are more memorable. |
| D．It explains why some have a better memory than others. |
| A．Make a list of their favorite songs and artists. |
| B．Provide ratings of three music-related questions. |
| C．Learn to sing some songs released in the past 65 years. |
| D．Compare the features of pop songs from different periods. |
| A．The Eagles were a representative band in the late 20th century. |
| B．Pop music stars’ adolescence had a great impact on their works. |
| C．The late 1970s and early 1980s were the peak of music creation. |
| D．Pop music from certain time periods was favored by different generations. |
| A．Musical nostalgia has practical applications in life. |
| B．All doctors are responsible for treating nostalgia. |
| C．Too much nostalgia may lead to memory loss to a degree. |
| D．Advertisers are good at analyzing consumers’ musical tastes. |
7 . To save the environment, we must all join in — and nobody knows this better than 70-year-old grandmother Pat Smith who spent 2018 cleaning up litter from 52 beaches in Cornwall on the United Kingdom’s south coast.
Smith set out in January, 2018 to carry out her New Year’s resolution of making her community a better and cleaner place. The ambitious goal came to her after she watched a documentary on plastic pollution the previous year, and she knew she couldn’t just sit by.
Often, volunteers would join her in her efforts, including her grandchildren, or she would join hands with other campaigners such as Wayne Dixon, who is walking around the UK coast as an ambassador for Keep Britain Tidy.
During her beach cleans, Smith was sometimes mistaken for doing community service! She said, “People don’t understand I’ve been doing this voluntarily. We should all take responsibility for picking up the litter as well as ensuring we don’t drop litter in the first place.
Even before her beach cleanups, Smith had begun her first environmental campaign to eliminate plastic straws (吸管) in her city of Cornwall . To date, she has encouraged 600 local companies to stop using unnecessary plastic. In an effort to make her hometown an example for the plastic-free movement in the United Kingdom, she founded The Final Straw Cornwall in the summer of 2017. “I founded the Final Straw to try and raise awareness of the disastrous damage we are doing to our oceans from our casual consumption of single-use plastics. I feel I have a responsibility to my children and grandchildren to do something about it.” She said.
Her resolution year may be over but this environmentally conscious grandma continues her quest (追求). “A lot of the rubbish I’ve picked up consists of everyday items,” said Smith. “These things are used by all of us and it is shocking to find them polluting our beautiful beaches. Please let’s try to be more thoughtful in this coming year. I’m driven to try and protect our living planet for my children and grandchildren and I will continue to do everything in my power to achieve that.”
1. What led to Smith’s New Year’s resolution of cleaning her community?| A．Community service. |
| B．A film or television program. |
| C．Various ocean protection campaigns. |
| D．Serious pollution in her community. |
| A．She was forced to do that. |
| B．She just pretended to be caring. |
| C．She actually did only a little work. |
| D．She wouldn’t stick to the work for long. |
| A．set an example to other aged people |
| B．stop her local companies from producing plastic straws |
| C．keep her promise to her children and grandchildren |
| D．make people conscious of the plastic-related environmental problem |
| A．It’s everyone’s duty. |
| B．It’s as hard as people think. |
| C．Prevention is more important than protection. |
| D．The younger generation don’t care about it enough. |
| A．Proud. | B．Happy. | C．Stressed. | D．Determined. |
8 . Team-building exercises have become popular for managers trying to increase organizational and team harmony and productivity. Unfortunately, many employees are angry about compulsory bonding and often regard these exercises as a nuisance (烦事).
A paper published this week by University of Sydney researchers in Social Networks has reported participants' feelings about team-building intervention (干预), revealing ethical implications in forcing employees to take part.
“Many people see team building activities as a waste of time, so we decided to look in more depth at what's behind this,” said the paper's lead researcher, Dr Peter Matous.
“Teams are formed, combined and restructured. Staff are relocated and office spaces redesigned. All this is done with the aim of improving workplace efficiency, collaboration and cohesion. But does any of this work?” said Dr Matous.
The study found that team-building exercises which focused on the sharing of and intervening into personal attitudes and relationships between team members were considered too rude and nosy (爱打听), although the researchers say some degree of openness and vulnerability (脆弱) is often necessary to make deep, effective connections with colleagues.
"Some participants were against team-building exercises because they were indirectly compulsory. They didn't welcome management's interest in their lives beyond their direct work performance," said Matous. "Many people don't want to be forced into having fun or making friends, especially not on top of their busy jobs. They feel management is being too nosy or trying to control their lives too much."
In this study the researchers recommended a self-disclosure (表露) approach where participants were guided through a series of questions that allowed them to increasingly disclose personal information and values. The method is well-tested and has been shown to increase interpersonal closeness. However, to be successful it must be voluntary.
The researchers said there are numerous schools of thought that propose differing psychological methods for strengthening relationships. “With caution, many relational methods to improve teams and organizations can be borrowed from other fields. The question is how to apply them effectively to strengthen an entire collective, which is more than just the sum of individual relationships,” said Dr Matous.
1. Why are many employees opposed to team-building exercises?| A．They consider such exercises annoying. |
| B．They deem these exercises counter-productive. |
| C．They see such exercises as harmful to harmony. |
| D．They find these exercises too demanding. |
| A．They relocated team leaders and their offices. |
| B．They rearranged the staff and office spaces. |
| C．They redesigned the staffs work schedules. |
| D．They reintroduced some cohesive activities. |
| A．They were intended to share personal attitudes and relationships. |
| B．They indirectly added to the vulnerability of team members. |
| C．They always strengthened connections among colleagues. |
| D．They were regarded as a violation of employees' privacy. |
| A．By allowing participants freedom to express themselves. |
| B．By applying it to employees who volunteer to participate. |
| C．By arranging in proper order the questions participants face. |
| D．By guiding employees through a series of steps in team building. |
| A．They must be used in combination for an entire collective. |
| B．They prioritize some psychological aspects over others. |
| C．They place too much stress on individual relationships. |
| D．They have to be applied cautiously to be effective. |
9 . The funny thing about basically doing anything is that we typically know what to do. The hard thing is actually doing it, day after day after day. The problem isn’t knowledge. The problem is willpower. Hold that thought.
Last year a friend wanted to get in better shape, so he started the Hard 75 Challenge, which involves following a diet, working out twice a day for 45 minutes each session, drinking a gallon of water, reading 10 pages of a nonfiction personal development book, and taking a picture of yourself. Every day. For 75 straight days.
Fail to complete any of the above on any given day? Start over.
In many ways, Hard 75 is similar to a diet. As anyone who has tried knows, following a specific diet is hard. Temptation. Availability. Consistently making the right choices is hard.
The same is true for exercising outdoors. It’s hard to force yourself to go for a run when your day got away from you and it’s 8 p.m. and raining and 35 degrees. If you can pull off the Hard 75, that’s awesome.
But it’s really hard.
And it was really hard for my friend.
He started, got disappointed, got up the determination to start over, got disappointed, forced himself to start over… while he got in a little better shape, he didn’t make the progress he hoped for.
Then he took a different approach. Instead of following a strict diet, he just created a few simple rules. He wanted to eat healthier, so he cut out all “white” foods (breads, white rice, potatoes, crackers, added sugar). When he went out to eat, he avoided failing to find the “right” food by just choosing the healthiest option available.
And instead of following a specific exercise program, he just decided that he would always work out for at least 20 minutes every day. Most of the time he did longer workouts, but still: The only rule he had for himself was that he would work out for just at least 20 minutes a day. That way he never “failed,” never got disappointed, and never felt like he had to start over. As long as he got his 20, he was good.
The same approach applies to everything. In my case, I decided I needed to drink more water and less soda. So I decided I would always drink water with meals. Within a couple days, that habit became automatic.
Bottom line? Diets are bad. Having to rely on willpower is even worse.
Rules, on the other hand, are easy.
And great, especially when those rules help take you to the place you someday want to be.
1. We can learn about the Hard 75 Challenge that it ____.| A．lasts 75 days straight without any additional efforts |
| B．imposes demanding requirements on the participants |
| C．requires participants to exercise on hot and rainy days |
| D．aims to cultivate people’s ability to appreciate literature |
| A．he was not determined enough | B．he didn’t have enough knowledge |
| C．he made the wrong choices | D．he followed a strict diet |
| A．Picking his own diet and always follow it. | B．Eating the healthiest foods available. |
| C．Sticking to doing intense exercise indoors. | D．Pushing himself to prolong daily workouts. |
| A．in most cases we typically know what to do | B．persisting in doing something daily is hard |
| C．we might well fail with stronger willpower | D．some simple rules are easier to carry out |
| A．help you achieve goals by making the habit stick | B．encourage people to drink enough water |
| C．reverse the effect of relying on willpower | D．prevent you from getting lost in a place |
10 . Life’s journey can often be a lonely one without the comforting presence of companionship. While the significance of friendship is frequently praised, the true essence (本质) of being a genuine friend is often overlooked. A true friend is like family, and the bond you share is strong enough to stand the test of even long periods without talking. Then what contributes to true friendship?
Will Smith’s words, “If you’re absent during my struggle, don’t expect to be present during my success,” capture the essence of real friendship. We all face tough times, feeling depressed or even hopeless at times. A genuine friend stands by their companion through both the ups and downs of life. While it’s effortless to share joyous moments, friendship shines through during tough times. True friends do not abandon each other in times of trouble; instead, they face challenges together, providing mutual support even if it goes against their own interests.
True friends not only stand by you through thick and thin, but also offer constructive criticism when necessary. Oscar Wilde once said, “The truth is rarely pure and never simple,” highlighting how tough it can be to tell friends things they might not want to hear. While delivering criticism is never easy, a genuine friend is unafraid to point out mistakes or misguided paths. Giving constructive criticism, along with helpful advice, is a key part of true friendship. A true friend will speak up if they see you heading down a harmful path, even if it’s uncomfortable. The reluctance to speak up against a friend’s bad decision may lead to regret. As Wilde suggests, truth can be complex, but it’s important to express genuine concern. In a strong friendship, honest and caring advice weaves a web of trust and mutual growth.
In conclusion, the essence of true friendship lies in the willingness to sacrifice personal comfort for the benefit of a friend. Genuine friends are not fair-weather companions; they are present through highs and lows, and provide constructive criticism with care. To have even one true friend is a blessing that should be treasured. Let us strive to be true friends and, in turn, cherish the true friends we encounter on life’s journey.
1. In Paragraph 1, the author presents ______.| A．the essential nature of true friendship |
| B．the significance of family bonds over friendship |
| C．the challenges of maintaining lasting relationships |
| D．the contribution of personal qualities to true friendship |
| A．It merely exists during moments of success. |
| B．It relies on criticizing friends during tough times. |
| C．It prioritizes personal interests over companionship. |
| D．It involves mutual support during both highs and lows. |
| A．adopting proper exaggerations | B．employing famous quotes |
| C．sharing personal experiences | D．providing statistical evidence |
| A．Friends who are always reliable and trustworthy. | B．Friends who offer constructive criticism with care. |
| C．Friends who only support you during good times. | D．Friends who show little interest in your success. |
| A．Better an honest enemy than a false friend. |
| B．Friendship is the only ship that never sinks. |
| C．Friendship is like money, easier made than kept. |
| D．Friends catch you when you fall and push you forward. |
