1 . 根据句子结构的语法性，在下面空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词的适当形式填空。

Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America,     1    includes three main areas: narrow, dry, flat land     2    (run) along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest. In the high plain area is Lake Titicaca, the highest lake in the world, on which boats can travel. Peru has abundant plants from desert grasses     3    vast areas of jungle.

Peru     4    (rule ) by Spain from the 16th century to 1821. So Spanish is     5    (official) spoken in Peru. The ancient Inca capital, Cusco, is a popular destination for the     6    (tour) as it is close to the famous Inca ruins of the city of Machu Picchu.

There are two especially interesting things for us     7    (admire) about the Inca civilization. The first is the roads and paths they built to connect     8    (they) important cities. Second, the Inca built wonderful cities,     9     there were no markets in these cities. One of the interesting     10    (question) of history is how the Inca lived without shopping.

2 . Did you know that the color of uniforms can influence the performance of an athlete? It may sound strange, but a study suggests this might be true.

Two British scientists studied the results of four sports in the 2004 Athens Olympic Games where the athletes had been given either a red or a blue uniform. They discovered that when there was a big difference in the score, color had no influence on the result. But if it was a close match, the athlete in a red uniform was more likely to win. Then they looked at the uniforms of the soccer teams at the Euro 2004 tournament. Again, teams wearing red won more games.

The two scientists got their idea from earlier studies of wild animals. It had been discovered that when a male show red on its body, it sends a signal of its power and strength. For example, in many kinds of monkey, the more the male shows off its red scars, the more females it can attract.

Based on this fact, the British scientists thought that the idea might work for humans, too. According to them, when an athlete sees a competitor in a red uniform, he gets a feeling that his competitor could be stronger than him. And that kind of feeling may have a bad influence on the player’s performance in the actual game.

Although the idea is Interesting, most people don’t accept that color signals in the animals world can really be useful to humans in sports. They think that it is unreasonable to develop an idea based on such a small number of examples. Much more research has to be done to prove the influence of uniform colors on the performance of athletes.

1. What did the scientists find out about the 2004 Athens Olympic Games?

A．Athletes played equally well in four sports.

B．Game results had a big influence on the athletes.

C．Athletes dressed in red scored more in a close match.

D．There was a big difference in red and blue team’s scores.

2. What may the red scars of a male animal suggest?

A．It is quite strong.	B．It is a failure.
C．It has power over other males.	D．It has attracted a lot of females.

3. The underlined part “that kind of feeling” in the text refers to a feeling of ________.

A．weakness

B．pride

C．danger

D．shame

4. What is most people’s opinion to the scientists’ idea?

A．Interested.

B．Satisfied.

C．Doubtful.

D．Thankful.

3 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

The use of chopsticks has been    1     big part of Chinese food culture for   centuries. When cooking food or picking it up, a pair of chopsticks always comes for use.

So how did chopsticks come into being? It’s said that Dayu, a legendary ruler of ancient China     2     helped his people fight floods, invented them. In those days, people    3     (eat) only with their hands. But Dayu was busy in    4     (prepare) for flood control work and often had his meals in the wild. Mostly, he hurried to deal    5     unexpected (意外的) accidents and didn’t want to wait to eat. The meat     6     (cook) in the pot was too hot to pick up with his hands. So one day Dayu picked up some twigs (细枝) to help him hold the meat. Later, the twigs    7     (gradual) became the chopsticks we know today.

But     of     course,     this     is     just     a     story. The     8     (early) chopsticks archaeologists (考古学家) have found so far are more than 3,000 years, dating back to the Shang Dynasty. The six bronze chopsticks     9     (find) in 1934 in Yinxu, one of China’s oldest archaeological    10     (site) in Anyang, Henan Province.

4 . Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike. Researchers report the system is able to predict lightning strikes up to 30 minutes before they happen within a 30-kilometer area. Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere. Since it carries an extremely powerful electrical charge, it can cause very deadly results. European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict lightning.

The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.

The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data, related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity (湿度) and wind speed, was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm (算法), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.

The researchers test-ran the system several times. They found that the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time. “It can now be used anywhere,” the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement.

The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection program. The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project. Scientists working on the project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity, transferring lightning charges from clouds to the ground. They hope that such technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes. Possible uses could be at stations, airports or places where large crowds gather.

1. Why was the system developed?

A．To keep track of lightning deaths.

B．To meet people’s curiosity about lightning.

C．To protect people from lightning strikes.

D．To take advantage of the energy of lightning.

2. What is special about the system?

A．It collects data samples from around the world.

B．It involves the use of a machine learning algorithm.

C．It was test-run several times before being put into use.

D．Its success owes greatly to a European effort.

3. What will the researchers do in the next stage?

A．Prevent the formation of lightning.	B．Get lightning striking under control.
C．Inspire the study of a laser technology.	D．Raise the accuracy of lightning prediction.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．A system of Controlling Lightning	B．A Theory of Employing Lightning
C．A Method of Forecasting Lightning	D．A Model of Creating Lightning

6 . 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Communicating with the old can be challenging, especially when considering the fact    1     their abilities are failing.

First of all, you are supposed to respect the old’s thoughts, backgrounds and life experience. Do not correct their opinions even when you can’t reach any     2     (agree). And when old people are talking, listen     3     (careful). Let them finish because letting them express their thoughts and emotions     4     (be) important.

When you’re together with them, try to know if they would like     5     (chat) or be quiet. And     6     you feel they want to be quiet, just be there, because     7     (spend) time with them is as important as talking to them or cheering them up.

As communication with old people can be difficult, it is     8     (importance) to be always patient. When you are explaining something     9     them, you should remain patient when they ask you to repeat yourself. Try using gestures while you talk with them, or write down what you want to say when     10     is necessary.

7 .

Summer Culture Welcome a student from France or Spain into your family! Exchange (交换) students from Spain and France are looking for welcoming, fun and loving hosts who will share life and culture with them for a few weeks in June, July and August. Stays can be from 4 to 6 weeks. What to do with your exchange student: Movies/ Museums/ Beach/ Cooking/ Community projects/ Volunteering/ Shopping/ anything you can think of...

Requirements to hosts: Loving and active family One stay-at-home host parent Willing to take students to places of interest once a week Contact information: If you are interested and would like more information, please contact: Shirley Wentzell 909-918-6715 Email: Shirley(@uceus.com

1. How long will exchange students possibly stay in host families?

A．10 days.

B．5 weeks.

C．2 months.

D．1 year.

2. According to the passage, the host should                      .

A．be rich and well-educated.	B．have good full-time jobs.
C．speak Spanish and French.	D．take students on a trip every week.

3. The text above is probably a                   .

A．letter

B．notice

C．poster

D．diary

8 . The Pomodoro technique is probably one of the most powerful techniques in all of learning. All you have to do is set a timer for 25 minutes, and then just focus as attentively as you can for those 25 minutes.

Now if you start focusing on and you’re working on, and then you look up at the timer and two minutes have passed. You may feel like you can’t hold on. And just let the thought go by, and return your focus to whatever you are working on. And when that 25 minutes is up you relax a little bit. You might wonder why that 25 minutes is the magic number, and the reality is we don’t really know. There’s not a lot of research on the Pomodoro technique, which is surprising because it’s so incredibly popular and people find it very useful.

But there’s an interesting tidbit (小趣闻) related to the Pomodoro technique, and that is that: when you just think about something that you don’t like very much, it stimulates a part of the brain that experiences pain. And so the brain naturally enough shifts its attention to something else, like Facebook or Twitter or something like that.

And what the Pomodoro technique does, when you do it you’re setting that timer. You don’t want to sit there and think, “I’m going to work on this problem and get it all finished. You just want to think, I’ve got 25 minutes where I just have to work on something. ” Don’t even think about what that thing is. What that does is it slips in under your brain’s radar. It doesn’t stimulate so much that pain in your brain; and then that pain in the brain, research has shown, lasts for 20 minutes.

So if you work for 25 minutes you will suddenly find yourself getting into the flow because you’ve gone past that painful period. So the Pomodoro technique is effective in many different aspects.

1. How does the Pomodoro technique work?

A．It boosts your concentration.

B．It helps your mind go faster.

C．It urges you to finish your work.

D．It shortens the pain time in your brain.

2. Which is an example of using the Pomodoro technique?

A．Reading a novel for 25 minutes.

B．Spending 25 minutes scanning WeChat.

C．Setting a timer for 25 minutes to do a tough task.

D．Attending a lecture for 25 minutes with two minds.

3. What can be inferred about the Pomodoro technique from Paragraph 2?

A．The first two minutes is vital.

B．25 minutes is a magic number.

C．More research is around the corner.

D．You may get discouraged when using it.

4. Why is the tidbit mentioned in Paragraph 3?

A．To further explain the Pomodoro technique.

B．To arouse interest in the Pomodoro technique.

C．To highlight how to use the Pomodoro technique.

D．To prove the effectiveness of the Pomodoro technique.

10 . One night, as I was driving down the road, I found something was sitting in the middle of the road. A few seconds later, I realized I was looking at a large turtle (海龟). Afraid of it being crashed by cars, so I pulled over, ran across the road and dragged the turtle to safety. But I’d made one big mistake.

I had heard that the best way to pick up a turtle without hurting it was picking it by the tail in order not to get bitten. So I’d made that big mistake. While the turtle turned out OK generally, I was determined to figure out how to move a turtle properly. I needed to find someone who dealt with turtles. I found the Ontario Turtle Conservation Centre. I talked to Dr. Sue, its Executive and Medical Director.

Dr. Sue told me that the organization dealt with a number of aspects of turtle conservation, including rescue, settlement, birth programs, research, and education. Sue explained that southern Ontario is home to a vast majority of turtles in Canada, but is also one of the vastest road networks of the country.

“Ninety percent of injured turtles brought in are caused by cars. These turtles spend a lot of time on land. And they do travel many kilometers on land for a variety of reasons, to find a nesting spot, or to hang out for the summer or winter. Turtles know where they want to go. So, just keep them going in the direction they want to go and you may have saved a turtle’s life,” Dr. Sue said.

Once an injured turtle arrives at the center, there are medical facilities (设备) ready to go, including an X-ray machine. That’s when the team gets to work with healing injuries, and help their patient.

1. Why did the author stop the car?

A．To help the turtle.	B．To see the thing clearly.
C．To prevent a car accident.	D．To find something good.

2. What happened to the turtle?

A．It got hurt by people before.	B．It was injured a little bit.
C．It was run over by a car.	D．It lost its direction.

3. What did Dr. Sue suggest at last?

A．Leaving the turtles alone.

B．Making Ontario home to turtles.

C．Changing the road conditions.

D．Helping turtles find nesting spots.

4. What does the underlined word “patient” refer to in the last paragraph?

A．The director.	B．The driver.
C．The author.	D．The turtle.