Sedona hiking trails can be fun and relaxing, but sometimes can also be challenging and dangerous.
Rogers, 33, an on-duty airman, was in town from Colorado Springs for adventures on Sedona trails. Even he had just taken a sharp turn on his mountain bike in April 2020 when he was stopped short by the sight of a woman sitting on the side of the trail. She was cute and had long blond hair and big expressive eyes. What he didn’t know then was that she was also in extreme pain.
Sydney Linden, 28, had been jogging down Adobe Jack Trail in Sedona, Arizona, for a picturesque sunset view of the Red Rocks when she hopped over a rock and her leg over extended on the landing. The pain was instant.
Her right leg collapsed and she hit the dirt hard. Linden tried to stand but collapsed. She wasn’t sure if she had torn her ACL (十字韧带), broken her leg, or something else. All she knew was that the pain was a 15 out of 10.
Although it was spring, the Arizona sun beat down relentlessly (无情地). Linden dragged herself to the shade, as if an animal preparing to die. She’d called a friend, but after 30 minutes, her friend was lost. That’s when she saw the mountain biker.
Rogers was trying to play it cool. He casually rode by at a slower speed, stealing a glance at the woman. Sensing her suffering, Rogers stopped and asked if he could help. Linden explained her situation and that’s when he noticed the swelling under her leggings. She needed a hospital-now.
Rogers helped Linden to her feet and they began the steep (陡坡) over the rocky region and desert bushes. It was a long way to go. Leaning on Rogers, Linden tried to hop along, but the pain was severe. She would never make it to the trailhead (登山口) this way.
注意:
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2. 至少使用5个短文中有下划线的关键词语;
3. 续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好;
4. 续写完成后, 请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
Then Rogers had another idea.
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Paragraph 2:
It was after the operation that Linden found Rogers gone.
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2 . Today I had lunch with Cynthia. As I was waiting for her to arrive, I
I thought I had done a(n)
When leaving, I asked Cynthia to
In the past 7 years I’ve been able to
| A．saw | B．scolded | C．heard | D．comforted |
| A．phone | B．card | C．check | D．cash |
| A．up | B．outside | C．in | D．down |
| A．offered | B．agreed | C．begged | D．preferred |
| A．bill | B．menu | C．goods | D．table |
| A．upset | B．surprised | C．scared | D．relieved |
| A．good | B．useless | C．disturbing | D．evil |
| A．breakfast | B．lunch | C．tea | D．dinner |
| A．factory | B．plant | C．restaurant | D．store |
| A．but | B．so | C．or | D．though |
| A．bravery | B．inspiration | C．kindness | D．rudeness |
| A．watch out | B．pick out | C．set out | D．work out |
| A．track | B．road | C．trip | D．journey |
| A．deserving | B．funny | C．greedy | D．starving |
| A．eat up | B．pay for | C．pack up | D．prepare for |
| A．pity | B．calmness | C．joy | D．frustration |
| A．receive | B．show | C．witness | D．practise |
| A．wave | B．origin | C．end | D．circle |
| A．adventure | B．investment | C．recognition | D．involvement |
| A．gratitude | B．devotion | C．commitment | D．attachment |
3 . Owww! A little girl wails after falling and bumping her knee. Her father rushes over and inspects the leg. “I’ll kiss it and make it better,” he says. The kiss works. The girl sniffles, wipes her eyes, then jumps up and gets back to playing. Her pain is forgotten.
Scenes like this one happen on playgrounds and in homes around the world every day. When a child gets a bump or bruise in Germany, says Ulrike Bingel, “someone will blow the pain away.”
A caring adult can seemingly stop a child’s pain with a puff of air, a kiss or even just a few kind words. Of course, none of these things can repair injured skin. So what’s happening? Doctors call it the placebo effect. It describes what happens when something that should have no effect triggers a real, positive change in someone’s body.
Placebos are a very important part of medical research. To prove that a new medicine works, researchers must show that people taking it improve more than people getting a placebo. This placebo is usually a pill that looks the same as the treatment but contains no medicine. At times a person may feel better after taking a placebo pill, even though the pill did not act on any disease or symptoms.
This placebo response isn’t an illusion. It comes from the brain. A placebo effect can only influence body processes that the brain can modify, such as pain or digestion.
Kathryn Hall, a medical researcher in Boston says, “Placebos don’t do anything for bacteria, but they can change how strongly someone experiences pain or other symptoms.” Other researchers are also trying to figure out why the placebo effect works. Ted Kaptchuk’s group has discovered that placebo treatments work better when a doctor spends more quality time with a patient.
1. Which of the following can be described as placebo effect?| A．Taking more responsibilities if promoted. |
| B．Not feeling pains in knees after an operation. |
| C．Becoming more active after drinking coffee. |
| D．Falling fast asleep after taking vitamins labelled as sleeping pills. |
| A．To persuade patients to try the placebo pills. | B．To introduce the placebo effect. |
| C．To encourage studies on placebo pills. | D．To promote values of real pills. |
| A．Power of Placebos | B．Value of Placebo Pills |
| C．History of Placebo Research | D．Placebo Effects on Patients |
My family moved in a small house in Brighton, Colorado on my seventh birthday. My first memory is our neighbor Bill, an old man, handing me strawberries from his garden through a hole in the chain-link fence. “We need to make the hole bigger,” he said jokingly. Later I knew that he lived alone.
Bill spent much time working in the garden, and I was always talking lo him from our yard. I was a chatterbox. I think what drew me to Bill is that he never got tired of listening to me. I also think Bill saw a lot of himself in me — we were both lonely and anxious — and that may be why he always took the time to listen to me. It was a wonderful connection.
There weren’t any kids of my age in the neighborhood, and my parents were very busy, so I mostly played in the yard with my dog. I had a lot of imaginary friends — a whole family, actually, with a wife, children, a best friend…no joke. Weird kid.
One day, my parents asked Bill whether he’d watch me while they were away on business. This worked for everyone, so it became a somewhat monthly occurrence. Bill had a spare room in his house, which became “my” room.
Bill promised to teach me to drive the lawn tractor someday and I was always looking forward to it. In winter, Bill would attach a snowplow to the front of the lawn tractor. I seriously told him that I would invent a better snowplow when I grew up. “Sure you will. You’ll get a patent certificate. It takes a certificate to prove an important thing,” Bill said with a smile.
One snowy morning, an idea suddenly hit me. My parents were watching TV when I spit it out, “What if I adopted Bill as my grandpa?” My parents said I could go over and ask him.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右：
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分为两段，开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1
I knocked on his door, sat down in his living room, and asked, “Can I adopt you as my grandpa?”
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Paragraph 2
The next morning, while learning to drive the lawn tractor with a snowplow, I accidentally plowed down our chain-link fence.
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1. 表示欢迎；
2. 专家介绍；
3. 讲座内容。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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6 . High school graduations are one of the most important moments in a teenager’s life. However, heading into the
David was about to
“I was hoping that she would let it go, but she
Although firstly
It’s said that a truly
| A．festival | B．conference | C．ceremony | D．exhibition |
| A．eager | B．upset | C．thrilled | D．frightened |
| A．violation | B．favor | C．honor | D．place |
| A．envied | B．guaranteed | C．allowed | D．refused |
| A．destroy | B．miss | C．seize | D．abandon |
| A．strange | B．happy | C．friendly | D．serious |
| A．accompanied | B．invited | C．pushed | D．directed |
| A．read | B．draw | C．relax | D．change |
| A．agreed on | B．complained about | C．insisted on | D．argued about |
| A．reason | B．talk | C．quarrel | D．bargain |
| A．decisive | B．unbelievable | C．important | D．appropriate |
| A．shirt | B．gifts | C．role | D．shoes |
| A．event | B．doors . | C．school | D．curtains |
| A．saved | B．prevented | C．benefited | D．excused |
| A．annoyed | B．entertained | C．confused | D．worried |
| A．sensitive | B．urgent | C．ridiculous | D．ugly |
| A．surprised | B．excited | C．disappointed | D．annoyed |
| A．considerate | B．grateful | C．loving | D．proud |
| A．inspired | B．optimistic | C．generous | D．wealthy |
| A．contributes | B．refers | C．turns | D．applies |
7 . They say procrastination (拖延) is the thief of time — actually deadlines are. New research has found that if you want someone to help you out with something, it is best not to set a deadline at all. But if you do set a deadline, make it short.
Professor Stephen Knowles tested the effect of deadline length on task completion for their research. Participants were invited to complete an online survey concerning a charity donation. They were given either one week, one month, or no deadline to respond. Professor Knowles says although the topic of the survey was about charity, the results are true of any situation where someone asks another person for help.
The study found responses to the survey were lowest for the one-month deadline and highest when no deadline was specified (明确规定). No deadline and the one-week deadline led to many early responses, while a long deadline appeared to give people permission to procrastinate, and then forget. Professor Knowles wasn’t surprised to find that specifying a shorter deadline increased the chances of receiving a response compared to a longer deadline. However, he did find it interesting that they received the most responses when no deadline was specified.
“We interpret this as evidence that specifying a longer deadline, as opposed to a short deadline or no deadline at all, removes the urgency to act,” he says. “People therefore put off undertaking the task, and since they are inattentive or forget, postponing it results in lower response rates.”
He says of the research that it is possible that not specifying a deadline might still have led participants to assume that there is an unspoken deadline. Professor Knowles hopes his research can help reduce the amount of procrastinating people do. “Many people procrastinate. They have the best intentions of helping someone out, but just do not get around to doing it.”
1. Why did Professor Knowles do the research?| A．To study the role a deadline plays in procrastination. |
| B．To find out whether people are interested in charity. |
| C．To attract public attention to the effects of procrastination. |
| D．To test the effect of procrastination on task completion. |
| A．No deadlines. | B．Short deadlines. |
| C．Specific deadlines. | D．Long deadlines. |
| A．They oppose the deadline. | B．They are unwilling to act. |
| C．They lack a sense of urgency. | D．They are too busy to remember. |
| A．Procrastination — the Thief of Time |
| B．Procrastination — an Urgent Problem to Solve |
| C．Deadline — a Result of Procrastination |
| D．Deadline — the Key to Reducing Procrastination |
8 . When Oumou Dieye first started competing against men in the sport of golf, she was not confident and felt a little afraid. The men did not want to golf with her nor did they take her seriously. But then, she won her first game. After that, she had all the confidence she needed to keep playing and defeating male golfers.
Dieye is the only professional female golfer in Senegal. She was introduced to golf by her brother-in-law and immediately fell in love. Not long after she began competing, Dieye was given a chance to train in Morocco. With the financial support from her French golf partners, she spent three months training with the Moroccan Golf Federation. She said she enjoyed the experience so much that she returned to Morocco and stayed for seven years. While there, she also taught children at a golfing school.
Today her home is filled with many golfing awards. She has won so many that she has lost track of the number. What she has done is notable because Senegal is a conservative, Muslim nation. There is much pressure from society for women not to be involved in professional sports. The country practices a more liberal form of Islam (伊斯兰教). However, the culture still has traditional ideas of what women should do. A woman who chooses sports over duties at home risks being rejected by her family. At first, her family was not supportive. But after seeing her love of the sport, they changed their minds.
In 2018, when Dieye returned from Morocco, she was not happy about the state of golf in her home country. She wanted to create a golf school similar to the one in Morocco. In 2020, the Senegalese Golf Federation agreed to help Dieye establish a golf school in preparation for the 2026 Summer Youth Olympics in Dakar. It will be Dieye’s job to train Senegal’s first national golf team. This will involve preparing female golfers-including her own daughter.
1. What was the situation when Dieye first played golf with male players?| A．She was a shy girl short of social skills. |
| B．Her family didn’t support her golf career. |
| C．They didn’t think she was a worthy competitor. |
| D．She was the only female golfer of the country. |
| A．It has received financial support from France. |
| B．Women there are encouraged to stay at home. |
| C．Sports play an important part in people’s life. |
| D．Golf players are very popular in the country. |
| A．A pioneer. | B．An explorer. |
| C．A producer. | D．An investigator. |
9 . Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,0000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
1. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?| A．They must run long distances. |
| B．They have to follow special rules. |
| C．They are qualified for the marathon. |
| D．They are good at swinging their legs. |
| A．It’s less challenging physically. |
| B．It’s more popular at the Olympics. |
| C．It’s less likely to cause knee injuries. |
| D．It’s more effective in body building. |
| A．Doing regular exercises. | B．Having a medical checkup. |
| C．Hiring an experienced coach. | D．Getting experts’ opinions. |
| A．Objective. | B．Doubtful. |
| C．Tolerant. | D．Supportive. |
10 . Some documents have been making the rounds lately — where people who work various positions in different industries share how much they’re paid.
Bravo! It’s about time we blew up that old belief that salaries have to stay secret. This is not just a matter of curiosity. Having information about salaries can help narrow the gender wage gap, which has barely changed for more than a decade. Recently released date from the US Census Bureau shows that, on average, women working full time still are paid only 82 cents for every dollar paid to a man. And the gap is even wider for many women of color: Black women make 62 cents, and Latinas just 54 cents. What’s more, the pay gap even extends into her retirement. Because she earned less and therefore paid less to the social security system, she receives less in social security benefits.
Having greater access to salary information is helping to speed things up. A new research report by the American Association of University Women shows that the wage gap tends to be smaller in job sectors where pay transparency (透明) is a must. For example, among federal government workers, there’s just a 13 percent pay difference between men and women, and in state government, the gap is about 17 percent. But in private, for-profit companies, where salaries are generally kept under wraps, the gender wage gap jumps to 29 percent.
Fortunately, salary information is increasingly available on some websites. Certain companies and many human resources departments are pushing ahead with this practice. Of course, it’s going to take more than salary transparency to equalize earnings between women and men. But sharing salaries can and must be part of the solution. The more information women have about how jobs are valued — and what different people earn — the better they will understand their value in the labor market and be able to push for the pay they deserve.
1. Why are the figures mentioned in paragraph 2?| A．To reveal the severity of gender wage gap. |
| B．To confirm the previous belief about salaries. |
| C．To satisfy readers’ curiosity about others’ salaries. |
| D．To appeal to readers to share their salary information. |
| A．The inequality between men and women. |
| B．The need to keep salary information a secret. |
| C．The advantage of working for the government. |
| D．The benefit of making salary information public. |
| A．Critical. | B．Favourable. |
| C．Unclean | D．Negative. |
| A．Why It Pays to Share How Much You Make |
| B．Where Salary Information Difference Lies |
| C．What It Takes to Realize Gender Equality |
| D．How Woman’s Value Improves at Work. |
