2 . Technology seems to discourage slow, immersive reading. Reading on a screen tires your eyes and makes it harder for you to keep your place. Online writing tends to be more skimmable than print. The cognitive neuroscientist Mary Walt argued recently that this “new norm” of skim reading is producing “an invisible, game-changing transformation” in how readers process words. The neuronal circuit (回路) that sustains the brain’s capacity to read now favors the rapid absorption of information.

We shouldn’t exaggerate this danger. All readers skim. From about the age of nine, our eyes start to bounce around the page, reading only about a quarter of the words properly, and filling in the gaps by inference. So far, the anxieties have proved to be false alarms. “Quite a few critics have been worried about attention spans lately and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline,” the American author Selvin Brown wrote. “No one ever said that poems were evidence of short attention spans.”

And yet the Internet has certainly changed the way we read. For a start, it means that there is more to read, because more people than ever are writing. And digital writing is meant for rapid release and response. This mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun. But often it treats other people’s words as something to be quickly harvested as fodder (素材) to say something else. Everyone talks over the top of everyone else, desperate to be heard.

Perhaps we should slow down. Reading is constantly promoted as a social good and source of personal achievement. To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in the words. and their slow comprehension of a line of thought,

The human need for this kind of deep reading is too tenacious for any new technology to destroy. We often assume that technological change can’t be stopped and happens in one direction, so that older media like “dead-tree” books are kicked out by newer, more virtual forms. In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle has not killed off the printed book any more than the car killed off the bicycle. We still want to enjoy slowly formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.

1. What would Selvin Brown probably agree?

A．The culture is on the decline.	B．Online writing ruins immersive reading.
C．Worries of attention spans are unnecessary.	D．Reading poems is important to attention spans.

2. What is TRUE about digital writing?

A．It lays the foundation for fast reading.

B．It counts on regular interaction with the readers.

C．It requires writers to give up traditional writing modes.

D．It causes too much talking and inadequate deep reflection.

3. What does the underlined word “tenacious” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Slowly-changed.

B．Fast-advanced.

C．Deep-rooted.

D．Rarely-noticed.

4. Which can be the best title for this article?

A．Slow Reading: Here to Stay	B．Immersive Reading: So Wonderful
C．Reading Habits: Constantly Changing	D．Digital vs Print: A Life-and-Death Struggle

3 . We often think about relationships on a scale from positive to negative. We are drawn to loving family members, caring classmates and supportive mentors. We do our best to avoid the cruel uncle, the playground bully and the jerk boss.

But the most harmful relationships aren’t the purely negative ones. They’re the ones that are a mix of positive and negative. We often call them frenemies, supposed friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you. But it’s not just friends. It’s the in-laws who volunteer to watch your kids but devalue your parenting. The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion.

Groundbreaking research led by the psychologists Bert Uchino and Julianne Holt-Lunstad shows that ambivalent (矛盾情绪的) relationships can be damaging to your health — even more than purely negative relationships.

Even a single ambivalent interaction can cause harm. In one experiment, people talked about controversial (具有争议性的) topics in front of a friend who offered feedback. The researchers had randomly assigned the friend to give ambivalent or negative comments. Receiving mixed feedback caused higher blood pressure than pure criticism. “I would have gone about the topic differently, but you’re doing fine” proved to be more distressing than “I totally disagree with everything you’ve said.”

The evidence that ambivalent relationships can be bad for us is obvious, but the reasons can be harder to read — just like the relationships themselves.

One reason is that ambivalent relationships are unpredictable. With a clear enemy, you put up a shield when you cross paths. With a frenemy, you never know whether Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde is going to show up. Feeling unsure can break the body’s calming system and activate a fight-or-flight response. It’s unsettling to hope for a hug while also preparing for a likely quarrel.

Another factor is that unpleasant interactions are more painful in an ambivalent relationship. It’s more distressing to be let down by people you like sometimes than by people you dislike all the time. When someone stabs you in the back, it stings more if he’s been friendly to your face.

1. Which of the following can be considered as a frenemy?

A．Your neighbor’s kid who advises you to study hard but kill his own time.

B．Your classmate who admires your hard work at first, but doubts your intelligence later.

C．Your mother’s friend who encourages you to spend more time on homework but less on smart phones.

D．Your father’s colleague who proposes you to do a reasonable amount of homework while ensuring enough sleep.

2. What does the underlined word “distressing” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Upsetting.

B．Satisfying.

C．Inspiring.

D．Confusing.

3. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?

A．The negative impact of ambivalent interactions is strong.

B．Ambivalent relationships have a long-lasting effect on your well-being.

C．The common cause of high blood pressure is ambivalent relationship.

D．Interactions in ambivalent relationships are more painful than those in negative ones.

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．Negative relationships are bad for health.	B．Ambivalent relationships are unpredictable.
C．Ambivalent Relationships are the most harmful.	D．Positive relationships are better than negative ones.

4 . 世界历史文化名城博览会每两年在南京举办一次。该博览会针对自然遗产和文化遗产面临的各种危机，呼吁大家一起保护世界遗产。请你代表主办方，用英文写一封倡议书，内容包括：
1. 世界遗产的重要性；
2. 保护措施；
3. 发出倡议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Jane was still sleeping when the phone rang in the living room. She opened her sleepy eyes and looked at the clock on the table. It was already nine o’clock! Although Jane was still very sleepy, she knew she had to get up because her mother was working in her office and she couldn’t expect her younger brother Tom, who was sleeping like a pig, to answer the Phone. She quickly put on a coat and ran to the living room. When she picked up the receiver, on the other end came the warm greeting, “Good morning!”

It was from her father, who was a seaman and rarely came back. Suddenly, Jane’s sleepiness disappeared.

Born in a not-so-rich family, Jane and Tom felt the stress of life, but they were happy to enjoy the family atmosphere. At school, they were straight-A students and took part in various after-school activities. They were the pride of the family.

“Good morning, Dad. Why do you call us so early on the weekend?” Jane said and pretended to be annoyed. “Tom and I have been very nice recently.” “My dear, today is your mother’s birthday, and I have ordered a cake online and it will be sent to our home late in the afternoon. Do remember to take the cake. It is my surprise for your mother.”

Hearing her father’s words, Jane felt a little ashamed. How could she forget her mother’s birthday?!

While she was chatting with her father, Jane looked around the room and saw a lot of dirty clothes on the sofa. The floor hadn’t been cleaned for a few days since her mother had to work all this week.

She looked at the clock again and was sure that she still had enough time to prepare a surprise for her mother.

“Well, Dad, now I’m going to wake Tom up. We will give Mum a surprise, too!” Jane said and hung up the telephone.

注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Jane hurried to Tom’s room and shared her plan with him.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

“Happy birthday, Mum!” Jane and Tom shouted when their mother opened the door.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。

Rick was a young boy that was constantly angry at everything around him. He always fought in school with the other kids. His teachers couldn’t say anything that would calm the kid. And the parents of his schoolmates were getting concerned. The boy was earning quite the reputation.

After talking with school officials, Rick’s mom tried everything she can to calm Rick down. She tried different methods until one day she came home with a canvas and paint.

“What’s this?”, Rick asked.

Rick’s mom handed over the painting equipment and said, “Whenever you feel angry, paint whatever it is you’re angry about.”

Rick wasn’t that happy about it but he gave it a try anyway. Over the next few weeks, the young boy created several artworks. They mostly showed disturbing images though. So his mom took all of the paintings and called Rick over so that they could talk about them.

“Tell me, Rick. What are these paintings about?”

“Well, the first painting is about how some of the kids show off their new clothes and gadgets. The next painting is about my teacher who keeps on telling me about how I’m doing things wrong. And the last painting is about how one of my schoolmate’s father suggested that I change my attitude. All of them make me so angry.”

Rick’s mom, in a calm voice, took Rick by her side and told him:

“Don’t you see it, Rick?”

“See what?”

“You’re so angry at all of these things but not once did you try to understand why you’re getting so angry. What have all these people done to you, really? Don’t you find that all they’re trying to do is help you become a better person?

注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Para.1: Rick thought about what his mother said.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para 2: “I see it now, mom, I was letting my bad temper control me instead of the other way around.”
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8 . 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Everyone in the seaside town knows that Fliss has a special bond with her dog Molly. They work together, live together, and play together. The Labrador is literally at Fliss’s side all the time. If a person spent this much time with a friend, they would probably have fallen out by now, but the bond between Molly and her owner just gets stronger over time.

Fliss grew up in the city. In 2017, she moved to the seaside where she opened a bath and skincare shop. Upon arrival, she couldn’t believe how much litter was left “senselessly” on the beach. In fact, she was shocked and appalled by the “unavoidable” amount of litter she found while taking Molly for walks. Being a person who cares a lot about her surroundings, Fliss decided that she had to do something about it before the tide carried the litter into the sea, threatening marine life.

One day, while collecting litter on the beach, Fliss saw Molly running towards her with an empty water bottle in her mouth. As Molly drew near, she dropped the bottle at Fliss’s feet and set out to find other waste. This gave Fliss an idea: what if she could train Molly to find all those plastic bottles and bags, and make good use of them?

The training started and Fliss was surprised at how fast Molly learned. Before long, the clever girl would venture to the seaside on her own and come home with her “prize”. She had soon filled Fliss’s house with pieces of rubbish from the local beach. At one point, Fliss’s garage was 60% filled with beach litter waiting to be distributed to local artists for use in their artwork.

When Fliss heard paws on the door the other day, she went to greet her good girl as usual. To her surprise, she saw Molly carrying a small plastic purse in her mouth. Fliss opened the purse and gasped. Inside was a passport, several credit cards, and a bunch of keys.

注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Fliss immediately took the purse to the local police station.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Three days later, a journalist called at Fliss’s shop.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

After starting to play basketball at just four years old, Riley Morrison became fond of the sport. Now, the nine-year-old spends most of her time practicing her skills and playing for a basketball team in California.

When she’s not playing basketball herself, the fourth grader likes watching her favorite basketball player, Stephen Curry, play for the Golden State Warriors, which also happens to be Morrison’s favorite NBA team. According to Morrison, she has been a longtime fan of Curry because of his impressive and dynamic basketball skills that lead to him being awarded MVP more than once as well as a few championship titles. And when Morrison goes to Warrior games with her dad, Chris Morrison, she always wears her No. 30 Warriors shirt to show support for her favorite player.

However, Morrison isn’t Curry’s fan just for his basketball skills. For Morrison and other young girl basketball players, Curry is a hero because of what he has been doing for women’s rights. Besides supporting his wife, Ayesha, and their two young daughters, Curry has hosted a girls’ basketball camp to encourage young women athletes.

When Morrison was starting her basketball season this year, she needed to get new sneakers (运动鞋) as her old ones were getting too small and too worn. It didn’t take long for the 9-year-old to decide she wanted to play in Under Armour’s Curry 5 sneakers.

After asking her dad about the sneakers, the pair went on the Under Armour website to look for Morrison’s dream shoes. Unfortunately, the Curry 5 sneakers weren’t available for girls. Instead, the sneakers were only available on the website’s boys’ section.

Chris could tell how upset his daughter was. He suggested she do something about it if she felt it was unfair. “Well maybe you can write a letter,” Chris told her daughter.

注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

The nine-year-old immediately (立即) got to work writing her letter.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Several days later, Curry responded with his own hand-written letter.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

All I did was show my little sister how to grow plants. Dig a hole. Put in a seed. Cover it with dirt. Water it. Wait. “See, Laynie,” I explained, “a whole plant will grow from this tiny seed. All we have to do is water it.”

Laynie had her own watering can so she could “help” me in the garden. One day, after everything was watered, she said, “We forgot something, Brad.” She ran to the fence and started sprinkling water on another spot. I walked over and saw a fresh patch of dirt near the fence.

“Did you plant something there?” I asked.

“Yes,” she said. “I’m growing a pencil.”

She stopped sprinkling. “My purple pencil got too small, so I planted it, the way you said."

“But, Laynie—”

“How long does it take to grow a new pencil?”

I should have explained things right then, but I just muttered, “Uh... I never grew one before.”

Later I got what seemed like a great idea. I dug up Laynie’s pencil and “planted” a brand-new purple pencil. I fixed it with the erase r sticking up.

Laynie was really excited when she saw it. “My pencil grew!” she shouted. She drew pictures with it all afternoon.

A few days later, Laynie was watering the same spot. “How long does it take to grow crayons?” she asked. “I can’t wait!” she squealed, giggling... She squatted down and whispered, “Grow. Come on, grow.”

Two days later, new crayons sprouted their point y little heads, thanks to me. Laynie jumped up and down and yelled, “They look like flowers!” She “picked” them and ran into the house. Grandma thought Laynie was cute when she claimed that she had grown these things. I just kept my mouth shut! Actually, it was fun trying to think of what should grow from Laynie’s “seeds.” And it was cool to see her get excited.

One day I saw her patting down some dirt, so I knew she’d just planted something. “What is it this time?” I asked.

“It’s Molly.” I gasped. Molly was Laynie’s goldfish! “She jumped out of her bowl again,” Laynie said. “Grandma said we didn’t find her in time.” Then Laynie picked up her little watering can and started sprinkling that spot. My heart dropped to my feet when she asked, “How long does it take to grow a goldfish, Brad?” She knelt down to whisper “Grow, Molly. Grow!” before she skipped back to the house.

注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

I sat down with my back to the fence and wondered what I should do then.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I hugged her tightly and suggested, “How about a funeral   for Molly?”

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________