4 . Have you ever spent half an hour searching the Internet which, as you find out afterwards, lasted three hours, or opened a book shortly after breakfast and a little while later noticed that the room was getting darker?

Most people can remember experiencing such a state. Your mind wasn't wandering; you were totally focused and concentrated on that activity, to such an extent that you were not even aware of yourself. Psychologists call these fully absorbing experiences flow states, which were discovered and named by a world-famous psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. His celebrated book Flow: The Psychology of Happiness became an instant best-seller, making its way to the top self-help classics.

The state of flow happens under very specific conditions-when we encounter a challenge that is testing for our skills, and yet our skills and capacities are such that it is just about possible to meet this challenge. So both the challenge and the skills are at high levels, stretching us almost to the limit. If challenges exceed skills, one can become anxious. If skills exceed challenges, we usually become bored. Neither of these two cases result in flow.

What is also interesting in flow is the almost total absence of emotions during the actual process. One seems to be almost beyond experiencing emotions, most likely because the awareness of self is not present. Mihaly himself is also very much aware of the potential negative impact of the flow. One philosopher once describes his own experience of flow: “When I get totally involved in the conversation, I am not aware of myself, the world around or the passage of time. Sometimes, I may become addictive to that existence, unwilling to cope with other daily routines of life, like forgetting dinner, and saying goodbye to my children.”

1. What is the purpose of Paragraph 1?

A．To offer a general background of the topic.	B．To make an overall outline for the passage.
C．To introduce the topic of the passage.	D．To clarify the definition of the topic.

2. In which of the following experience can we enter "flow state"?

A．Adopting a dog.	B．Watching TV.
C．Playing the chess.	D．Arguing with others.

3. What can we infer from the third paragraph?

A．The state of flow is little conditional.	B．Genius at normal schools often gets bored.
C．Challenges at high levels push us to the limit.	D．Skills play the most important part in flow.

4. Why does the writer quote the philosopher's words?

A．To show the drawbacks of the flow.	B．To stress the value of self-awareness.
C．To underline the absence of emotions.	D．To indicate the difficulty of enjoying the flow.

5 . Graphic Design for 13 to 16 Year Olds Online Short Course

Course description

Graphic Design for 13 to 16 year olds will explore the world of visual communication as you unravel the possibilities of graphic design.

Through a series of fun and engaging workshops, you will experiment with a range of hands-on materials and processes.

We’ll encourage you to develop your work through brainstorming and visual research, to feed your inspiration.

Course outcomes

You’ll leave with a small body of work and a broader understanding of the possibilities offered by working in the area of graphic design. You will have gained skills that can be used in building a future portfolio(作品集).

All our Online Short Courses include:

*Live online lessons with the same tutors

*Access to VLE with course content

*Forums for support

*Certificate upon completion

How to book:

*Click “add to basket”

*If you are an adult booking a place for a child or teenager, you will need two email addresses, one for your booking confirmation email and one for the student

*Select the option to book for someone else

*Add the bookers’ details under your details

If you need help with booking please use our online chat or call 0207 514 7015. Please note that all courses are taught in UK time. Online courses are closed to all new bookings 48 hours prior to the course starting.

1. How will the students learn through the course?

A．By doing practical exercises.

B．By watching preloaded videos.

C．By conducting online research.

D．By receiving one-to-one instruction.

2. What can a student get after finishing the course?

A．A certificate.

B．A portfolio.

C．A job offer.

D．A tutor's signature.

3. What calls for special attention when students book the course?

A．Booking in UK time.

B．Calling to confirm in advance.

C．Booking at least two days before it starts.

D．Avoiding using more than one email address.

6 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Bryan raced into the kitchen. “Dad! Look!” he called. The screen door bounced closed behind him. “I found the best pet at the creek(小溪)!”

He held up a goggle-eyed frog for his dad to see. “I named him Hoppy.”

Dad bent down for a closer look. “Hello there, handsome,” he said.

Bryan giggled. “Do you think Hoppy will like it here?” he asked.

Dad tousled Bryan’s hair. “Why don’t you keep him for a while, and then we’ll see how he’s doing?”

“OK,” said Bryan. “Come on, Hoppy. I’ll show you my room.”

Bryan searched his closet for a shoebox. Using a pen, he poked air holes in the top. On the sides of the box he wrote H-O-P-P-Y.

“Welcome to your new home,” he said. “In you go, Hoppy.”

“Lunch is ready!” Dad called from the kitchen.

Bryan ate his peanut butter sandwich, saving little pieces for Hoppy.

“Are you hungry?” Bryan asked. He lifted his frog out of the box and put the sandwich bits on the floor in front of him. “Eat up, Hoppy,” he said.

Bryan watched...Hoppy didn’t eat.

Bryan waited...Hoppy just sat and stared.

“Maybe he’s not used to sandwiches,” said Bryan.

“I’m sure you’re right,” agreed Dad.

“Let’s play outside, Hoppy,” Bryan said. “Maybe you need exercise.”

In the sandbox, Bryan built an obstacle course. He made hills and tunnels with the sand. He used toys to make hurdles and walls.

Bryan explained the course to Hoppy. “First you jump here to there — then up and over — then one giant hop — TAA-DAAH! — to the finish line.”

He put Hoppy on the starting line. “Ready? Get set…GO!”

Bryan cheered…Hoppy didn’t move. Bryan cheered and clapped…Hoppy sat and stared.

Bryan put Hoppy back in the box and carried him into the house.

注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Para 1: “I’m going to make him a cozy bed,” he told his dad.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para 2: “How are you and Hoppy getting along?” Dad asked anxiously, passing by in the hall.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . Early people didn’t need to know the exact time of day. They slept when it was dark and worked when it was light.

33,000—28,000 B.C.

People notice that changes in the weather (the seasons) are connected to changes in the sun, moon, and stars.

8,000 B.C.

Chinese, the Maya, and Sumerians develop calendars based on the cycles of the sun (a year) and the moon (a month). Most people are farmers. Calendars tell them when to plant crops and when their animals will have babies.

1,500 B.C.

People in Egypt and Sumer develop some of the first water clocks. Unlike sundials, water clocks measure time even when it’s cloudy.

1370—1410

European cities build towers with mechanical clocks inside. Every hour, a bell is rung for all to hear.

1850

Most Americans now have clocks at home. Trains keep exact schedules. Railroad workers carry pocket watches that don’t gain or lose more than 30 seconds in a week.

1955

An atomic clock is built in England. It measures oscillations(颤动) of light from cesium atoms. The light oscillates even faster than quartz crystals. Atomic clocks are the most accurate clocks yet.

Today

People rely on the Internet and cell-phone networks, which need super precise timing. Atomic clocks keep getting better.

1. How can ancient Chinese tell when to plant crops?

A．By using calendars.	B．By observing the cycles of the sun.
C．By watching the animals.	D．By predicting the weather changes.

2. Who built towers with mechanical clocks inside?

A．Chinese.

B．Americans.

C．Europeans.

D．Egyptians.

3. Which clocks are the most accurate?

A．Chinese calendars.

B．Water clocks.

C．Mechanical clocks.

D．Atomic clocks.

8 . 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式。

This summer we went to visit my father in Scotland.He lives about 3 hours from Glasgow, but had arranged for us     1     (meet) him in the Highlands, a little place called Acharacle, near Fort William. We drove up from Yorkshire where I had visited my sister, spent the night in Glasgow, and continued our journey the     2     (follow) day.

Acharacle is a very remote, beautiful area. It’s a tiny village, with houses     3     (hide) all around it in the trees. It is very close to     4     sea, so that is where we spent most of our time.Several beaches there are unspoilt, and all of     5     are so clean. I took Robert and Domini with me to one of the     6     (small) beaches to play in the white sand. As soon as we got there, they ran over to a rock pool and discovered a school of trapped fish.It was as if they     7     (discover) treasure. They could scoop up     8     (hand) of them with delight.I even did. They stayed in this rock pool for what seemed like ages，    9     their sleeves were wet and they started to get cold. Then we walked along the beach, collecting shells which we now have at home. Catching fish in Scotland is fun,     10     (especial) when you can do it with your hands.

9 . Visitors to this year's Smithsonian Folklife Festival can explore the music, history, art and food of Wales. This small country in the United Kingdom is known for its music, sports, beautiful natural areas and ancient history. Visitors to the festival can also learn about the country's language and industry.

Visitors to the Smithsonian Folklife Festival can start their exploration of Wales by learning about its native language, Welsh. Welsh is one of the oldest languages in the world. The first lesson to learn is the Welsh word for Wales: Cymru.

Festival visitors can learn more from Iona Hughes, a Welsh teacher in the country's capital, Cardiff. Welsh and English are now the official languages of Wales. But the English people did not always support the use of Welsh. Today, about twenty percent of the population of Wales speaks the language fluently. Iona Hughes said, “It's quite wonderful to see how the language has developed and how the language has grown especially in the last thirty years. I remember as a child actually saying that Welsh was a dying language, and now I'm proud to say that actually it isn't—it's a thriving language.”

The Welsh people are serious about language and the spoken word. They hold competitions to celebrate their language in literature and music.

Wales is also known for its natural beauty. It has hundreds of lakes and over one thousand kilometres of coastline.

The festival events also tell about Welsh industries. You can see an expert make thread out of wool from a sheep. Or you might learn about traditional Welsh building materials like slate．

And, no visit to Wales would be complete without a pub where people can sit down and drink a beer.

1. According to the text, we can learn that Wales________.

A．is very big in size	B．has many new industries
C．is poor in natural scenery	D．is famous for many aspects

2. Which of the following is TRUE about Welsh native language?

A．Some English people show no interest in it.

B．Most of Welsh people speak it well in daily life.

C．It is the only official language of Wales.

D．It is the oldest language in the world.

3. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?

A．Pubs are very popular in Wales.

B．Many visitors like drinking Wales's beer.

C．All visitors must go to pubs when visiting Wales.

D．Most visitors to Wales don't like drinking beer in pubs.

4. The passage is mainly written to________.

A．explain why Wales is famous	B．persuade readers to visit Wales
C．introduce something about Wales	D．tell people Smithsonian Folklife Festival