1 . The climate crisis may lead the human race to decrease in size, as mammals (哺乳动物) with smaller bodies appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures, a leading fossil expert said.

Prof Steve Brusatte, a palaeontologist (古生物学家) at the University of Edinburgh, suggested that the way in which other mammals have previously responded to periods of climate change could offer an insight into humans’ future.

He compared the potential situation of people as similar to that of early horses, which became smaller in body size as temperatures rose around 55m years ago, a period called the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum.

Writing in The Rise and Reign of the Mammals, Brusatte notes that animals in warmer parts of the world today are often smaller than those in colder areas, an ecological principle known as Bergmann’s rule. “The reasons are not entirely understood, but it is probably, in part, because smaller animals have a higher surface area compared to their size than bigger animals and can thus better get rid of extra heat” he writes.

Brusatte said that becoming smaller was “a common way that mammals deal with climate change”. He added, “That’s not to say every species of mammal would get smaller, but it seems to be a common survival trick of mammals when temperatures spike pretty quickly, which does raise the question: if temperatures do spike really quickly, might humans dwarf, might humans get smaller? And I think that’s certainly convincing.”

In a recent study, researchers studying human remains over the past million years have also suggested that temperature is a major predictor of body size variation, while scientists studying red deer have said that warmer winters in northern Europe and Scandinavia may lead to the body size of these animals becoming smaller.

However, not all experts agree that rising temperature causes mammals to decease. Prof Adrian Lister, of the Natural History Museum in London, said the relationship shown by the recent human remains study is weak, while the strong relationship between temperature and mammal body size may often result from the availability of food and resources.

Lister doubts whether humans will shrink as the climate heats. “We are not really controlled by natural selection,” he said. “If that was going to happen, you’d need to find large people dying before they could reproduce because of climate warming. That is not happening in today’s world. We wear clothes, we have got heating, we have got air conditioning if it is too hot.”

1. According to the passage, the early horses got smaller in body size         .

A．to keep cool	B．to save food
C．to keep warm	D．to avoid being killed

2. What does the underlined word “spike” in the 5th paragraph mean?

A．Rise

B．Drop

C．Balance

D．Change

3. What is Brusatte most likely to agree with?

A．Every species of mammal would get smaller as the temperature goes up.

B．Animals in warmer areas are definitely smaller than those in colder areas.

C．Smaller animals have a higher surface area and so they can cool down quickly.

D．The change of Mammals’ body size is closely related to their food and other resources.

4. What’s the best title of the passage?

A．Climate Change Causes Natural Disasters.	B．Climate Change Leads to Heated Discussions.
C．Climate Change Causes Changes in Body Size.	D．Climate Change Leads to Changed Lifestyle.

2 . 假定你是李华，你校将举办英语演讲比赛，主题为“介绍一个中国传统节日”。请写一篇演讲稿参赛。内容包括：
1.节日的名称和时间；2.节日的习俗及意义。
注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 . China’s generation-Z is not “lying flat”, an expression forgiving upon hard work, as is often claimed, and making an effort is still the mainstream of a group who believes success should be achieved by solid effort, Chinese officials said at a press conference on Thursday, in response to a question on how younger generations should achieve balance between a lifestyle of “lying flat” in face of great pressure and “involution,” which refers to severe internal competition that does not lead to productivity gains.

“Most Chinese youth hold an optimistic view on the future, and the saying’ lying flat’ is more of a joke to release pressure and express their feelings,” He Junke, a government official said at a press conference on Thursday.

At the press conference, China released the first nationwide whitepaper on youth development titled “Youth of China in the New Era,” which showcased achievements linked to the country’s youth development in the newer a and reflected the spirit of younger generation. The whitepaper was also released ahead of the 100th anniversary of the founding of CYLC (共青团).

He said China has attached great importance to deeper issues reflected by talk of “lying flat”, which emerged as young generation is subject to increasing pressure across work, study and life amid China’s unique demographic (人口统计学的，人口学的) structure and highly competitive labor market.

“Some in the younger generation feel cofused or lost. In response, authorities have scaled up the amount of support available to help solve their issues in education, employment, marriage and child raising,” He noted, while urging the whole society to support the mental development and psychology of generation-Z.

He pointed out that it is also important for certain young people to realize that it is unrealistic to build a career without taking responsibility and making endeavor. “All happiness is achieved through devoted effort, and making endeavor itself is also a kind of happiness,” He stressed.

1. What is He Junke’s attitude towards “lying flat”?

A．Objective.

B．Subjective.

C．Opposed.

D．Favorable.

2. Why do young people adopt the attitude of “lying flat”?

A．More and more young people choose to lie flat in China,

B．Young people face great pressure in their study, work and life.

C．China’s population structure affects the supply of labor market.

D．The government needs to celebrate the 100th anniversary of CYLC.

3. How can the problem of “lying flat” be rid of?

A．Young people should take responsibility and make efforts to achieve success.

B．The whole society should care about young people’s physical and mental health.

C．Authorities should help young people and give them support in many aspects of life.

D．All of the above.

4. What is the purpose of writing this passage?

A．To call on a low carbon lifestyle.

B．To inform the latest research on the social development.

C．To set a goal for the young people who are under pressure on study.

D．To address a social problem among young generations in the newer era.

7 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What is wrong with the man?

A．He broke the light.

B．He fell off the chair.

C．He hurt his arm.

2. What does the woman think of insurance?

A．Expensive.

B．Strict.

C．Helpful.

8 . Why does the woman like watching National Treasure?

A．She finds it funny.

B．She wants to listen to the stories.

C．She acquires lots of knowledge from it.

9 . People disagree about meaningful and small matters on a daily basis. Sometimes you know if you speak your mind you will upset someone. However, you often must express your opinion even if you know others will disagree. By choosing your words carefully you can avoid a long-term offense(冒犯) .

“Ask people about their perspective(观点). Before being honest about how you feel, it’s important to know their perspective. This gives you a chance to show genuine interest and have a conversation.    1    They may even end their explanation with a request to hear your perspective.

·Put yourself in their shoes. One of the simplest ways to avoid hurting feelings is to imagine how they will respond to your statements.    2    Practise imagining how they view their own opinion and yours. Just because their perspective is different doesn’t mean it’s wrong.

·    3    Be careful with your honesty. You want to speak the truth in kindness. That means avoiding obvious negative behaviors such as making a face or making fun of their ideas.

·Be polite in your responses. Whenever you try to avoid hurting others it is best to speak with kindness. Simple acts of kindness can make a big difference. They convey respect and show that you value the other person. This situation isn’t all about you speaking your mind.    4    

·Express your perspective as opinion, not fact. This shows you value their perspective, even if you know the facts back you up. If they have an open mind, facts will change their perspective. If they do not have an open mind, facts will feel like personal attacks.    5    Allow them to discover the truth in their own way, not yours.

A．They have a right to be incorrect.

B．It’s about them feeling valued.

C．Control your words and body language.

D．If they said that to you, would you be upset?

E．Listening to others’ opinion is a very powerful way.

F．Use facts and try to avoid letting your emotions run high.

G．This may also give you opportunities to speak up and be honest.

10 . Our neighbors had a loud party last night. We weren’t _______ but this was one of those celebrations that I didn’t mind. They are a bunch of young, single guys and I would have felt out of place.

What _______ me was the way they behaved. Ono of the young men came over _______ in the day to “warn” us of the upcoming event and said it would be over at about 11 p. m. That was the first step. Even more _______ was what they did next. “Here’s my _______”, offered our neighbor _______ “Text me if it’s too noisy.” That was a level of _______ I had never experienced in all my years of being a neighbor!

And it really worked in their favor. My husband and I were so friendly that even when the event went past the _______ end time, even when the music reached high decibels(分贝), and even when we couldn’t get through to the phone number, we felt no _______. We knew they would stop and ________ to it eventually.

It takes such little effort to make people feel that they ________ and get people on your side. Everyone needs to ________ every now and then, especially in these uniquely tough times. But people who do it without disturbing others are few and far between. I hadn’t fully ________ my neighbors until this week. But now I see them in a new light and with greater ________ . They didn’t just bring the noise to the neighborhood; they showed us a good manner of ________ in life.

1.

A．located

B．explored

C．challenged

D．invited

2.

A．trapped

B．impressed

C．annoyed

D．embarrassed

3.

A．later

B．closer

C．earlier

D．further

4.

A．shocking

B．frightening

C．puzzling

D．amazing

5.

A．call number

B．room number

C．account number

D．car number

6.

A．anxiously

B．politely

C．regularly

D．obviously

7.

A．imagination

B．consideration

C．recognition

D．organization

8.

A．promised

B．supplied

C．designed

D．compared

9.

A．stress

B．anxiety

C．worry

D．anger

10.

A．respond

B．adapt

C．contribute

D．stick

11.

A．figure

B．succeed

C．matter

D．access

12.

A．sleep

B．maintain

C．travel

D．relax

13.

A．noticed

B．delivered

C．explored

D．proved

14.

A．surrounding

B．respect

C．curiosity

D．distance

15.

A．strategy

B．apology

C．communication

D．inspiration