1 . Try to picture the world before refrigerators. That may be difficult!
One advanced method of food storage arose in Persia around 400 BC. People there stored food in structures called Yakhchal, which were buildings made from mud brick to keep ice frozen during even the warmest summer months. During the Middle Ages, people stored meat by salting or smoking it.
Later, buildings called ice houses or ice pits were built upon the idea of the Yakhchal. Such ice houses were very common by the 1800s. At the end of the 19th century, many people kept their food fresh in iceboxes made of wood.
By the 1930s, many people were using electric refrigerators to keep food fresh.
| A．They would also dry many foods, including grains. |
| B．These containers held large blocks of ice to keep food cool. |
| C．No one knows for sure how people first learned to store food. |
| D．After all, kids today are used to grabbing a snack from the fridge after school. |
| E．Since then, growth in technology has led these machines to become more advanced. |
| F．With no means to store food, ancient people often went hungry or even died. |
| G．Actually, people found different ways to keep their food fresh thousands of years ago. |
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文流畅；
3. 开头已写好，不计入总词数。
Music is playing an important part in our study and daily life.
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In a word, music should make life better and help people become happier.
3 . Volunteering is a great benefit to the community. Many nonprofit organizations couldn’t survive without volunteers. However, you may not realize how much it also benefits your career.
●Volunteer in different areas.
You may be likely to just volunteer at one place, and that can be fine.
●Use it to build skills.
Volunteering is the perfect opportunity to build your own skill set.
●Network while you volunteer.
Another way to help work on your career is to use volunteering to help network. Really, you don’t have to go out of your way to network.
●
Studies have shown that people who volunteer are more likely to be hired than people who don’t volunteer. In fact, you have about a 25 percent higher chance of being hired if you volunteer than if you don’t. If you don’t have a high school diploma (毕业文凭), that number increases to a 50 percent higher chance.
●Put your volunteer experience on your college application.
If you’re still in high school, volunteering looks great on a college application. It shows leadership, initiative (主动性), and commitment, all things colleges love.
| A．Help you find a good job. |
| B．Increase your chances of being hired. |
| C．Stop waiting to volunteer until you have more time. |
| D．Just be sure to include it on your application when you apply. |
| E．While you are giving your time, you’re also learning new things. |
| F．Just talk to people while you’re volunteering and get to know them. |
| G．However, volunteering at different places will expose you to different fields. |
4 . Andrew Chilton was diagnosed with autism (自闭症) at age eight. There was a lot to
Andrew’s family would do anything for him. Christy Chachere, the boy’s personal care attendant, saw the
No longer would Andrew’s mother write his papers. His younger brother wouldn’t
Andrew
Christy has been with Andrew for six years. She has successfully helped
| A．put off | B．worry about | C．set aside | D．settle down |
| A．flexibly | B．fortunately | C．creatively | D．independently |
| A．whispered | B．desired | C．predicted | D．witnessed |
| A．opinion | B．chance | C．problem | D．ability |
| A．fail | B．escape | C．protect | D．promise |
| A．easy | B．normal | C．quick | D．only |
| A．help | B．inspire | C．allow | D．refuse |
| A．apologized | B．complained | C．requested | D．argued |
| A．pass | B．reduce | C．spread | D．happen |
| A．always | B．sometimes | C．seldom | D．never |
| A．quality | B．measure | C．freedom | D．strength |
| A．follow | B．take | C．force | D．introduce |
| A．ruin | B．change | C．occupy | D．admire |
| A．discovery | B．competition | C．choice | D．step |
| A．better | B．busier | C．easier | D．quieter |
The world is in a climate crisis. We need to change how we get our power, which
The ESA project
6 . J. K. Rowling frequently shows there is magic every day. Her Harry Potter series has helped people through times of stress and depression and she is always there to deliver wise words of encouragement.
She is one celebrity who is very active on Twitter. So when a single dad named Matt Burke sent her a message thanking her for the series, she noticed. Her series had helped strengthen his relationship with his 9yearold daughter Bailey.
He included a link to his article titled Being a Broke Parent. He explained how he hadn’t found a level of financial stability that allowed him to pay bills on time and take his daughter on more activities and events. The family also doesn’t have the Internet or TV, which means there’s no “digital babysitter” and he has to rely on his own creative ways to bond with his daughter. Since he received the series, the main thing that has occupied them these days is reading books together.
Burke admits that he thought he was “too cool” for the books when they first came out and he was in his twenties, but he’s loving reading them now. “We switch off chapter by chapter reading them out loud，“Burke explains.” This not only allows her to get more used to reading aloud in front of someone, but it gets me directly involved in something she loves, and it gives me the chance to be very dramatic when I read my chapters and bring myself into the characters in the book, which has proven to be a ton of fun.”
After hearing Burke’s story, Rowling said how honored she was when Harry Potter was a part of his family’s life and offered Burke more books. Besides, people are also offering to send Burke more books as gifts. For Burke, this experience, far more than gifts, will be what he treasures.
1. Why did Burke thank J. K. Rowling according to the text?| A．She guided him how to write a good story. |
| B．She encouraged him when he was in trouble. |
| C．Her books helped him through times of confusion. |
| D．Her books helped him improve his bond with his daughter. |
| A．He has found it interesting to read the series. | B．He was too old to understand the series better. |
| C．He has chosen a better way of reading the series. | D．He hopes to play a role in the drama in the future. |
| A．Useless. | B．Normal. | C．Valuable. | D．Boring. |
| A．J. K. Rowling chooses to help improve kids’ health. |
| B．J. K. Rowling gives a magical gift to a single father. |
| C．J. K. Rowling has a deep influence on others’ growth. |
| D．Burke comes to know J. K. Rowling through her series. |
7 . World number one Ashleigh Barty surprised tennis on Wednesday by announcing her retirement (退役) from the sport aged just 25, saying she had realized her dreams and was “spent physically”.
Barty dropped the bombshell weeks after becoming the first home Australian Open champion in 44 years and so winning a Grand Slam (大满贯) crown on three different surfaces.
In a tearful social media video message with her close friend and former doubles partner Casey Dellacqua, Barty said she was “so ready” to call it an end after achieving her life-time goal to win Wimbledon last year.
“Success for me is knowing that I’ve given absolutely everything I can. I know how much work it takes to bring the best out of yourself,” said the three-time Grand Slam winner.
She began playing tennis as a child in the Queensland state capital Brisbane and went on to win the junior Wimbledon title as a 15-year-old in 2011.
But the expectations that came with success hurt her badly and she made a shock decision three years later to ditch (放弃) tennis for cricket, signing for Brisbane Heat in the Women’s Big Bash League.
The attraction of tennis was never far away and she returned after a season out, breaking through for her first Grand Slam triumph (胜利) at the French Open in 2019 and becoming Australia’s first women’s world number one since Evonne Cawley 50 years ago.
Barty finally won a Wimbledon crown last year before her Australian Open triumph at Melbourne Park in January, storming back from 5—1 down in the second set against American Danielle Collins.
Barty has been world number one for more than two years and said after her Australian Open win that she wanted time to consider her next move.
1. Why did Ashleigh Barty retire from tennis?| A．Her partner advised her to do so. | B．Her final dream had come true. |
| C．She wanted to turn to other sports. | D．She got tired of social media messages. |
| A．In 2010. | B．In 2011. | C．In 2014. | D．In 2019. |
| A．Ashleigh Barty’s Early Retirement | B．An Introduction to Australian Open |
| C．Casey Dellacqua’s Life-time Goal | D．The Benefits of Playing Tennis |
| A．Science. | B．Lifestyle. | C．Health. | D．Sports. |
8 . Anyone watching the Winter Olympics in Beijing, China has seen lots of snow-man-made snow. Since the area gets little natural snow, this is the first time the Winter Olympics is taking place on almost 100% artificial(人造的)snow.
2022 Winter Olympics was held in Beijing, China, and in two areas northwest of Beijing, Yangqing and Zhangjiakou. The areas get cold in the winter, but they don’t get a lot of snow.
That’s because they’re not far from the Gobi Desert, and are generally very dry. That meant some serious changes were needed to hold the Winter Olympics there. China took water from a reservoir(水库)which helps supply Beijing’s drinking water. To carry the water to the mountains for making snow, the country ran miles and miles of pipes.
An Italian company called TechnoAlpin created the snow. TechnoAlpin created artificial snow at several earlier Winter Olympics. For the snow in 2022 Winter Olympics, TechnoAlpin laid over 40 miles of pipe and brought in hundreds of snow-making machines. Even with all of those machines, making the snow for 2022 Winter Games took seven weeks.
Still, the machines that make artificial snow are quite advanced and they can make several different kinds of snow depending on what’s needed for each sport. For example, the snow they make for downhill skiing is different from the snow made for cross-country skiing.
In recent years, it has become more and more common to use artificial snow at winter sports events. Some artificial snow was used in the Winter Olympics in 2010 and 2014 because of warm weather. In the 2018 Games in PyeongChang, South Korea, roughly 90% of the snow was man-made.
As the world warms because of climate change, problems like this are expected to become far more common. Michael Mayr, who leads TechnoAlpin in Asia, says, “You could not have winter sports now without man-made snow.”
1. Why do the areas like Beijing fail to get much snow?”| A．They are far from the desert. | B．A reservoir was built there. |
| C．It’s usually too dry in winter. | D．Mountains surround the areas. |
| A．Materials used for snow making. | B．Efforts to create artificial snow. |
| C．An Italian machine producer. | D．The cost of laying pipes. |
| A．Games. | B．Machines. | C．Athletes. | D．Workers. |
| A．Artificial snow plays a key role in winter sports. |
| B．Climate change is getting worse due to artificial snow. |
| C．It’s far more difficult to fight against global warming. |
| D．Man-made snow makes winter sports more popular. |
9 . Andrea Martínez, a 21-year-old law student at the National Autonomous University of México, has been admitted as the country’s first female college football (橄榄球) player. When Martínez tried out for the team, she assumed the school had a women’s team where she might be placed, but was told she would be playing alongside the men.
Martínez got her start as a soccer player before trying out for the university’s football team after they posted an open call for kickers. Martínez wasn’t out to play football specifically, but saw that she could apply her talents as a soccer player to a new game. “The decision I made was to try a new sport. Nothing else,” she said. “I was very happy when I heard the news that I had been the girl selected.”
Martínez is not the only soccer player turning to football, especially as it becomes more popular throughout the country. It is estimated that there are about 48 million football fans in Mexico and the numbers are growing. Martínez is also not the first female college football kicker, although she is the first one in Mexico. In 1997, Liz Heaston became the first woman in the US to play that position on a college team. However, Ashley Martin was the first woman to score a point as a kicker in 2001.
It was never Martínez’s intention to become famous, but that’s exactly what has happened. So far, Martínez has done more than 80 interviews and has seen herself on the cover of every major newspaper in the country and even on national television, a rarity (罕见的事) for any college football player.
“There are little girls and boys who come and ask me for a photo or come up and say very nice words to me,” she said. “It’s the most satisfying thing I’ve ever felt, realizing that perhaps I’m inspiring them a little.”
1. What do we know about Andrea Martínez from the text?| A．She has scored a point as a kicker. |
| B．She always plays with men players. |
| C．She started by playing football. |
| D．She is a football kicker in Mexico. |
| A．To play alongside the men. |
| B．To join the women’s football team. |
| C．To win the championship. |
| D．To be reported in major newspapers. |
| A．She was bored with playing soccer. |
| B．She’d like to try a different sport. |
| C．She hoped to prove herself as a kicker. |
| D．She preferred football to soccer. |
| A．She is famous all over Mexico. |
| B．She is admired by others. |
| C．She has a good influence on others. |
| D．She encourages girls to play football. |
10 . Life expectancy (寿命) in Africa rose by nearly 10 years in the first two decades of this century, according to the World Health Organization. “This rise is greater than in any other region of the world during the same period,” the WHO said.
In the year 2019, the average African could expect to live to be 56. However, that is still well below the global average of 64 years. WHO official Lindiwe Makubalo warned the life expectancy gains could easily be lost unless countries strengthen and make greater investments in the development of health care systems.
Makubalo said Africa has made a good start over the past two decades. On average, she said, access to essential services like basic health care improved to 46% in 2019 compared with 24% in 2000. “Other factors include improvements in reproductive, newborn and child health care, as well as advances in fighting infectious (传染的) diseases, such as TB, malaria and HIV.”
While progress has been made in preventing and treating infectious diseases, the report found health services for non-infectious diseases are lagging. It says the great rise in diabetes, cancer and other non-infectious diseases could jeopardize (危害) health gains if those conditions continue to be ignored.
The report says the COVID-19 outbreak has brought about greater damages to essential health services in Africa compared to other regions of the world, which might affect healthy life expectancy.
“It is important that significant improvements are made in health services, and governments ensure quality, equal and accessible services for all,” Makubalo said.
According to the report, some progress has been made in achieving universal health coverage, but it is far from enough. Health officials say one of the key measures to improve access to health services is for governments to increase their public health budgets. That, they say, would reduce the huge out-of-pocket expenses by families that are pushing millions of people into poverty.
1. What was the average life expectancy of people in Africa in 2000?| A．46. | B．54. | C．56. | D．64. |
| A．Plenty of food supplies. |
| B．Improvement in basic health services. |
| C．Easier access to clean drinking water. |
| D．Progress in fighting against non-infectious diseases. |
| A．Unique. | B．Independent. | C．Informal. | D．Underdeveloped. |
| A．Positive. | B．Uncertain. | C．Concerned. | D．Pessimistic. |
