1 . We learn about the world through the knowledge accumulated over thousands of years. standing on the shoulders of great men, we don’t have to experience endless trial and error, just as the wheels do not have to be reinvented each time to run a car. But where does our ability to learn from others come from?

A study led by Markus Paulus, professor at Loyola Marymount University, shows that the ability has its roots in earliest childhood. “It’s generally assumed that children’s ability to imitate (模仿) is inborn, but according to our observation, children imitate because they themselves are imitated by caregivers. This interaction enables a cultural transfer of knowledge, which, through generations’ efforts, consequently leads to the development of human beings,” says Markus Paulus.

In this research, Paulus recorded the interaction between mother and child over several months. The babies came into the lab for the first time at the age of6 months , while their final visit was when they were18 months old. As they engaged in various play situations , the interactions and imitations of mother and child were analyzed. The long-term study showed that the more sensitive a mother was in her interactions with her six- month-old child and the more often she imitated the baby, the greater the child’s overall ability was at the age of18 months.

Paulus’ research shows that mutual imitation is the keystone of knowledge transfer , through which children successfully learn various skills, such as how to use objects , waving and acquisition of language. “This interaction is the nucleus of learning and, finally, gives rise to evolutionary success of human,” says Paulus.

“Cultural learning is an essential part of human evolution, and it is rooted in the imitation of others, particularly our caregivers during our earliest childhood,” says Paulus. “Through this, we learn from each other and pass on knowledge to the next generation, so certain actions or techniques do not have to be constantly invented again. ”

1. Why does the author mention the example of wheels?

A．To praise the invention of car wheels.	B．To describe the process of trial and error.
C．To emphasize the necessity of new tools.	D．To show the importance of prior knowledge.

2. What can we learn about Paulus’ research?

A．Children’s imitation was recorded by mothers.

B．Sensitive mothers encouraged children’s imitation.

C．Children’s ability was analyzed through interaction.

D．Effective interaction promoted children’s development.

3. What does the underlined word “nucleus” mean in paragraph 4?

A．Core.

B．Result.

C．Aim.

D．Content.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Why does Evolution Matter?	B．How to Interact with Children?
C．Imitation: The Engine of Evolution	D．Cultural Learning: The Root of Imitation

2 . The Art Institute of Chicago

Visitor Information

Museum Hours

Members: The first hour of every day, 10 a.m. —11 a.m., is reserved for member-only viewing.

Monday—Wednesday Closed

Thursday: 11 a.m.—8 p. m.

Friday—Sunday: 11 a.m.—5 p. m.

●Audio Guide

Audio guides can be rented at the admission counter, audio counter and outside some special exhibitions. The guide is free to visitors with visual or hearing disabilities.

●Journey Maker

With the digital interactive JourneyMaker, you can build custom family guides based on your child’s interests-from superheroes to strange and wild creatures. Start your museum journey in the Family Room of the Ryan Leaning Center, and make your visit to the Art Institute an adventure for the whole family.

●Official Mobile App

Your personal, pocket-sized guide to the collection, this new iOS app features podcast-style audio tours, location-aware technology, access to the digital member card, and so much more. Download it today from the App Store.

●Photography

We encourage you to take pictures of the collection and special exhibitions for personal use. Signs indicate the few works that are not allowed to be photographed due to a lender requirement.

●Phones

You are welcome to use your phone to take pictures, text, and use the museum’s app-anything that does not disturb other visitors. If you need to make a phone call, please do so in a non-gallery space.

●Valet Parking

Art Institute visitors can drop off their cars at the Modern Wing entrance (159 East Monroe Street) and walk right into the museum. The valet service is available daily from 10:30 a. m. until one-half hour after closing.

●Admission

Adult: $ 32

Student: $ 26

Child (aged 13 and under): Free

Help us protect the collection-please do not touch the art.

1. How long at maximum can a visitor stay in the museum per day?

A．1 hour.

B．6 hours.

C．9 hours.

D．10 hours.

2. What can be learned from the Visitor Information?

A．Valet parking is not available after closing.	B．All artworks are encouraged to be pictured.
C．Audio guide is free to every museum visitor.	D．Family guides can be tailored to visitors’ needs.

3. How much would a couple with two children aged 6 and 14 pay for admission?

A．$ 64.

B．$ 90.

C．$ 116.

D．$ 128.

3 . SEA Summer High School Programs 2022

Science at SEA

Science at SEA is a four-week program for rising high school juniors and seniors, as well as recent high school graduates, which focuses on the coastal and offshore marine environment around Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The program includes a shore component on the SEA campus in Woods Hole and a sea component aboard the Sailing School Vessel (SSV) Corwith Cramer.

July 21 — August 13       Expense: $4,000

SEA Quest

SEA Quest is a two-week program that welcomes high school students and recent graduates. Participants will gain hands-on experience conducting field research, sailing at all ship, and understanding of the complexities of creating and managing marine reserves. They return home with a broader sense of the ocean's importance to our planet and the need to preserve this precious resource for future generations. Life here is fast-paced. No prior sailing experience is necessary. Strong desire to learn is required!

July 11 — July 22             Expense: $3,200

SEA Cape

This three-week summer program at SEA offers current high school students the opportunity to study the marine environment from a variety of perspectives: scientific, historical, and literary. Participants live and study at our campus in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

June 27 — July 14            Expense: $3,800

SEA Expedition

This two-week summer program for high school students, including graduating seniors, is centered on learning by doing. SEA Expedition is a multidisciplinary experience that welcomes students to participate in every aspect of a challenging offshore sailing and oceanographic expedition, and occurs entirely aboard the SSV Corwith Cramer. Life at sea is fast-paced and tough.

July 5 — July 17               Expense: $3,500

1. Which program lasts the longest?

A．Science at SEA.

B．SEA Quest.

C．SEA Cape.

D．SEA Expedition.

2. What is necessary for participants in SEA Quest?

A．Previous experience in sailing.	B．Great eagerness to study the sea.
C．Ability to conduct scientific experiments.	D．Knowledge of sea resources preservation.

3. What is special about SEA Expedition?

A．It offers opportunities of sailing.	B．It entirely takes place on a ship.
C．It features many relaxing activities.	D．It allows graduates to participate in.

4 . A fourth color might be added to traffic lights to better realize the potential of self-driving vehicles, as stated in a recent paper by researchers at North Carolina State University in the US.

Autonomous vehicles can do more than just drive-they are able to sense their surroundings and upload information. A shared network gives orders to stop at a crossing based on traffic conditions.

The added white lights would be used to signal to human drivers that autonomous vehicles are managing the upcoming traffic flow intelligently. Drivers don’t have to check the traditional lights if the white one is on. “The white lights will tell human drivers to simply follow the car in front of them,” one of the study authors Ali Hajbabaie told the university’s website.

Simulated (模拟的) models showed that autonomous vehicles were able to improve traffic flow on their own. Introducing the white light also has a positive effect on reducing fuel consumption. The higher the percentage of autonomous vehicles at a crossing, the faster the traffic moves, reducing about 40 to 99 percent of the total delay time.

What kind of infrastructure (基础设施) is needed as self-driving technology thrives? In an interview with China Surveying and Mapping magazine, Liu Jingnan at the Chinese Academy of Engineering shared his answers.

To begin with, the vehicle’s network that collects data about the environment and shares the data with other vehicles needs to be intelligent. High-precision maps are needed for autonomous vehicles to plan routes in detail. They can provide both updated information on traditional maps and real-time changes, such as accidents.

For example, when driving around a curve, the navigation (导航) system in the vehicle needs to calculate the safe speed based on the map’s information. And if the area is foggy, the network has to alarm the other cars to slow down.

Other elements on the road need to be upgraded too. For example, road markings should be precise and readable for machines. Sensors should be built on sidewalks and roads to allow vehicles to predict potentially dangerous situations.

1. What is the purpose of adding a white light to traffic lights?

A．To signal to self-driving cars when to stop.

B．To help driverless cars assess traffic conditions.

C．To tell human drivers to go after the cars in front.

D．To signal to human drivers to pass the cars ahead.

2. According to the article, what effect would the introduction of self-driving cars bring about?

A．Increased road safety.	B．Reduced fuel efficiency.
C．Less time stuck in traffic.	D．Unpredictable traffic patterns.

3. What is a function of high-precision maps in self-driving technology?

A．To calculate a safe speed for vehicles.	B．To provide real-time weather updates.
C．To plan routes for autonomous vehicles.	D．To offer real-time data on road conditions.

4. What does the author intend to prove in the second-to-last paragraph?

A．The advantages of autonomous vehicles.

B．The role of the navigation system in self-driving cars.

C．The application of the infrastructure in self-driving cars.

D．The efficiency of self-driving cars handling emergencies.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式,答案写在答题卡上。

During the past three decades,China    1     (witness)the railway industry’s transformation from making slow trains     2     making domestically manufactured high-speed trains

In 1997,China started     3     (it)first significant railway speed increase. Since then, the country’s high-speed rail technology has continued to achieve breakthroughs250 km/h to 350 km/h and then to 400 km/h.Made-in-China high-speed trains not only operate     4     (smooth) in freezing weather and desert    5     (region),but they also come with driverless technology Millions of railway workers take pride in their roles as the company provides    6     clear route for their professional advancement.Through    7     (train), practical operation and assessment, they can move up as a wiring worker to a technician, an operator an expert and even a scientist

As trains become faster and more intelligent, their software and hardware systems will become more complex thus requiring    8     (high)technical competence for daily maintenance by railway workers. For these diligent railway workers    9     have skilled craftsmanship, improving their skills tirelessly to ensure safe operation of the trains seems like an     10     (end)learning curve throughout life.

6 . Researchers at the University of Cambridge carried out a year-long study with Design and Technology(D&T) year 9 pupils at two London schools. Pupils at one school spent the year following school lessons while the other group’s D&T lessons used a set of engineering design thinking tools. Creativity of both groups of pupils was assessed at the start and end of the school year using an authoritative mental test.

Results showed a significant increase in creativity among pupils at the intervention(干预) school where thinking tools were used. At the start of the year, the creativity scores of pupils at the control school were 11% higher than those at the intervention school according to data from the mental test. By the end, however, creativity scores of pupils in the intervention group were 78% higher than those in the control group.

The research is part of a program called Designing Our Tomorrow and challenges pupils to find ways of dealing with real-world problems by thinking about the thoughts and feelings of others. The particular challenge used in the study required pupils at the intervention school to design an asthma-treatment(哮喘治疗) pack for children. Pupils were given various “tools”. They were shown data on the number of asthma-related deaths of children in the UK, and a video about a child having an attack. They also explored the problem and tested their design ideas by role-playing---for example---patients, family members, and medical staff.

Nicholl, Senior Lecturer in Design and Technology Education, said, “When I taught D&T, I didn’t see children as potential engineers who would one day contribute to the economy - they were just people who needed to be ready to go into the world at 18. Although teaching empathy(同理心) has been part of the D&T National Curriculum for over two decades, this study suggests it is still a missing link in the creative process, and vital if we want education to encourage designers and engineers of tomorrow.”

1. What can we learn about the control group?

A．They used thinking tools.

B．They didn’t take D&T lessons.

C．They followed standard courses.

D．They got higher creativity scores twice.

2. Why do researchers give pupils various “tools”?

A．To develop their empathy.

B．To test their creativity levels.

C．To inspire them to solve problems.

D．To help them understand asthma.

3. What is Nicholl’s attitude to current D&T teaching?

A．Appreciative.

B．Doubtful.

C．Objective.

D．Unsatisfied.

4. Which can be the best title for the text?

A．Teaching Kids Empathy Is a Must.

B．Pupils Should Empathise with Others.

C．Empathy Improves Creativity in Pupils.

D．Empathy Is Missing in the Creative Process.

7 . She was dancing. My disabled grandmother was dancing. I stood in the living room doorway absolutely ________. I looked how her body bent beautifully, her arms greeting the sunlight that was ________ through the window. And her legs… Those legs that had ________ walked, aided with a walking stick as long as I could remember. Now she was wearing beautiful dancing shoes and her legs ________ her perfectly.

She turned around and saw me standing in the doorway. Her beautiful movement ended so ________ that it felt like being shaken awake from a beautiful dream. Grandma looked so much like a kid ________ with her hand in a cookie jar. Grandma sighed and gave me the whole story.

“________, my legs have been well all my life”, she said. She thought for a while and then continued. “We were talking about engagement when your grandfather had to go to war. I put all my energy and time into ________. I was invited to perform with the best and one day I realized

I was considered to be one of them. And then one day a letter from the ________ came. He lost his leg and asked me to forget about him.”

“What happened then?” I ________ her.

“I made my decision ________. I loved him so much that I was not going to lose him to depression. I told everyone I had been in a car ________ and that my leg would never completely heal again. My dancing days were over. I only danced at home when no one was around and never ________ my decision. I figured I could change a few years of fame to a lifetime of ________. And I was right. It was worth it.”

Tears filled my eyes. I was thinking about how much joy we can bring to each others’ lives. I know people who have chosen to ________ a lot and done it gladly to achieve something they considered worth it, just like my grandma.

1.

A．astonished

B．amused

C．annoyed

D．ashamed

2.

A．sticking

B．rising

C．pouring

D．lifting

3.

A．rapidly

B．inflexibly

C．firmly

D．freely

4.

A．obeyed

B．followed

C．stretched

D．pushed

5.

A．early

B．slowly

C．weakly

D．suddenly

6.

A．beaten

B．caught

C．banned

D．forgiven

7.

A．to begin with

B．to sum up

C．to tell the truth

D．to make matters worse

8.

A．dancing

B．singing

C．working

D．exercising

9.

A．hometown

B．battlefield

C．ballroom

D．campground

10.

A．confirmed

B．persuaded

C．hurried

D．greeted

11.

A．here and there

B．up and down

C．day and night

D．there and then

12.

A．race

B．crash

C．ride

D．park

13.

A．regretted

B．accepted

C．defended

D．supported

14.

A．loss

B．gift

C．love

D．pain

15.

A．go over

B．take off

C．put away

D．give up

8 . One day, rain was falling. I saw an old, wet dog walking to my house. The leather collar around his neck was _______and faded. I could see the ribs (肋骨) sticking out of his sides and knew he hadn’t had a (n) _______ meal in many days. My heart _______! I ran into my kitchen, _______ an old bowl, filled it with some food and went outside.

The old dog _______ me with alarm. I could see he didn’t completely trust strangers. I called him _______, put the bowl down and _______ a few steps back. I kneeled down in the wet grass and _______. Finally, the old boy smelt food and moved slowly forward. His own smell came before him. He hadn’t had a _______ in a long time either. I wondered if he was ________ or just lost. He bent down his head and rapidly ate the contents of the bowl ________. Then for just a moment he gave me a(n) ________ little smile. I hurried inside, refilled the bowl, and went backout but he was already gone. I had wanted to ________ him and give him a home. Instead we just shared a meal and a moment of love. I sent up a little ________ that his future would be better.

Every moment of love you create is a ________. But caring doesn't necessarily go the way we want it to.

1.

A．worn

B．tight

C．rare

D．delicate

2.

A．superb

B．full

C．simple

D．ordinary

3.

A．raced

B．failed

C．ached

D．danced

4.

A．fetched

B．noticed

C．prepared

D．grabbed

5.

A．eyed

B．kicked

C．nosed

D．attacked

6.

A．jokingly

B．cheerfully

C．anxiously

D．gently

7.

A．skipped

B．took

C．followed

D．tripped

8.

A．waited

B．trembled

C．hesitated

D．shouted

9.

A．meal

B．walk

C．bath

D．break

10.

A．affected

B．adopted

C．injured

D．abandoned

11.

A．skillfully

B．attentively

C．greedily

D．leisurely

12.

A．awkward

B．curious

C．familiar

D．happy

13.

A．rescue

B．protect

C．observe

D．reward

14.

A．belief

B．prayer

C．promise

D．request

15.

A．recreation

B．treasure

C．commitment

D．comfort

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Terracotta Warriors exhibition opens in Spain

The Archaeological Museum of Alicante opened on Tuesday     1     unique exhibition of China’s renowned Terracotta Warriors, known as the “    2     (eight) Wonder of the World.”

The exhibition     3     (title) “The Legend of China’s Qin and Han Dynasties” and open to public between Wednesday and January 28, 2024, showcases more than 120pieces from nine Chinese museums.

The exhibition is divided into three galleries     4     showcase the history of the unification of China by Emperor Qin Shi Huang, his tomb, and the     5     (mystery) Terracotta Warriors. The museum uses advanced technology to create an immersive exhibition space     6     (use) light, music, and scent.

Curator of the exhibition Marcos Martinon-Torres, an archaeologist and professor at the University of Cambridge, said the exhibition would provide an “unforgettable experience” for thousands of visitors.

The exhibition is part of a series of activities intended     7     the China-Spain Year of Culture and Tourism. Apart from the 10 life-size Terracotta Warriors and horses, it also features gold and silver, bronze, pottery, and jade cultural relics.

At the opening ceremony on Tuesday, Carlos Mazon, president of Alicante provincial council, called the exhibition “a     8     (history) moment.” He said his province “will become a cultural center in Europe in the next ten months,     9     it is the first time that the Chinese Terracotta Warriors     10     (exhibit) abroad since the (COVID-19)pandemic.”

10 . Many people think daydreaming is bad for their emotions and has negative effects on their life and those around them. It makes adapting to life very hard and brains work less effectively.

Contrary to common ideas, the brains of people who are daydreaming might not stop working, but may be working harder, new research has shown. Scientists scanned the brains of people lying inside magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines, as they pushed buttons or rested in turn. The scans showed that the “default (默认的) network” deep inside a human brain becomes more active during daydreaming.

In a surprise finding, the scans also showed strong activity in the executive network, the outlying region of the brain associated with complex problem-solving, says Professor Kalina Christoff, who is a co-author of the study. “People assume that when the mind wanders away, it just gets turned off—but we show the opposite. When it wanders, it is turned on.” says Christoff.

The findings, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, suggest, “People who let themselves daydream might not think in the same focused way as when performing a goal-oriented task, but they bring in more mental and brain resources,” says Christoff.

F. Diane Barth said at Psychology Today that the more we daydream, the more our brain is able to hold onto the task when we are being bombarded (轰炸) from all sides by all kinds of noises, information input, and conflicting demands. You're not trying to escape the task at hand; rather, you're trying to get rid of all of the information and stimuli (刺激物) that could pose as bothers.

According to Christoff, people typically spend one third of their waking time daydreaming. “It is a big part of our lives, but it has been largely ignored by science,” she says. “The study is the first to use MRIs to study brain activity during spontaneous thoughts and subjective experiences. Until now the only way is to use self-reports that are not always reliable.”

1. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Scientists.

B．Scans.

C．MRI machines.

D．Study subjects.

2. The findings by Christoff show daydreaming ________.

A．may help us get relaxed	B．may be beneficial to our health
C．may use less energy than focusing	D．may help us arrive at solutions faster

3. Which of the following may Barth agree with?

A．Daydreaming provides us with many stimuli.

B．Daydreaming is actually an act of concentration.

C．Daydreaming can make us forget unhappy things.

D．Daydreaming reminds us of more useful information.

4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．MRIs are reliable to study brain activity.

B．People should spend more time daydreaming.

C．More studies about daydreaming need to be done.

D．People should make full use of daydreaming time.