| A. particularly B. impact C. ensuring D. cost E. threat F. additional G. connectivity H. response I. address J. function K. forced |
The United States is committed to empowering women all over the world. In too many places around the world today women face barriers to equality, resources, and opportunities, said USAID’s Senior official Michelle Bekkering. It could be a barrier to credit, to the
“Gender-based violence harms women, girls, their families, communities and countries,” added Bekkering.
Gender-based violence, is a universal barrier to global security, women’s empowerment, and economic growth. It is estimated right now that gender-based violence has
USAID is trying to eliminate it through prevention and response. On prevention, we first need to learn what’s causing the problem,
As part of a
Improving girls’ education is a step in the right direction, said Ms. Bekkering. For every
U.S. Congress appropriates (拨款) a combined 150 million dollars to the State Department and to USAID for the global effort to
Women and girls should be safe from the
Behaviour contracts for teenagers
The conflict between you and your son or daughter is a problem and maybe it’s time you
What is a home rules contract?
Dr Barker: It’s a formal agreement about the rules of behavior that teenagers
Who
Dr Barker: All the adults who have a parental role should be engaged. It's important that they all agree and stick to the rules themselves. At the same time, the teenagers should also contribute their ideas.
What are the advantages of a contract?
Dr Barker: It makes it very clear to teens what they are and aren’t allowed
What areas should be covered in a contract?
Dr Barker: That depends. You can’t make rules for everything, so you have to decide what's most important and
Do contracts solve all the problems?
Dr Barker: No. of course not! There will always be conflicts and disagreements
We don’t choose our siblings the way we choose our partners and friends. Of course, we don’t choose our parents either, but they usually make that up to us by accompanying us on the way to adulthood. Brothers and sisters are just sort of there. And yet, when it comes to our development, they can be more influential than parents.
Whether these relationships make our life better or worse is a more complicated question. On the upside, positive interactions with siblings during adolescence foster empathy, prosocial behavior, and academic achievement. However, when a sibling relationship is bad, it can be really bad. Tense sibling relationships make people more likely to be depressed and anxious in adolescence. Moreover, sibling bullying makes a kid involved in self-harm as a teen and develop mental problems in adulthood.
Whether a person models himself after his siblings or tries to distinguish himself has particularly important consequences. One study found that siblings who felt positive about each other tended to achieve similar education levels while those who spent unequal time with their dad and got unequal parental treatment had different educational fortunes. That difference is changeable. On the other hand, following your sibling can be a mistake: teenagers are more likely to be involved in risky behavior if an older sibling did so first.
One way or another, sibling influence is lasting. A study of more than one million Swedes found that one’s risk of dying of a heart attack multiplies after a sibling dies of one, due not only to shared DNA but also to the stress of losing such a key figure. The findings make sense: Most of us are different people than we’d have been if our brothers or sisters were never born.
4 . The Social Psychology of Potential Problems in Family Vacation Travel
We think vacation travel can cause problems, but subjects did report experiencing less anger, arguing and tension on the vacation than when they are not. It may mean that American vacation habits help to produce self-fulfilling prophecies: one expects to experience less difficulty and so one does, opposite to another kind of self-fulfilling prophecies a small number of travelers encounter when trips prove disappointing after they see too many movies featuring travel frustrations. But it may also mean that vacations are actually relatively stress free. Moreover, for some of the very reasons that we theorize that vacations should create problems for many families, vacations may allow families to experiment creatively with their pattern of living, which may free families from well laid out territories and role routines to explore new and rewarding ways of relating.
Although the supply of family therapists at national parks and resort hotels are now being advocated, we believe that vacations can be diagnostic of inherent relationship problems. It is difficult to sort out the tensions due to normal vacation frustrations from tensions representing underlying serious problems, but some families with serious problems by using work, school, and recreation patterns and by using privacy and territoriality patterns to keep themselves apart, according to Goffman in his book The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, when on vacation, may come face to face with the problems they have avoided. These people might be well advised to avoid joint vacations.
If we are right about vacation travel, we have some advice for people planning family vacation trips. One is to expect interpersonal difficulties and not to be horrified by them. Another is to be aware of problems which may arise from traveling with people outside of the immediate nuclear family. Routinized vacations (for example, always taking a fishing-at-a-resort vacation) have their advantages too, as do vacations that put people in relatively house-like-settings (for example, a homestay where “the family cook” can continue to cook). Good vacations, like good family relationships, may require a considerable investment in tolerance, negotiation, and planning, though not always achieved, even by good people with the best of intentions.
1. This passage is most probably from________.| A．a book review | B．an advertisement |
| C．a travel blog | D．a research paper |
| A．We stopped for a few days at the Browns’, having promised to do so if we could. |
| B．Never does Jason have confidence in fulfilling his dreams of becoming a singer because of his sense of inferiority. |
| C．Yanqi accidentally wrote his answer in the mismatched blank again, after he bet his desk mate￥5 that he would repeat the same mistake made last month. |
| D．Selina, the veteran detective, cast doubt on Adam’s identity, and it turned out that he was indeed the real killer! |
| A．Travel frustrations on road keep family members apart. |
| B．Different family members are engaged in individual recreational activities. |
| C．Each person has a specific place to sit in the living room. |
| D．No disturbance happens when the child studies in his own room. |
| A．Don’t worry about prospective vacation conflicts, and mutual understanding as well as timely dialogue may be helpful. |
| B．Good vacations happen when customs and cultures of your destination are similar to the settings of your hometown. |
| C．Trip with families is always beneficial, because immediate families are people with good intentions. |
| D．Travel offers a golden opportunity for family therapy, so specialists should be equipped in tourist attractions. |
