1 . Cultural misunderstanding happens when you do something that is totally fine to do in your culture but it is offensive to the other.     1     Sometimes unintentionally, someone may hurt your feelings and sometimes maybe you will offend someone terribly. In either case, you should always accept that there is a possibility that cultural differences are causing communication problems.     2     So, here are some of the most common cultural misunderstandings one may have to face.

Embracing

Embracing is one of the ways to greet in most parts of the world but not in all parts of the world.     3     In east Asia it’s advised to keep a respectful distance. In Oatar, men and women are forbidden to publicly embrace one another. Whereas, in some countries embracing is an important part of their lives. In Italy, literally embracing one another on a regular basis is a common custom. However, you might want to avoid embracing opposite gender no matter where you are.

    4    

You must know in many cultures especially in Muslims, sole of feet are directed very carefully. If you are pointing your feet soles to someone, it is like disrespecting them, or even an offense to an Arab.

No shoes

There are many places in the world where you must take your shoes off before entering. Masjids and temples are the common example for this. However, in some cultures you are not even allowed to enter a private house with your shoes on. In the south pacific or some parts of east Asia, you must remember to remove your shoes before entering a house as a sign of respect and cleanliness.     5    

A．Mind your feet.

B．Watch your step.

C．It can happen both ways.

D．In Japanese culture this thing is most common.

E．It is always better to research possible misunderstandings to avoid troubles.

F．There are some countries where trying to embrace might get you embarrassed.

G．It is always advised to mind your body language, especially when you are in a foreign country.

2 . Who does the woman usually spend her Saturdays with?

A．Her parents.

B．Her grandma.

C．Her friends.

3 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

World Read Aloud Day is celebrated each year     1     the first Wednesday of March. It was started by the LitWorld.org website in 2010 and till now it     2    (reach) 65 countries. Its aim is to encourage people worldwide     3     cannot read to enjoy the benefits of a book. The website asks everyone to celebrate the day by taking a book, finding an audience, and     4     (read) out aloud. It is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write belongs to all people.

The website asks     5     (visit) to join in the movement to reduce the number of illiterate (不识字的) people in the world. It is     6    (absolute) necessary to help those who cannot read. The website says, "It's time to start by reading aloud to whoever might like it. Share a book with a child who might need     7    , share a story with someone who would treasure it, listen patiently to someone else's story as they share it with you." The United Nations says, "Literacy     8     （involve) a variety of learning in enabling individuals     9    (achieve) their goals, to develop their knowledge, and to participate fully in society." In that way, World Read Aloud Day does help make     10     difference.

4 . 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

There is an old saying that goes like this, “The grass looks greener on the other side of the fence.” It means that other places often look better, more interesting than the place where you live. Nowadays, a large number of Chinese kids prefer to enjoy American food and Japanese movies. They are often heard to say to each other, “Let’s go to the KEC for dinner and then watch some Japanese cartoons!” Some people are worried when they see young Chinese buying Japanese cartoon books, watching Korean soap operas and even celebrating western holidays.

Foreign books and soap operas are good, but actually, Chinese writers and actors are just as good. As for holidays, Christmas is nice, but it can never have the meaning for Chinese that the Spring Festival has, and the West has nothing to compare with the Mid-Autumn Festival. Besides, China has lots of cool things that are unique to its culture, such as calligraphy, Beijing Opera and so on. And let’s not forget the part of Chinese culture I like best: its friendliness. Not all countries are as warm as China.

It’s good to enjoy other cultures and to learn from them, but they can never replace your own culture. It’s good to look on the other side of the fence, but make sure you take a good long look. You will find that the grass isn’t always greener.

Although some people become worried about that, I don’t think it necessary. Will we get more powerful without learning from other countries? Will Chinese people live more happily without American fast food? Besides, Chinese kids can learn about other cultures and have fun, but what is important is that they also need to learn more about their own culture and be proud of Chinese culture and of being Chinese.

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5 . 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter生日将至，他属马，喜欢中国文化，为此你绘制一副国画“马”寄给他。请你写一封邮件给Peter，内容如下：
1. 表达生日祝福；
2. 说明礼物含义；
3. 告知快递信息。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

6 . Different cultures

The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot.    1    

The origin of the eastern cultures is mainly from two countries: China and India Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers-the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India.    2    When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain-the Mesopotamian Civillzation. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.    3    Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters.When the Brtish settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean.So the American culture doen't distinguish from the European culture a lot.

    4    Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Westerm languages are mostly bused on the Latin system. Other causes like human race difference count well. But what's more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no-interference(干扰)from the other.

The differences are everywhere.    5    But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle(障碍) to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the motivation of our going farther.

A．They are obvious and affect people's ways of thinking and their views of the world.

B．They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.

C．This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole.

D．At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences.

E．And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture.

F．One important thing is to learn about other cultures.

G．Let us work together to keep a variety of culture.

7 . The word “Kuitou” in Peking Opera is the technical term for various kinds of hats and headpieces worn by various characters in traditional Chinese opera. More than just meeting the requirements of acting, it also reveals an aspect of traditional Chinese culture.

In traditional Han Chinese culture, people believed that since, one’s whole body was a gift from one’s parents, it was important to avoid anything that might injure it, a principle that showed filial piety (孝道). Based on this ideology, males were required to let their hair grow long, and wearing hats became a rule of social etiquette in ancient times.

Since ancient Chinese society was divided into various social classes, people in each class wore different styles of clothes, but only the nobility were permitted to wear formal hats for adornment (装饰). People of lower classes could only wrap their head with a piece of cloth. Anyone under the age of 20 was also not allowed to wear formal hats and could only wear one after the performance of an official capping ceremony to mark their reaching of adulthood. As a result, various types of formal hats in ancient times, in addition to having value as a piece of personal adornment and social etiquette, also revealed the social classes of people and strict social divisions that existed between the nobility and common people.

In ancient times, people attached much importance to the kind of hat they wore. An old saying says, “A man of noble character would rather die than take off his hat.” The saying was based on the story of one of Confucius’s favorite students, Zi Lu, a man who was a brave warrior. Once while fighting in close hand-to-hand combat, his enemy opponent knocked off his hat. When he realized that his hat had been knocked off, Zi Lu placed down his weapon and said to the enemy soldier,” A nobleman can die, but my attire (服装) must be kept orderly.” But the moment he bent down to pick up his hat, the enemy soldier seized the opportunity and killed him. According to Zi Lu, his proper appearance, which included his hat, represented his dignity, and he would rather die than abandon his dignity. The formal hat culture of the Han Chinese continued up until the Ming Dynasty. Later after the Manchurians entered the Central Plains (满人入关), common people in society began to wear hats.

1. For Chinese males in the Han Dynasty, wearing headpieces or hats was           .

A．a requirement of acting	B．a rule of social etiquette
C．a way to show filial piety	D．a representation of culture

2. We can infer from the third paragraph that in ancient times,             

A．the formal hat was a symbol of adulthood

B．headwear was nothing but a decoration

C．only noble people could afford to wear formal hats

D．there existed little distinction between social classes

3. The author mentions the story of Zi Lu to show           .

A．how brave a person he was	B．how people valued their hats
C．how fierce an ancient war was	D．how people dealt with etiquette

8 . The Chinese name system has a long history. Today, there are over 700 different Chinese family names, but as few as twenty cover most of the Chinese family names. Most Chinese family names have only one character, but there are a few with two. Chinese family names are written first, something that often causes confusion among those from countries where the family name usually comes last.

Generally speaking, Chinese given names have one or two characters, and are written after the family names. When a baby was born, parents often give him/her a “milk name” or “little name” such as Xiaobao. The given name is then chosen somewhat later, but the parents may continue to use the nickname. Given names of males are linked with strength and firmness while females with beauty and flowers. Females sometimes have names that repeat a character.

Chinese personal names may also reflect periods of history. For example, many Chinese born during the Cultural Revolution have “revolutionary names”, such as “Guoqiang”, “Dongfeng”, or even “Wenge”!

Chinese married women usually keep their maiden names (娘家姓) as their family names, rather than use the names of their husband, and children usually use their fathers’ family name.

With a limited supply of family names, Chinese depend on using given names to introduce variety in naming. Almost any character with any meaning can be used. However, it is not considered appropriate (合适) to name a child after a famous person and highly impolite after an older member among the family or even distant relatives.

1. From the passage, we know that ________.

A．women should change their family names after getting married

B．children’s nicknames are not used when they grow up

C．people usually name their children after some famous people

D．Chinese family names usually have only one character

2. Some Westerners may feel confused when they find ________.

A．Chinese family names are written at the beginning before given names

B．Chinese family names are written at the end of the full names

C．there are so many Chinese people using the same family name

D．there are only 700 Chinese names for people to choose from

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Chinese names?

A．Some Chinese family names may have two characters.

B．Only a few characters could be used as given names.

C．Children don’t like their nicknames given by their parents.

D．Children can be named after their grand-parents' names.

9 . 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

It's not just your mom's arbitrary rule; across cultures and throughout history, elbows(手肘）on the table have long been considered unacceptable behavior. Indeed, the Bible warns of putting your elbows on the table, and in 1530, Dutch philosopher Erasmus repeated the same rule. Even the etiquette(礼节） experts don't advise it. So, why have elbows on the table always been considered rude?

For earlier civilizations, this rule functioned to prevent possible violence at the table."Table manners prevented us from leaving our space and starting a" fight. It was important that people saw you-as considerate or trying hard," says Margaret Visser, author of The Rituals of Dinner. Our place setting's fork and knife already act as an imaginary boundary for bur space at the table, so ignoring" or breaking that border indicates that you have no regard for order and are therefore potentially mentally ill-who: knows what else you're capable of!

Today,while keeping your elbows off the table can't be traced back' to a single culture or civilization, it more belongs to the universal language of principle, which expresses two ideas, that at mealtime one shouldn't do anything that inconveniences other diners, and that a meal is a formal occasion where' one shouldn't behave in a casual way.

However,that's not to say that in the here and now leaving your' elbows on the" table will bring dishonor upon your family. Manners develop with the times to meet our needs and feelings. In fact,some body language now suggests that elbows on the table are a sign of appearing engaged and focused on the conversation at hand.

Above all,being considerate, respectful, 'and honest is more important 'than knowing which fork to use. Whether it's a handshake or a hug, it's the sincerity behind and good intentions of the action that matter most

10 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What did some Africans use to think of beauty?

A．The fatter, the more beautiful.	B．The taller and stronger, the better.
C．The thinner, the prettier.

2. How was a woman treated before marrying a chief?

A．She was made up to be more beautiful.

B．She was fed as much as possible to become fat.

C．She was taken a walk with the chief.

3. What’s the probable effect of the custom on the woman?

A．She would not live long.

B．She would enjoy her beauty.

C．She would not stay with her husband.