1 . Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred 10 this as a "GAFA tax", meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple. Facebook and Amazon - in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.
The digital services lax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks. But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the United States trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies, which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.
The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead, the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international lax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits lax), Australia's MAAL (multinational anti-avoidance law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence), to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union, Spain, Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.
These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax, even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.
In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution.
Both France and the United States are involved in the organizations' work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.
France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.
1. The French Senate has passed a bill to ________.A.regulate digital services platforms | B.protect French companies' interest |
C.impose a duty on tech multinationals | D.curb the influence of digital technology |
A.may trigger countermeasures against France |
B.is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad |
C.aims to ease international trade tensions |
D.will prompt the tech giants 10 quit France |
A.redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured |
B.the current international tax system needs upgrading |
C.tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented |
D.all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights |
A.OECD's current work on the international tax system has uncertain prospects. |
B.France's digital services tax mirror in detail Britain's DPT. Australia's MAAL and India's SEP. |
C.France's digital services tax is targeted on such companies as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon and their users. |
D.Other nations are likely to follow the example of France and make a joint effort to impose taxes on American multinationals. |
2 . Economists have long tried to calculate the value of unpaid housework. In terms of inputs and outputs, the
Last month China was shocked when a court ordered a man to pay his wife $7,700 for housework during their live-year marriage. The wife, known as Ms Wang, told a judge in Beijing that she "looked after the child and managed the household
The court ruling was widely
In the West, where the starting principle is an equal split of the couple's assets on divorce, claims for extra compensation are
In Britain, the concept of compensation fell out of use for over a decade before resurfacing in 2020, bringing the question of pay for housework into the
Many women have no option but to leave the workforce when they start a family—the cost of child care might
A.accusations | B.ambitions | C.contributions | D.exclamations |
A.fabrics | B.folds | C.packages | D.pockets |
A.appliances | B.chores | C.conflicts | D.expenses |
A.approved | B.celebrated | C.circulated | D.questioned |
A.awarded | B.channeled | C.furnished | D.transferred |
A.additional | B.compulsory | C.free | D.paid |
A.free | B.help | C.relieve | D.suspend |
A.considered | B.encouraged | C.favored | D.rejected |
A.gives out | B.loses out | C.misses out | D.wears out |
A.forum | B.horizon | C.lens | D.spotlight |
A.admit | B.recall | C.reflect | D.signal |
A.at first glance | B.for the first time | C.first of all | D.in the first place |
A.counter | B.eliminate | C.outweigh | D.replace |
A.accommodate | B.escape | C.fortify | D.shift |
A.check | B.distinguish | C.promote | D.publicize |
A. documenting B. resigned C. viral D. sensation E. rooted F. rarely G. appeal H. reassured I. fixed J. waking K. marvelously |
A Chinese "Auntie" Went on a Solo Road Trip. Now, She's a Feminist Icon
SuMin, a 56-year-old retiree from Henan province in central China, has never been happier. "I've been a wife, a mother and a grandmother," Su said. "I came out this time to find myself."
After fulfilling her family's expectations of dutiful Chinese womanhood, Su is embracing a new identity: fearless road-tripper and internet
Her main
Her unexpected popularity speaks to the collision of two major forces in Chinese society: the rapid spread of the internet and a flourishing awareness of gender equality in a country where traditional gender roles are still deeply
Still, Su said, she never considered a divorce, worried about a social stigma that is still pervasive in much of China. She
On September 24, she
In her videos, she marvelled at her newfound freedom. She could drive as fast as she wanted, brake as hard as she liked. Still, Su blushes when asked about her new fame. She also says she is not yet qualified to claim the mantle of feminist. "It took me so many years to realize that I had to live for myself." She paused: "It's something I'm
Human memory is notoriously (众所周知地) unreliable. Even people with the sharpest facial recognition skills can only remember so much.
It’s tough to quantify how good a person is
Machines aren’t limited this way. Give the right computer a massive database of faces, and it can process what it sees – then recognize a face it
The thing is, machines still have limitations when it comes to facial recognition. And scientists are only just beginning to understand what those constraints are.
As the databases grew, machine accuracy dipped across the board. Algorithms
Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alike –either doppelgangers (长相极相似的人), whom the machine would have trouble
5 . The World Trade Organization (WTO) was formed in January of 1995. It deals with the regulation of international trade.
Here we will focus on two of those aspects: doing business internationally and raising living standards worldwide. Before the WTO, countries relied on independent partnerships to accomplish trade. Doing trade was often expensive, as tariffs were high. With one place for all of these countries to meet, and discuss new trade deals together, it is easier for them to make trade deals that are advantageous for all parties.
How does the WTO raise the standard of living globally? In modern life, we rely heavily on trade to have the things we need and want. For example, China exports a lot of manufactured items to many countries. These frequent international transactions can also raise living standards by introducing new jobs to different countries. Without international business and trade, there would be far fewer jobs in all countries.
There are many benefits of being in the WTO. However, sometimes it leads to international disputes.
A.It is similar to having an office to accomplish work. |
B.With jobs, citizens are able to earn income and have a better life. |
C.The WTO also seeks to increase awareness of unity and cooperation. |
D.It currently has over 160 participating members. |
E.The functions of the WTO are constantly changing and developing. |
F.Some have accused the WTO of promoting too much globalization. |
6 . “Chinese tourists have overtaken (超过) Germans as the world’s biggest-spending travelers after a decade of rapid growth in the number of Chinese vacationing abroad,” the United Nations World Tourism Organization said.
Chinese tourists, known for travelling in organized tours and
Tourists from other fast-developing economies with a growing middle class, such as Russia and Brazil, also
“The impressive growth of tourism spending from China and Russia reflects the
The German Travel Association said it was to be expected that the Chinese tourists would
“But that they have overtaken us already is
“The Chinese make more long-distance trips than Germans, who
China is the world’s fastest-growing tourist-source market,
Chinese tourists made 83 million
“Hotels, tour companies, restaurants and even taxi drivers will need to improve
Other countries in the top 10 posted growth in travel spending.
A.starting | B.buying | C.showing | D.designing |
A.costing | B.passing | C.beating | D.controlling |
A.increased | B.limited | C.postponed | D.checked |
A.lengths | B.budgets | C.destinations | D.plans |
A.inquiry | B.investigation | C.research | D.entry |
A.eventually | B.secretly | C.suddenly | D.normally |
A.businessmen | B.housewives | C.residents | D.immigrants |
A.exciting | B.frightening | C.amazing | D.interesting |
A.usually | B.reluctantly | C.purposefully | D.ideally |
A.public | B.additional | C.free | D.average |
A.in spite of | B.thanks to | C.except for | D.in addition to |
A.family | B.business | C.exploratory | D.foreign |
A.knowledge | B.appreciation | C.criticism | D.ability |
A.tear | B.attract | C.drive | D.cheat |
A.Otherwise | B.Therefore | C.Besides | D.However |
A. efficiently | B. leading | C. working | D. attracted | AB. travelling | AC. managed |
AD. talented | BC. opportunities | BD. competition | CD. business | ABC. measure |
New York City and Shanghai
New York City is always thought of as the financial capital of the world. However, there is
New York is famous for its financial market on Wall Street. The Dow Jones Index (道琼斯指数) is the measure used to record how stocks and shares in companies are rising or falling in value. It is also famous for its international business network. New York financial service companies have a huge number of
For people
When it comes to business culture though, there are many differences. In China,
American Indians
When you think of a typical American, whom do you picture? A pretty white American like Taylor Swift? Or a handsome black American like Barack Obama or basketball star Kobe Bryant? In fact, there was a time when the average American looked like
Back in the year 1500, the average American was a brown-skinned hunter-gatherer who probably rode a horse and wore clothing
You
9 . The Best Language for Math
What’s the best language for learning math? Hint: You’re not reading it.
Chinese, Japanese and Korean use simpler number words and express math concepts more clearly than English. The language gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several studies to weaker counting and arithmetic skill in children in English-speaking countries.
Chinese has just nine number words, while English has more than two dozen. The trouble starts at “11”. English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages) have words that can be translated as “ten-one” – spoken with the “ten” first.
English number words over 10 don’t as clearly label place values. Number words for the teens reverse the order of the ones and “teens”, making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English number words have a harder time doing multi-digit addition and subtraction (减法)
It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the “make-a-ten” addition and subtraction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4.
Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother tongue, all math problems just come less confusing and difficult to you!
A.So it’s not easy for English speakers to label place values clearly. |
B.The additional mental steps needed to solve problems cause more errors. |
C.Differences between Chinese and English, in particular, have been studied for decades. |
D.This method is a powerful tool for solving more advanced multi-digit addition and subtraction problems. |
E.Different languages indicate different ways of thinking, causing people to solve math problems differently. |
F.That makes it easier for children to understand the place value as well as making it clear that the number system is based on units of 10. |
10 . One of the roles of the Nobel Prize for literature is to shine a light on someone who has been less visible than they deserve. That role was
Unlike previous popular recipients living in Britain, he is not a
There is a(n)
He began and stuck to writing to
In this sense, Gurnah’s work, which
A.assumed | B.fulfilled | C.interpreted | D.handled |
A.household name | B.black horse | C.new face | D.walking dictionary |
A.demanded | B.tended | C.qualified | D.failed |
A.cast doubt on | B.shown sympathy for | C.taken any notice of | D.put trust in |
A.bridge | B.gulf | C.opposition | D.association |
A.illustration | B.definition | C.navigation | D.accusation |
A.prizing | B.initiating | C.fighting | D.escaping |
A.take care | B.take charge | C.make sense | D.make sure |
A.repeatedly | B.periodically | C.scarcely | D.accidentally |
A.bother with | B.contribute to | C.consist of | D.admit to |
A.spite | B.knowledge | C.empathy | D.necessity |
A.Obviously | B.Naturally | C.Consequently | D.Strikingly |
A.imposed | B.healed | C.received | D.examined |
A.psychological | B.geographical | C.ideological | D.demographical |
A.discounts | B.awards | C.spotlights | D.evaluates |