1 . How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. This year’s rise, an average of 2.7 percent, may be a little bit lower than last year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation(通货膨胀).
Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise(补贴)the daily commute(通勤)of a rail traveller from Surrey? Equally, there is a sense that the sufferings of commuters in the South East, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North.
However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operators boasting about the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions. However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.
The Government has promised to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate. This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain’s railways. Yes, more investment is needed, but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped, unreliable services, along with regular chaos when timetables are changed, or planned maintenance is managed incompetently. The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a revenge if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.
1. The author holds that this year’s increase in rail passengers fares ________.A.creates extra burden on taxpayers. |
B.has kept pace with inflation. |
C.is beyond the expectation of commuters |
D.remains an unreasonable practice. |
A.Compensations are to be given to the commuters affected by the strikes. |
B.A minimum service requirement will be likely to settle the railway problems. |
C.In terms of service, there is a conflict between train operator’s claim and the reality. |
D.Train operators have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes. |
A.the loss of investment. | B.the collapse of operations. |
C.a reduction of revenue(收入) | D.a change of ownership. |
A.Who Are to Blame for the Ever-rising Fares? |
B.Rail Strikes Need to Be Stopped |
C.Enhance Railway Service, Ease Passenger Anger |
D.Ever-rising Fares Are Unreasonable |
2 . The virtual world is full of opportunities to share with people around the world. It’s also a place where nothing is
Research shows that a high percentage of teens receive
If you are eager to let out angry comment on a message board or blog, it’s a good idea to wait a few minutes,
Chances are that you’ve already checked your “digital
A.restrictive | B.temporary | C.simple | D.memorable |
A.deleted | B.saved | C.copied | D.forwarded |
A.correct | B.positive | C.awkward | D.improper |
A.stimulated | B.troubled | C.fooled | D.bored |
A.doubt | B.hesitate | C.hide | D.respond |
A.cheer up | B.give in | C.calm down | D.shout out |
A.attend to | B.take to | C.lead to | D.stick to |
A.interpret | B.praise | C.regret | D.recommend |
A.intentionally | B.randomly | C.scarcely | D.illegally |
A.cheat | B.hurt | C.help | D.avoid |
A.Besides | B.However | C.Therefore | D.Likewise |
A.efficiency | B.expectation | C.quality | D.footprint |
A.Consequently | B.Surprisingly | C.Contrarily | D.Admittedly |
A.cleared | B.shaped | C.revised | D.transferred |
A.ambitious | B.responsible | C.fascinating | D.emotional |
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/4/14/2957739839258624/2959256284725248/STEM/0afaac21d9af48db8428c10b7deda212.png?resizew=273)
简要描述图片内容,结合生活实例,谈谈你的感想。
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4 . There's a loud bang, and then it starts: A battery of an electric car is on fire in the test tunnel. A video of the test impressively shows the energy stored in such batteries: meter-long flames flee in disorder and produce enormous amounts of thick, black smoke. The visibility in the previously brightly lit tunnel section quickly approaches zero. After a few minutes, ashes have spread throughout the room.
"In our experiment we were considering in particular private and public operators of small and large underground or multi-storey car parks," says project leader Lars Derek Mellert,"all these existing underground structures are being used to an increasing extent by electric cars. And the operators ask themselves: “
“
A.The pollutants emitted by a burning vehicle have always been dangerous |
B.What on earth causes Lithium batteries to catch fire |
C.Even the fire brigades do not have to learn anything new on the basis of the tests |
D.The acid can possibly result in death, while its effects may delay after exposure |
E.But in the three tests in the tunnel the concentrations remained far below critical levels |
F.What will happen if such a car catches fire |
A.The man bad poor imagination because of the car accident |
B.The man must have advised the woman to wear the seat belt |
C.The woman was likely to have got seriously injured in the car accident |
D.The woman wasn’t wearing the seat belt when the accident happened |
6 . As consumers, we are very wasteful. Annually, the world generates 1.3 billion ions of solid waste. This is expected to go up to 2.2 billion by 2025. The developed countries are
Traditional wisdom would seem to suggest that companies have no interest in
When choosing what products to buy and which brands to buy from, more and more consumers are looking into sustainability, which is
Some retailers and manufacturers in the clothing, footwear, and electronics industries have launched
Enormous opportunities also
A.forgivable | B.accountable | C.tolerable | D.remarkable |
A.altering | B.lengthening | C.obeying | D.upsetting |
A.Therefore | B.Somehow | C.Yet | D.Otherwise |
A.partly | B.barely | C.precisely | D.exclusively |
A.bridged with | B.subjected to | C.opposed to | D.associated with |
A.minimizing | B.maintaining | C.stimulating | D.deserting |
A.On the contrary | B.Above all | C.For example | D.In most cases |
A.modifying | B.wrecking | C.dumping | D.restoring |
A.sustainable | B.compulsory | C.economic | D.educational |
A.insuring | B.substituting | C.concealing | D.preserving |
A.accessibility | B.productivity | C.affordability | D.durability |
A.profitable | B.emotional | C.predictable | D.reputational |
A.lie in | B.stand for | C.consist of | D.result in |
A.respectively | B.dramatically | C.evenly | D.thoroughly |
A.take-back. | B.give-away | C.clean-up | D.cut-down |
假设你是明启中学的学生王磊,你校计划引进一个机器人担任餐厅服务员或者图书馆管理员,并在英语贴吧征求学生意见,你很感兴趣,决定回帖响应,你所写的内容应包括:
1.你认为机器人适合担任的一个岗位,二选一
2.通过比较,阐述你选择的理由,可以从工作效率、服务范围等方面进行表述。
8 . Space exploration has always been the province of dreamers: The human imagination readily soars where human innovation struggles to follow. A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649. Cyrano was dead and buried for a good three centuries before the first manned rockets started to fly.
In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the decade's end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They resonated(共鸣) with optimism and ambition in much the same way as the most famous dream speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. two years later. By the end of the decade, both visions had turned out concrete results and transformed American society. And yet in many ways the two dreams ended up conflicting with each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely practical and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is actually unrealistic in its aims.
When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand follow-up to the Apollo missions. The technologically compromised(妥协) space shuttle program has just come to an end, with no successor. The endless argument is that funds are tight, that we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Among the current concerns about the federal deficit (赤字), reaching toward the stars seems an unnecessary luxury---as if saving one-thousandth of a single year's budget would solve our problems.
But human innovation struggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic devices that will get the most bang from a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans, mapping out the solar system for whatever explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are designing a bottom-up attack on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could lie within reach of rich civilians in a few years. Another decade or two and it could go mainstream.
The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us---not just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because of the technologies they produce, but because the two types of dreams feed on each other. Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealed to the idea that humans can get over what were once considered inborn limitations. Today we face seeming challenges in energy, the environment, healthcare. Tomorrow we will overcome these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit. The more evidence we collect that our species is capable of greatness, the more we will actually achieve it.
1. The author mentions Cyrano de Bergerac in order to show that _________.A.imagination is the mother of invention |
B.creativity is essential to science fiction writers |
C.it takes patience for humans to realize their dreams |
D.dreamers have always been interested in science fiction |
A.They symbolized human beings' confidence in achievements. |
B.They brought about dramatic changes in American society. |
C.They are in complete conflict with each other. |
D.They both sounded very much unrealistic to Americans. |
A.Space shuttle program is too dangerous for Americans to carry on. |
B.The tight budget is to blame for the unsuccessful space program. |
C.More problems on Earth call for our immediate attention. |
D.Space program, necessary to the national dream, should be continued. |
A.They pose a serious challenge to future human existence. |
B.They can be solved sooner or later with human innovation. |
C.Their solutions need joint efforts of the public and private sectors. |
D.They can only be solved by people who are intelligently superior. |
9 . A breed of upstart apps is taking on an internet function that might seem unneeded or even ill—advised: helping teens talk to strangers.
Branded as “social discovery” services, these apps pitch themselves as alternatives to outlets that already specialize in online connections, like Facebook and Instagram. They say they are better at helping young users meet like —minded people outside their existing circles. And they say they have safeguards, such as separating users by age and using artificial intelligence, to protect against their appropriate or unsafe behavior that has plagued previous attempts to connect young people online.
Their user numbers suggest that, whether they succeed in striking the right balance, apps like Yubo and Hoop are tapping into a need among teens and 20 —somethings for new ways to branch out online.
“There is no place today to socialize online,” says Sacha Lazimi, the 26—year—old French co—founder of Yubo, which connects strangers with messaging and live streaming.
It is a counterintuitive statement for anyone who had seen teens sending Snaps rapid fire to their friends, responding to videos on TikToK, Face Timing for hours, or using Instagram. But Mr. Lazimi thinks those platforms allow for too much passive participation. “Snapchat, Instagram and Tik Tok are all about performance, content and individual”, he says.
Yubo features a swiping interface similar to that of Tinder. But Mr. Lazimi insists it is not adating app. The point, he says, is to facilitate communication between people all over the world who share mutual interests. Yubo isn’t present everywhere in the lives of American teens yet —and may be never will be—but the company says the app has 25 million users signed up, with nearly half of daily use now coming from America.
But some of these apps have also been the subject of safety concerns. Yubo has also faced its own safety challenges. In Florida, law—enforcement officially say they arrested a man who reportedly lured a teenager through Yubo.
In a statement, Yubo said that the prevention of child abuse has been a key priority for the past three years. “Yubo recognizes its responsibility in protecting young people using its service and has gone far beyond many of the main social media services.”
However, actually teens are doing more to protect themselves than many give them credit for, says Dr. Hinduja. “They are doing something to keep themselves safe or we would have strikingly more victimization than we do.”
1. In this passage, the word “plagued” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to________A.highlighted | B.justified | C.troubled | D.extended |
A.compare the various functions different apps boast |
B.state the necessity for the emergence of apps like Yubo |
C.clarify the reason for their being replaced by other apps |
D.prove the importance of active participation in communication |
A.Instagram has lost its appeal to teens and 20—somethings. |
B.Yubo fails to do more than enough to protect teenagers. |
C.Hoop is intended for communication among colleges. |
D.Tinder is a dating app exclusively used in America. |
A.Supportive. | B.Indifferent. | C.Prejudiced. | D.Negative |
10 . Most of us have no difficulty recognizing luck when it’s on apparent display, as when someone wins the lottery. But
Consider the history of the Mona Lisa. After having staved in the
One’s date of birth
To acknowledge the power of chance events is not to suggest that success is independent of
Of course, luck counts too. Being born in a good education system is a kind of luck we can control— that is, at least we can decide how lucky our children will be. But in America, we’ve been doing a bad job as the budget for education has
Luckily, there is a solution. Guiding people to
A.randomness | B.potential | C.masterpiece | D.success |
A.emergency- | B.maintenance | C.review | D.shade |
A.accidental | B.unsolved | C.official | D.objective |
A.protest | B.suspicion | C.publicity | D.investigation |
A.previous | B.negative | C.realistic | D.entire |
A.virtually | B.sustainably | C.adequately | D.negatively |
A.occurs | B.contracts | C.matters | D.approaches |
A.accessible | B.original | C.superior | D.secure |
A.effort | B.logic | C.relationship | D.investment |
A.deserve | B.evaluate | C.modify | D.exploit |
A.shone | B.shrunk | C.ballooned | D.flown |
A.preserve | B.popularize | C.underestimate | D.revolutionize |
A.challenge | B.luck | C.motivation | D.experience |
A.reflect on | B.save on | C.adjust to | D.live on |
A.mutual understanding | B.mental fitness | C.family value | D.common good |