1 . The United States does not have a government office that regulates the film industry. Government, ___________does link with the movie business in several ways.

In the United States, films generally come from two _______: large studios that produce many films and television programs each year and independent filmmakers, including both students and experienced filmmakers. Sometimes — through grants from universities or arts or humanities councils — independent filmmakers do receive_______ indirectly from funding that originated with the local, state, or federal government, but more often funding comes from private investors or through charity organizations   _______ either promotion of arts or promotion of a cause being addressed by a film.

While there is no _______ of film, there are many government offices that interact with the film industry. At the state and local levels, government film offices promote local film locations because use of their local brings employment and other _______ advantages to promote local tourist sites. These offices also help filmmakers work with the police and others to _______filming that impacts traffic, use public buildings, or otherwise needs special consideration.

_______, government organizations, especially the branches of the military, have offices that help coordinate filmmakers’ use of facilities, equipment, and even personnel. It would be _______, for example, for a filmmaker to construct a make-believe aircraft carrier or to hire a cast of extras to be in the ________ of a movie who look like real soldiers, sailors, airmen, or marines (whose haircuts, fitness levels, and posture are often different from that of civilian actors). The military is willing to make their facilities   ________, within reason, for approved projects, and each branch has an office that handles these requests. Other branches of the government ________ requests to use public spaces and buildings, such as monuments or parks.

Many years ago, the U.S. Government did produce quite a few feature films and worked closely with Hollywood on films that would encourage public morale (士气) during wartime. However, since World War II, these programs have been   ________ due to a combination of budgetary and philosophical concerns. The United States Information Agency, ________, for many years produced films for exhibition to overseas audiences to complement its other educational programs. One such film, John F. Kennedy: Years of Lightning, Day of Drums, a posthumous contribution to the president, even won the 1965 Academy Award for best documentary. This ________, now a part of the U.S.

Department of State, no longer produces such feature films.

2 . People usually communicate by speaking or writing. However, some occupations rely on hand gestures to communicate.

Railway workers on the _________ must communicate with other employees such as engineers on the trains. _________ this, they use lanterns or flags. To _________ go’, a railway worker stretches out his arm with the lantern _________ his head and moves the lantern up and down.

Soldiers in battle often cannot hear each other. It has been_________ that soldiers use a complex _________ of gestures to communicate with each other. When a leader wants other soldiers to follow him, he points to them, and then he uses his arm to point _________ the direction they should go. Soldiers in different countries use similar signals so that they can understand each other even if they are not from the same group.

In classical concerts, musicians such as pianists and violinists _________ the directions of the conductor. He or she will direct the other musicians during the song through hand movements and by _________ a small stick known as baton. Therefore, hand gestures also __________ an important role in the orchestra.

4 . Feeling lucky and want to try your luck on the lottery (彩票)? The chances of becoming a millionaire are definitely few   (in fact you are more ___________ to be struck by lightning). But millions of ordinary people, like you or me -- or John Goodman, this week’s lottery millionaire-- regularly buy our tickets, just ___________. Maybe, we too will join the hundreds of people who win jackpots (头奖)on national lotteries every week.

John Goodman, 42, an unemployed father of two from Sweden, is the latest to join the jet set. John was having a quiet drink in his local pub with his mates when his ___________ came up on the TV and he found out he’d won ￡17 million. According to locals, John is already planning to buy the pub.

___________, people like John and his fellow lottery millionaires aren’t the only winners. The turnover (营业额) for the ___________ industry in the UK alone is over ￡42 billion per year-- that’s over ￡115 million a day. And over ￡1.5 billion of this goes to the government in taxes.

The lottery has always been popular with ___________ as a way of raising money. When the British government was looking for ways to spend more on sport and the arts in the 1990s, it ___________ the lottery. When America was recovering from the Civil War, lotteries helped ___________ the building of more than 50 universities, including Harvard and Yale. And over 2,000 years ago in China, the Great Wall was partly paid for with lottery money.

But where there are winners there are also ___________. It is well-known that the poor play the lottery more often than the rich and some ____________ of the lottery call it a tax on the poor. People on ____________ incomes can end up spending hundreds of pounds a year on lottery tickets and some will become lottery addicts. Meanwhile, the rich play it ____________ by investing their money in less risky ways-- buying stocks and shares, ____________.

Large sums of government money go to charities every year and charities certainly ____________ it. But at the same time, when lottery money starts coming in, governments usually ____________ the amount that they normally spend on good causes (事业). This means that many charities, and especially the low profile ones, can suddenly find themselves with a lot less money.

So who actually wins in the end? It’s something to think about next time you find yourself tempted to buy a lottery ticket.

5 . It took brave European explorers less than 300 years, between 1420 and 1713, to establish that all the seas of the world formed an enormous and continuous ocean. This discovery encouraged them to _____ into areas which hadn’t been charted until then. With the discovery of new lands, new trade routes were _____. In many parts of the world, colonies and settlements were established and many odd-looking products were brought back to _____, arousing great interest and _____ wealth.

It was probably the irresistible desire for wealth that _____ persuaded Europeans of the fifteenth century to _____ their legendary dangers and explore further out into the open seas. They were also _____ by the love for their countries. Many explorers wanted to serve their kings and countries as well as gain personal _____ from their exploring.

The most effective way of gaining wealth was through _____. Silk, gold, silver and ______ stones, and more importantly spices, such as gingers and peppers, were the most profitable trade goods in Europe. Spices were of the greatest ______ because they enabled the Europeans to make their winter diet of salted meat more delicious. These items were ______ mostly from the East by a difficult overland route. The Italian ______, who bought goods from the Arabs of Alexandria, controlled the trade along this route. Other countries of the Mediterranean ______ the wealth which this trade generated and they were ______ to discover new routes which would allow them to share in it.

6 . In today’s American society, background checks have become a routine part of hiring process, employers use them to ______________ potential workers, judging whether they are qualified for the posts. Through background checks, employers can also make sure that the information applicants provide is truthful, which ______________ the applicants’ moral quality.

Then what do background checks investigate? Many include a review of the employee’s employment history trying to confirm whether the employee has ever been fired or forced to ______________ . Employers also pay attention to the length of unemployment, afraid that long-time ______________ from work may bring negative influence to the employee’s performance. Sometimes, an applicant’s residential history is also an issue. Jobs with state or local governments often require that the employee live in certain areas, reducing the chances for them to have contact with ______________ people. Besides living near the work place is always welcome as it saves time and fares on ______________ . Another item which can’t be neglected is the applicant’s criminal history as in whether he has ever been arrested or put into prison. Although ______________ like traffic ticketing or queue jumping are usually pardoned, breaking a criminal law is rarely ______________ and, in most cases, is sure to result in the ending of the employment. Then comes the social history. A background check that involves the applicant’s social history is ______________ needed for government posts or employment in finance and law industries that require greater self ______________ . A small mistake in these posts may result in huge loss. The investigation usually checks drug use, family relationships and social contacts, in order to ______________ hiring someone unsuitable for the posts. Background investigators who ______________ social history may interview neighbors and professional references ______________ by the applicant.

Finally in the field of education background, an application form may ask for copies of licenses or university diplomas to show the applicant’s ______________ performances. In many instances, an education background check is so ______________ about details that investigators even confirm the date on which the employee earned his degree to determine if it agrees with the information the employee provided on his application.

9 . A new study, carried out by The American Automobile Association of America (AAA), has found that driver assistance systems fail to perform some actions in real-world test situations.

The experiments aimed to recreate common driving situations to measure the _______ of the assistance systems. All of the four test models had systems designed to provide emergency stopping assistance. _______, they were built to help keep vehicles within a lane and to back up speed control systems. AAA said the test vehicles repeatedly _______ on public roads when dealing with some real-world situations.

Separate tests were carried out in a _______ environment off public roads. In those tests, all vehicles were able to _______ stay in a lane and to recognize the presence of another vehicle entering into traffic. However, three out of four vehicles _______ a test in which a lead vehicle changed lanes, causing a stopped vehicle to suddenly appear. AAA said in this test, each of the three cases required a driver to be involved to _______ an immediate crash.

Automakers usually warn that the ability to _______ a stopped vehicle after a lead vehicle changes lanes is a design limitation for driver assistance systems. But AAA’s director of automotive engineering, Greg Brannon said vehicles had been expected to notice the stopped cars and react in time. Brannon said one reason for the _______ could be that several manufacturers use the word pilot in the names of their systems. “Confusing vocabulary may lead someone to ________ a system’s capability, unintentionally placing the driver and others on the road at risk.” He added.

10 . Artificial intelligence (AI) has amazing potential to change the world, and we’ve only just begun to scratch the surface. As AI matures and people move further away from distinct programming and monitoring of systems, unidentified bias (偏见) might make decisions continue for a long time that cause _______ harm for individuals and society. This bias might _______ input data or even the algorithms (算法) themselves.

All too often, data sets are incomplete and the sample represented in the data set does not _______ the population that the AI model is making predictions about — this is known as coverage bias. Some other types of bias related to input data include sampling bias, where data is not collected randomly from the target group, and participation bias, where users from certain groups _______ surveys at different rates than users from other groups. Still, another more challenging bias to identify is confirmation bias that occurs when a decision maker or analyst has a strong _______ belief or experience that affects their ability to consider alternatives. This could lead one to more strongly _______ data that confirms a preexisting belief.

Bias resulting from AI algorithms themselves, or algorithmic bias, is equally _______. One example of algorithmic bias is implicit bias or unconscious bias, where data scientists _______ make associations or assumptions based on their mental models and memories that affect data modeling decisions. Implicit bias can _______ how data is collected and classified, or how systems are designed and developed. As machines learn, their conclusions and decisions affect people. Ethical (道德的) AI must understand these impacts and create governance and testing methods to ________ mistakes and inaccuracies.

To create ethical AI, companies need to put the ________ of the individual at the center of data innovation. This means thinking about ________ rights as human rights and developing a comprehensive approach to data, including how we use AI.

Having ________ data practices for AI means having good AI governance. This governance not only focuses on data and analytics but also understands the impacts of any given analysis and makes sure it’s ________ and accurate. Good AI governance includes data responsibility as well as a commitment to transparency (透明性).

None of this will be easy, but true innovation never is. By coming together and working on the problem of bias now, before it becomes a(n) ________ force, businesses can help bring out the best AI has to offer the world.