1 . Past surveys have shown that more than 80% of dog owners report observing jealous (妒忌的)behaviors from their dogs when they give attention to other dogs.
Dogs appear to be one of the few species that might show jealous behaviors in ways similar to a human child showing jealousy when their mother shows love for another child.
To test how and when dogs show jealous behavior, researchers set up an experiment where 18 dogs imagined their owners interacting (互动)with either a realistic-looking stuffed (毛绒填充的)dog or a similarly sized wool-covered cylinder that looked nothing like a dog. The stuffed dog played the role of a possible competitor.
In the experiment, first, the dogs watched the stuffed dog next to their owner. Then, an object was placed between the dog and the stuffed animal so they could no longer see the possible competitor. The dogs pulled strongly on their ropes when their owners appeared to be petting the stuffed dog behind the object. In a second experiment, the dogs pulled on the ropes with less force when the owners appeared to be petting the wool-covered cylinder.
Through their study, Bastos and her colleagues found that dogs showed human-like jealous behavior. The finding is different from earlier research because it's the first to show dogs can mentally imagine social interactions that they can't directly see, Bastos says. It also showed that the jealous behavior happened due to the interaction, and not when the owner and the competitor were in the same room but not interacting.
This research is only the first step, and more research is necessary to figure out if dogs experience jealousy the same way people do. "This is a very difficult question to answer scientifically," Bastos says. "We may never have an answer!"
1. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Most of the animals besides dogs can show jealous behaviors. |
B.The experiments show that dogs are friendly to their competitors. |
C.Dogs show jealous behaviors when their owners pet their children. |
D.The conclusion Bastos and her co-workers drew differs from earlier research. |
A.Study on dog's jealous behavior has a long way to go. |
B.It has been proved that dogs are jealous of their competitors. |
C.The way dogs experience jealousy is exactly the same as humans do. |
D.It's no use doing further research since there will be no scientific answer. |
A.Sociable Pets — Dogs | B.Dogs Love Their Owners |
C.Jealous Species — Dogs | D.Dogs Dislike Other Animals |
2 . PLYMOUTH — On April 15, 2019, the historic Notre Dame cathedral in Paris caught fire during renovation (翻新)work. The world famous structure will be closed for at least 5 to 6 years, if not longer.
But could such a destructive (毁灭性的)fire have been prevented?
Associate professor of fire science Glenn Corbett of John Jay University argues that it could have, or that at the very least, the fire might not have been so destructive if proper fire safety measures were in place and the response to the fire wasn't so slow.
On Monday, Corbett will give a lecture at the Plymouth Public Library about what went wrong in preventing and controlling the Notre Dame cathedral fire and what other historic buildings can learn from the incident.
Corbett said that the first failings occurred in the lack of fire safety measures taken during the building's renovations.
Next, Corbett said, the cathedral did not have any fire suppression systems (灭火系统)in place, such as a water sprinkler or misting system, that might have kept the fire spread. He said these systems have been available for a long time, but were likely ignored due to the fact that installing such systems are expensive.
Lastly, Corbett said the response to the fire was much slower than one would expect. Since the fire started in the attic, a guard had to climb hundreds of stairs to the attic to find the fire, delaying any major response by 30 minutes. Corbett said that for him, this was the most shocking part of what happened.
But even since the burning of Notre Dame, many historical buildings still do not have the safety systems. Corbett said he hopes owners and leaders of local historic buildings will attend the lecture so they can learn how to protect the pieces of history in their care from fires.
“An Inside Look at the Fire That Nearly Destroyed the Notre Dame Cathedral” will take place Monday at 7 p.m. at the Plymouth Public Library, 132 South Street. For more information, visit www.plymouthpubliclibrary.org.
1. According to Corbett, the following failings are mentioned in preventing and controlling the fire except______A.the shortage of water | B.the lack of fire safety measures |
C.slow response to the fire | D.no fire suppression systems in place |
A.It will take place at John Jay University. |
B.You can get more information by phoning the lecturer. |
C.It will be about how to rebuild the Notre Dame Cathedral. |
D.The lecturer will focus on how to preserve the historical buildings from fires. |
A.Unconcerned. | B.Supportive. |
C.Dissatisfied. | D.Doubtful. |
A.A novel. | B.A newspaper. |
C.A travel brochure. | D.A science magazine. |
3 . As a teenager in the 1990s, Melissa Blake was interested in fashion. Unfortunately, fashion wasn't much interested in her.
Blake, who has bone and muscle disease and is under four feet (1.21 metre) tall, couldn't find jeans or dresses in her size. At age 39, she became a disability-rights fighter and a writer whose work appeared in the New York Times, but she gained a national following in 2019 after clapping back those who made ugly comments about her online.
“People said that I should be banned from posting photos of myself because I'm too ugly. So I'd just like to remember the occasion with these three selfies(自拍)…" she tweeted. Over the next year, Blake posted a new selfie every day.
Her fans went wild, calling Blake a goddess and a powerful woman.
Among her fans is Mindy Scheier, the founder and CEO of Runway of Dreams (梦想T台), which showcases fashion for the disabled. The show is part of the New York Fashion Week. Last fall, Scheier asked Blake to be one of the event's models.
Since the Runway of Dreams show was virtual, Blake's sister filmed her riding her scooter (滑板车)on a quiet street dressed in a T-shirt and an oversize vest.
“It was a little scary," Blake says of modeling. But she's glad she took the challenge. Often, when we think of access for people with disabilities, we think of buildings and employment, she says. But it’s also important to have access to what's fun and enjoyable.
“Fashion isn't going to solve all the world's problems, says Blake. " When disabled people are included, it sends a message that we deserve a seat at the table in all aspects of life.”
1. What does the underlined words "clapping back" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A.fighting back | B.calling back |
C.taking back | D.keeping back |
A.Hardworking and patient. | B.Responsible and inspiring. |
C.Easygoing and open-minded. | D.Determined and romantic. |
A.Everyone should love fashion. |
B.Being a model is necessary for the disabled. |
C.We should reserve a seat for the disabled in the buildings. |
D.Though broken in body, the disabled can be firm in spirit. |
1. What is Simon doing now?
A.Swimming. | B.Reading. | C.Sleeping. |
A.At the seaside. | B.At a restaurant. | C.At the library. |
A.A couple. | B.Neighbors. | C.Friends. |
A.By car. | B.By taxi. | C.By subway. |
Come and explore New York. There're so many things to see and do here in the Big Apple that it would take a lifetime
Broadway district with its cafes, street performers and colorful signs really
What will post-pandemic (疫情后)travel look like? People are anxious
One way is a good old-fashioned road trip. Recently, many states
Also, with post-pandemic comes the golden age of camping. That
Whatever travel will look like, health is
8 . Chris was born in a cardboard box with three other kittens. He was in a smaller cardboard box marked "free kittens" when Emily
Chris slept in different boxes, even in Emily's sock drawer, if she left it
One day, Emily came home from school and she searched everywhere, but no Chris.
Emily's mom buttered a lot inside of the vase and her dad tried to
An hour later, Chris was brought out to his
A.bought | B.trained | C.ordered | D.met |
A.in sight of | B.in search of | C.in honour of | D.in place of |
A.closed | B.full | C.warm | D.open |
A.socks | B.pens | C.toys | D.cups |
A.heated | B.moving | C.fixed | D.flying |
A.Hopefully | B.Suddenly | C.Obviously | D.Sadly |
A.teaching | B.enjoying | C.hiding | D.washing |
A.filled | B.mined | C.fitted | D.covered |
A.remove | B.break | C.tap | D.beat |
A.hurt | B.improve | C.destroy | D.protect |
A.apply | B.deliver | C.supply | D.Join |
A.hand | B.slide | C.work | D.leave |
A.succeeded | B.quitted | C.changed | D.failed |
A.amazing | B.awkward | C.boring | D.attractive |
A.firefighter | B.policeman | C.driver | D.vet |
A.excited | B.unwilling | C.annoyed | D.content |
A.wait | B.sleep | C.talk | D.think |
A.disappointed | B.shocked | C.anxious | D.curious |
A.pack | B.sheet | C.part | D.piece |
A.hunting | B.burying | C.pleasing | D.contacting |
9 . In 2000, when I was around seven years old, my parents, sister, brother, and I were coming back from a T-ball game. There, in our driveway, we saw two adult geese and a small gosling (幼 鹅). The adults were startled by our return and flew away, but their baby was still too young to fly and couldn't follow. Hours passed, and night fell. The tiny little thing was wandering around our yard, unaware of what could happen.
And then another morning. And still another. Each morning, we would try to drive the goose over to his parents, who kept coming back to our yard. He wouldn't go to them, though, and they wouldn't come close enough to collect him. My sister Joanna decided to call the little guy Peeper, because he would follow us around the yard making a peeping noise, nonstop.
Almost a year passed. My family filled our days with feathery hugs and my dad would throw Peeper up into the air so he could fly a circle around the house.
One evening, my uncle came, and my dad wanted to show him Peeper's circle. He threw him up in the air, but this time, Peeper just flew off. Everyone was very, very sad. We looked for him for days, calling his name, but he didn't come back. Twenty years passed, and Peeper became a fond memory for my family.
Geese are very loyal, and never forget their first home. Even so, it came as a total shock to me when, in 2019,an aging adult goose came to my home. At first, I assumed it was just another goose. After two weeks of the goose coming back repeatedly, it became clear to me that this wasn't a random goose. My old best friend returned, 20 years later.
People desire connection with the natural world. Through Peeper, I have learned so much about myself and about the nature of love.
1. What does the underlined word “startled" in paragraph 1 mean?A.Moved. | B.Attracted, |
C.Confused. | D.Frightened. |
A.Peeper left our family a sweet memory. |
B.Peeper's peeping noise made the family annoyed. |
C.My father would throw Peeper into the air to drive him away. |
D.The adult geese flew away because they didn't love Peeper any more. |
A.Dad Trained Goose | B.The Love for Nature |
C.My Goose Returned Home | D.A Friendly Goose |
1. What is the man doing?
A.Doing an interview. |
B.Asking for advice on exercise. |
C.Preparing to join the tai chi club. |
A.She needed to lose weight. |
B.She liked slow-moving exercise. |
C.She wanted to do something different. |
A.Yoga. | B.Tennis. | C.Basketball. |
A.She feels her mind is confused. |
B.She feels too tired to go to work. |
C.She feels quite ready to do other things. |